Aquatic Botany最新文献

{"title":"Using molecular phylogenetic analyses to assess the timing and biogeography of aquatic plant origins","authors":"Nicholas P. Tippery","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103928","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103928","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aquatic plants are diverse and widespread, representing one of the most profound examples of convergent evolution. Although they are fairly well understood as lineages in isolation, there have been few comprehensive syntheses of all aquatic plant species worldwide. The opportunity for a broad study of aquatic plant evolution has been enabled by the accumulation of abundant molecular, morphological, and biogeographical data in recent years, as well as associated analysis methods. The current study utilizes available data to evaluate angiosperm phylogenetic relationships, focusing on lineages with one or more aquatic species, and to reconstruct the ancestral timing and biogeography of lineages that became aquatic. It was estimated that there were 604 independent origins of the aquatic habit, resulting in 3427 extant aquatic species. The frequency of aquatic origins apparently increased over several time periods, relative to the diversification rate of terrestrial angiosperms. Aquatic plant species most commonly exhibit the hyperhydrate (emergent) growth form, which characterizes the majority of extant species and likely represents a common ancestral habit for most aquatic lineages. Potential limitations of the current study are discussed, including data quality, ancestral biogeography and dating methods, and the uncertainty associated with defining aquatic plants. This study should serve as a foundation for future research into aquatic plant evolution and the development of a phylogenetically informed growth form classification for aquatic plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 103928"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144826529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sargassum hatchery-based cultivation and mariculture techniques in the Philippines: Practices, challenges, and future prospects","authors":"Maria Lyn M. Magcanta-Mortos ,&nbsp;Albaris B. Tahiluddin ,&nbsp;John Marlan R. Mortos ,&nbsp;Nonillon M. Aspe ,&nbsp;Jesrelljane Aaron-Amper ,&nbsp;Venus E. Leopardas ,&nbsp;Wilfredo H. Uy","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103925","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103925","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Sargassum</em> species are ecologically and economically significant marine macroalgae with potential applications in food, pharmaceuticals, biofuel production, and coastal habitat restoration. While <em>Sargassum</em> hatchery and mariculture techniques are well-documented in China and South Korea, research specific to the Philippines remains limited. This review examines the distribution, seasonality, and cultivation practices of <em>Sargassum</em> in the Philippines, emphasizing the biological and socio-economic factors affecting its successful farming. Unlike temperate regions where growth is highly seasonal, Philippine <em>Sargassum</em> populations exhibit year-round growth with peak biomass during cooler months (November-February). Challenges such as substrate instability, biofouling, and predation hinder large-scale out-planting, while socio-economic barriers include a lack of policy support, infrastructure, and fluctuating market demand. Existing hatchery-based techniques, such as zygote liberation and vegetative fragmentation, show promise but require optimization to enhance survival and productivity. Future research should focus on refining grow-out conditions, improving out-planting success, and developing sustainable farming models suited to Philippine coastal environments. With targeted investments in research, policy, and industry collaboration, <em>Sargassum</em> mariculture in the Philippines has the potential to support economic development while promoting marine conservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 103925"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144724469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant characteristics of the non-native seagrass Halophila stipulacea in recently colonized beds of Puerto Rico","authors":"Alexi Ebersole ,&nbsp;James E. Kaldy ,&nbsp;Cayla Sullivan ,&nbsp;Angel Dieppa ,&nbsp;Ivelisse Cappielo Cosme ,&nbsp;Marco Orizondo Lugo","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103926","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103926","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The seagrass <em>Halophila stipulacea</em> is native to the Red Sea and Indian Ocean, and since entering the Caribbean in 2002 has spread rapidly throughout the eastern islands including Puerto Rico, and as far as Venezuela and Florida, USA. Despite the research attention to potential ecosystem disruption from <em>H. stipulacea</em> there is little data on the morphology and plant characteristics (e.g. biomass and density) of these new populations. In 2022 we surveyed shallow seagrass communities at 10 sites in 3 bays and characterized plant traits. <em>H. stipulacea</em> was present at 50 % of the sites. We measured leaf morphology on individual shoots, and collected samples for biomass, density, and leaf C:N:P. Density estimates ranged from 3000 to over 11,000 shoots m⁻² and biomass varied from 65 and 266 gdw m⁻². Mean leaf C:N:P varied between 393:18:1 and 772:27:1 with no strong indications of nutrient limitation. Leaf lengths ranged between 3.7 and 5.4 cm, width varied between 6.7 and 8 mm, with resulting leaf areas ranging between 2 and 3.5 cm². <em>H. stipulacea</em> leaf area index ranged between 0.6 and 3.9 m² leaf m² sediment, with higher LAI values represent a mechanism of self-shading in shallow, clear waters. The range expansion and <em>H. stipulacea</em> beds observed in this study provide supporting evidence that the Caribbean seagrass landscape is changing. Establishing long-term seagrass mapping and monitoring programs would help to assess the impact of this changing seagrass landscape.