Aquatic Botany最新文献

{"title":"Within-lake isolation and reproductive strategy of Stuckenia pectinata (L.) Börner at Lake Naivasha (Kenya): About water level fluctuations and alien species","authors":"Ludwig Triest ,&nbsp;Tim Sierens ,&nbsp;Josphine Njambuya ,&nbsp;Taita Terer ,&nbsp;Iris Stiers","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Submerged aquatic plants with mixed reproduction mode may show enhanced clonal growth explained by environmental conditions. For <em>Stuckenia pectinata</em> (L.) Börner this has been linked to within-lake factors, both biotic (tuber predation, herbivory, periphyton shading) and abiotic (hydrological connectivity, sediment type). We investigated the <em>S. pectinata</em> population from Lake Naivasha, where submerged aquatic plants tolerated strong historical water level fluctuations until introduced crayfish, shading by floating exotic weeds and increased turbidity nearly eradicated them, although some stands now rebounded in various lake areas. Using 13 nuclear microsatellite loci, we analyzed genetic diversity and structure of <em>S. pectinata</em> subpopulations along the southeastern shoreline of the main lake and inside Crescent Island Crater, a peripheral lake basin enclosed within the rim of an extinct volcano. Results revealed a predominantly sexual reproductive strategy with limited clonal expansion in the main lake contrasting with pronounced clonal growth in the crater basin. Each subpopulation experienced recent bottlenecks. Crater basin subpopulations exhibited the strongest divergence, lower clonal diversity and larger-sized clones. We explain this differentiation by the exposed crater rim acting as barrier, isolating the crater basin from the main lake during recent decades when low water levels prevailed, accompanied with less negative impact from alien species than in the main lake. Clonal extension occurred on steep-sloping hard sandy substrates, that likely prompted local reproductive adaptations. Genetic diversity, clonal structure and connectivity patterns are discussed in the light of the specific history and features of Lake Naivasha.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 103840"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of rainwater on the carrageenan yield and quality and dry yield biomass of eucheumatoid seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii","authors":"Albaris B. Tahiluddin ,&nbsp;Rizal Jhunn F. Robles ,&nbsp;Mur-hamida S. Eldani-Tahiluddin","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103837","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103837","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Kappaphycus alvarezii</em>, a commercially valuable eucheumatoid seaweed, is widely cultivated in equatorial regions for its kappa-carrageenan. A common post-harvest practice among local farmers involves drying the seaweed using the hanging method, often with exposure to rain. This study investigates the effects of rainwater exposure on the carrageenan yield and quality, as well as the dry yield biomass, of <em>K. alvarezii</em>. Four rainwater soaking times (0, 30, 60, and 90 min) were applied to both fresh and dried forms of <em>K. alvarezii</em>. The samples were then dried or re-dried, and their carrageenan properties were analyzed. Results indicate that rainwater significantly reduces dry yield biomass in both fresh and dried forms, while substantially improving carrageenan yield. In its fresh form, exposure to rainwater notably increased gel strength after 90 min of soak. However, when dried seaweed was soaked and re-dried, gel strength was reduced. Rainwater generally had no effect on viscosity or syneresis index. Gelling temperature was significantly affected by rainwater exposure in fresh seaweed but not in dried samples. Melting temperature in fresh forms was unaffected, but rainwater exposure reduced it in dried seaweed after 90 min of soak. Moisture content was significantly reduced by rainwater in both fresh and dried forms. This research highlights the potential impacts of rainwater on the post-harvest processing of <em>Kappaphycus</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 103837"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A living fossil charophyte Lychnothamnus barbatus newly found in southern Siberia (North Asia)","authors":"Denis Yu. Efimov ,&nbsp;Lyudmila A. Efimova ,&nbsp;Roman E. Romanov","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103836","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103836","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Lychnothamnus barbatus</em> (Charophyceae, Characeae), one of the rarest relict macroscopic charophyte species in the world, has a distinct disjunctive range, having been known from fossil remains in northern Asia for a long period. Living plants of <em>Lychnothamnus barbatus</em> were found in freshwater lakes in southern Siberia in the Minusinsk forest-steppe (south of Krasnoyarsk Territory, Russia), within a conservation area in the Shushenskii Bor National Park. These sites are the first ones in Siberia and North Asia. The localities are situated far from known extant records from Central and Eastern Asia, which confirms the uniqueness and vulnerability of the extant habitats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 103836"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intra and inter specific variation of propagule settings of the family Rhizophoraceae in the Sundarbans mangrove forest","authors":"Md. Kamruzzaman,&nbsp;Md. Minarul Islam,&nbsp;Neyamat Hossen","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103834","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103834","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Sundarbans mangrove forest in Bangladesh is home to the Rhizophoraceae family, which includes at least 7 species. Understanding the factors influencing mangrove species regeneration in specific areas, such as propagule dispersal, predation, and soil conditions, is crucial for comprehending how these populations establish and grow successfully in changing environments. However, there is limited research on the reproductive phenology of Rhizophoraceae in the Sundarbans. Our research was primarily focused on analyzing and comparing the reproductive phenology of three specific species, <em>Bruguiera sexangula</em> (Lour.) Poir., <em>Rhizophora mucronata</em> Lam., and <em>Kandelia candel</em> (L.) Druce within this diverse ecosystem. We studied the flowering pattern, conversion rate, and growth stages of the reproductive organs of these three species. Both inter- and intra-specific variations in propagule mass and size were also investigated. Our findings revealed that the flowers of these species were present for almost half of the year, with a monthly flowering peak occurring primarily in April and May. The propagule of <em>R</em>. <em>mucronata</em> (60.3 cm) was the longest in size which significantly varied from those of <em>K</em>. <em>candel</em> and <em>B</em>. <em>sexangula</em>. While the diameter and weight of the propagules of <em>B. sexangula</em> and <em>K. candel</em> were similar, they were significantly different from those of <em>R. mucronata</em>. In terms of length and surface area, there were significant variations among the propagules of the studied species. The mean surface area of the propagule was 359.7 cm² in <em>R. mucronata</em>, 232.8 cm² in <em>K. candel</em>, and 62.2 cm² in <em>B. sexangula</em>. Regarding litterfall contribution, reproductive organ production in <em>B. sexangula</em> accounted for 29.1 %, in <em>K.candel</em> it was 37.7 %, and in <em>R.mucronata</em> it was 34.6 %. Our findings suggest that the production of reproductive organs in this mangrove forest is influenced by climatic factors as well as the specific adaptive characteristics of each species rather than solely dependent on the size of the reproductive organs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 103834"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142702625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fragment viability, regenerative capacity and protoplast isolation of invasive Australian swamp stonecrop (Crassula helmsii)","authors":"Menno W.J. Bok ,&nbsp;Janneke M.M. van der Loop ,&nbsp;Hein H. van Kleef ,&nbsp;Rob S.E.W. Leuven","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Australian swamp stonecrop (<em>Crassula helmsii</em>) is an amphibious plant native to Australasia and highly invasive in Europe. Managing the spread and impacts of this invader is challenging due to its ability to regenerate from small vegetative plant fragments. In several infested water systems in the Netherlands, the dispersal of this species is currently being prevented using water filters with a mesh size as small as 1 mm² in their outflows. However, it remains unclear whether these filters are truly capable of preventing the spread of small regenerative fragments. To identify potential shortcomings in the management of <em>C. helmsii</em> dispersal, we investigated the regeneration of detached vegetative fragments. A laboratory experiment was conducted to study the regenerative capacity of <em>C. helmsii</em> fragments of varying sizes (0.5–2 mm). We examined the growth performance (stem count, cumulative stem length) of fragments originating from nodes, leaves, shoots, roots, and meristem tissue cuts. All fragments originating from nodal tissue were able to successfully regenerate. Isolated meristem tissue of 0.5 mm was able to regenerate but exhibited malformed growth. Shoot tips demonstrated the best growth performance. While we successfully isolated protoplasts from <em>C. helmsii</em> node tissue, our cultures were compromised, and regeneration could not be assessed. Our research indicates regenerative potential from node fragments as small as a cluster of apical meristem cells. These findings suggest shortcomings in current measures for dispersal prevention of <em>C. helmsii</em>, as they do not prevent the dispersal of plant fragments with a length &lt;2 mm. We recommend re-evaluating the effectiveness of various types of dispersal barriers currently applied in vulnerable natural areas to prevent the spread and subsequent regeneration of small vegetative fragments of <em>C. helmsii</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 103835"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hormonal profiles in shoot apices in (sub)tropical populations of the aquatic carnivorous plant Aldrovanda vesiculosa in summer and winter","authors":"Lubomír Adamec ,&nbsp;Lenka Plačková ,&nbsp;Karel Doležal","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103833","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103833","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We compared hormonal profiles (cytokinins, auxins, ABA) in shoot apices in six (sub)tropical populations of the aquatic carnivorous plant <em>Aldrovanda vesiculosa</em> (Droseraceae; one from Botswana, five from Australia) growing in cultures during summer and then in frosty conditions at the beginning of winter. One Australian population (Armidale, E Australia, NSW) formed dormant turions. No crucial differences in cytokinin and auxin profiles (for both total and active forms) were found between summer and winter shoots within single populations or between non-dormant and dormant populations in the summer or the winter. The ABA content, as a hormonal criterion for plant dormancy, was consistently nearly zero in summer growing plants in all populations. In winter plants, a nearly zero ABA content occurred only in African plants from Botswana, whereas medium-high ABA contents (3.5–7.0 µmol kg⁻¹; dry weight) were found in all Australian plants regardless of their dormancy. Different Quaternary migration history from southern Europe and subsequent separate evolution and genetic changes might explain the difference between these Australian and African plants. Generally, these results raise questions about how turion formation and dormancy are regulated in plant species with turions with zero ABA content and how other non-dormant subtropical or temperate species overwinter with high ABA content.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 103833"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142703179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope composition in leaves and roots of Littorella uniflora (L.) Asch. in relation to water pH and nutrient availability","authors":"Eugeniusz Pronin ,&nbsp;Marek Merdalski ,&nbsp;Rafał Ronowski ,&nbsp;Krzysztof Banaś","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103832","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103832","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In a phytotron experiment, the effects of pH variation and eutrophication on isoetids plants from soft-water lakes specifically the submerged form of <em>Littorella uniflora</em> (L.) Asch. was investigated by analyzing stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes (<em>δ</em>¹³C and <em>δ</em>¹⁵N). Conducted in late October 2020, 200 specimens from Lake Zawiad, near Gdansk, Poland, were examined over 75 days. The study tested three pH levels (∼4.5, ∼7.0, and ∼8.5) and a detailed 12-step nutrient gradient (nitrogen: 0–10 mg/l; phosphorus: 0–0.3 mg/l). The analysis focused on isotopic composition in leaves and roots, revealing that acidic conditions favored higher <em>δ</em>¹³C values (leaves: −22.67 ‰; roots: −23.23 ‰), suggesting a preference for lighter carbon forms in photosynthesis and intensive use of limited sources of CO₂. The neutral pH variant showed the lowest <em>δ</em>¹³C values (leaves: −25.53 ‰; roots: −25.47 ‰), indicating less optimal conditions. <em>δ</em>¹⁵N values exhibited minimal fluctuation across pH levels, with slight variations in acidic and alkaline environments compared to neutral conditions. An observed decrease in <em>δ</em>¹³C across all pH levels with increased nutrients, alongside a rise in <em>δ</em>¹⁵N values, indicates a complex interaction between isotopic composition and environmental factors. Our findings suggest that <em>L</em>. <em>uniflora</em> shows a distinct isotopic response to varying pH levels, with higher <em>δ</em>¹³C values under acidic conditions potentially indicating enhanced CO₂ uptake through a specialized carbon assimilation strategy. This highlights the species' adaptive mechanisms to environmental stressors, suggesting that the isotopic composition of aquatic vegetation can serve as a sensitive indicator of changes in lake ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 103832"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of physicochemical variables on plant species richness and distribution in the coastal salt marshes of the Berg River Estuary, South Africa","authors":"Nomcebo T. Mngomezulu ,&nbsp;Anusha Rajkaran ,&nbsp;Dimitri A. Veldkornet","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103831","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103831","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The continuous distribution of coastal salt marsh habitats along an elevation gradient can be disrupted by tidal creeks running through them. Tidal creeks wind through salt marshes and create different environmental conditions for adjacent habitats. While studies have emphasized the importance of tidal creeks as links facilitating interactions in salt marshes, few have studied plant communities and physiochemical conditions associated with tidal creeks. This study determined the influence of creek physicochemical variables on the diversity and distribution of coastal salt marsh plants. Six transects in the lower reaches of the Berg River Estuary, South Africa were sampled over two seasons at sites with either the presence or absence of creeks. Species composition and abundance were analysed by replicate quadrats and paired with physicochemical variables (groundwater and sediment). The k-means of 20 species in 334 quadrats revealed four distinct clusters of salt marsh habitats, creeks, intertidal salt marsh, supratidal salt marsh and reeds. Species richness was higher along transects with creeks (16) compared to those with no creeks (5). The physiochemical variables, groundwater temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, and sediment variables (redox potential, organic content, percentage silt and percentage sand), significantly influenced the abundance of creek species. This study highlights the importance of tidal creeks in forming unique vegetation communities in salt marshes, where they act as refugia for intertidal species. It is suggested that tidal creek communities should be included in salt marsh vegetation descriptions and monitored in association with physicochemical variables in response to climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 103831"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple introduction events expand the range of the invasive brown alga Rugulopteryx okamurae to northern Spain","authors":"Pilar Díaz-Tapia ,&nbsp;Nerea Alvite ,&nbsp;Rafael Bañón ,&nbsp;Rodolfo Barreiro ,&nbsp;Sara Barrientos ,&nbsp;María Bustamante ,&nbsp;Sara Carrasco ,&nbsp;Javier Cremades ,&nbsp;Silvia Iglesias ,&nbsp;María del Carmen López Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Nahiara Muguerza ,&nbsp;Cristina Piñeiro-Corbeira ,&nbsp;Endika Quintano ,&nbsp;F. Javier Tajadura ,&nbsp;Isabel Díez","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103830","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103830","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The brown alga <em>Rugulopteryx okamurae</em> is one of the most recent and aggressive marine invaders known, with a non-native range that spans from the western Mediterranean to the southern Iberian Peninsula, and the European Macaronesian archipelagos. Here, we provide the first record of its presence at three disjunct areas from northern Spain, supported by morphological and molecular evidence. <em>Rugulopteryx okamurae</em> was discovered in the port of Bilbao in the northeastern Atlantic of Spain, more than 1200 km away from the nearest invaded location previously known. It was also found at two separate areas in northwestern Spain: San Amaro, a small inlet at the entrance of the port of A Coruña, and Monteferro-Playa América, a site close to the port of Vigo. In two areas, <em>R. okamurae</em> was found to cover up to 100 % of the bottom, suggesting that it may behave as an aggressive invader in northern Spain. Our findings confirm the propensity of <em>R. okamurae</em> for long-distance dispersal and reveal that this invader is expanding its range northwards along the European Atlantic coast.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 103830"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Halophila baillonii's hidden distribution range: Rediscovery and conservation of a rare seagrass in the Tropical Atlantic","authors":"Karine Matos Magalhães ,&nbsp;Thomaz Henrique Arruda Lima ,&nbsp;Roberto Lima Barcellos ,&nbsp;Ana Maria Costa Souza","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103828","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103828","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study characterizes a population of the rare seagrass species <em>Halophila baillonii</em>, rediscovered over 130 years after its initial record on the Brazilian coast. Historical and current global distribution and species traits were reviewed to investigate population expansion and compare worldwide populations. Generally, seagrass traits of this new population showed no significant differences compared to previously studied populations, including those within Marine Protected Areas. However, a global lack of population data for the species was identified. Thirteen populations were recognized within the Tropical Atlantic Bioregion, with most in multispecific meadows. In these multispecific meadows, <em>H. baillonii</em> leaves were wider. The recent rediscovery of this population raises the question: are we observing a genuine expansion of its distribution range, or have we simply overlooked its presence in certain areas?</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 103828"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}