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 103926"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144694917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth patterns of three Hydrilla verticillata biotypes in the United States","authors":"Jens P. Beets ,&nbsp;Kara J. Foley ,&nbsp;Benjamin P. Sperry ,&nbsp;Andrew W. Howell ,&nbsp;Robert J. Richardson","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrilla [<em>Hydrilla verticillata</em> (L.f. Royle)] is an invasive submersed plant first documented in the United States (US) in the 1950s. Until recently, only two distinct strains of hydrilla, hereafter referred to as biotypes, were recorded in the US with both belonging to the same clade and characterized as either ‘monoecious’ or ‘dioecious’. In 2016, a third genetically distinct biotype (‘clade C’) was identified in the lower Connecticut River, Connecticut. Trials were conducted at two geographically unique locations within North Carolina to compare growth and reproduction of hydrilla biotypes by climatic conditions. Nominal differences were observed in peak aboveground biomass, relative growth rate, or occurrence of these metrics among the three hydrilla biotypes, although the predicted peak biomass for dioecious hydrilla did not occur during the study period. Monoecious hydrilla exhibited lower peak belowground biomass than dioecious and clade C hydrilla despite its abundant subterranean turion production. Monoecious hydrilla exhibited 1.8X greater aboveground biomass 180 days after planting (Julian day 304) than clade C hydrilla. Clade C hydrilla produced 74 axillary turions per plant on Julian day 304, which equates to a 2.3X increase over monoecious hydrilla and 61.5X increase over dioecious hydrilla. Conversely, subterranean turion production was 4.7 and 7.1X higher in monoecious hydrilla and dioecious hydrilla than clade C hydrilla, respectively. These studies suggest the clade C hydrilla displays many phenological similarities to the other two biotypes in the US, but its prodigious axillary turion production poses concerning implications for potential to spread and persistence following management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 103924"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144670767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of increasing temperature on NO, N2O and H2S production and dynamics within epiphytic seagrass leaf biofilms","authors":"Qingfeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Nora Kainz ,&nbsp;Gabriel Ferreira ,&nbsp;Michael Kühl ,&nbsp;Kasper Elgetti Brodersen","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103923","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leaf epiphytes have potential to reduce seagrasses nighttime O₂ supply leading to microbial production of greenhouse gases and phytotoxins that may be harmful to the plant. However, it remains unknown how global warming affects anaerobic processes like denitrification and sulfate reduction in the seagrass phyllopshere during darkness. We used electrochemical microsensors to measure gradients of O₂, NO, N₂O and H₂S in the leaf microenvironment of heavily epiphyte-covered seagrass (<em>Zostera marina</em> L.) during darkness as a function of temperature at 14 and 24 °C. Increasing seawater temperature stimulated phytotoxic H₂S production and accumulation within anoxic seagrass phyllospheres in darkness, which can be harmful to the plant as H₂S readily diffuses through the thin cuticle of seagrass leaves. The seagrass phyllosphere also exhibited production of NO, which was diffusing into the plant as measured in the basal leaf meristem, as well as the potent greenhouse gas N₂O during darkness. Increased temperature and reduced O₂ availability in the water-column, e.g., during marine heatwaves in eutrofied waters, can thus induce hostile chemical conditions in the seagrass phyllosphere that potentially can be detrimental for the plant’s performance and ecological function. The phyllosphere dynamics of NO and N₂O displayed limited response to increasing seawater temperatures as compared to H₂S, but the N₂O production in epiphyte-covered seagrass leaves and subsequent emission to the surrounding seawater could have implications for the role of seagrass meadows in greenhouse gas mitigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 103923"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144588285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence of Halodule wrightii flower and seed production at its northern range extent in the western North Atlantic (USA)","authors":"Madison A. Lytle ,&nbsp;Michael E. Wheeler","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103921","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103921","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Halodule wrightii</em> is a tropical, euryhaline, dioecious seagrass found in marine waters of the western Atlantic Ocean, ranging from Brazil and the Gulf of Mexico to its northern limit in North Carolina. For seagrasses, sexual reproduction can serve as a resilience mechanism, with seed banks supporting re-establishment and recovery following a stress event. However, environmental stress may limit sexual reproduction due to high energetic costs. <em>H. wrightii</em> in North Carolina was previously thought to rely exclusively on asexual reproduction, with no confirmed reports of fully developed seeds and only a single historical account of flowering. Here, we report field observations of female and male flowers, fruits, and fully developed seeds in the sediment confirming that <em>H. wrightii</em> is capable of successful sexual reproduction at its northern range limit. These findings challenge prior assumptions and highlight the need for future research into the ecological and environmental factors influencing sexual reproduction (e.g. flower formation, timing of pollination, fruit development) and the role it plays in shaping genetic diversity in edge-of-range <em>H. wrigthii</em> populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 103921"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144534204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flowers from the sea: First record of seagrass flowers in the Arabian Gulf","authors":"Hung Manh Nguyen,&nbsp;Sajin Velakkandy,&nbsp;Aadil Yahiya Koothuparambil,&nbsp;Viliame Waqalevu,&nbsp;Elise Marquis","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Arabian Gulf is home to three tropical seagrass species, <em>Halodule uninervis</em>, <em>Halophila ovalis</em> and <em>H. stipulacea</em>, which together cover an area of ∼ 6 % of the world’s seagrass distribution. To date, seagrass flowers and fruits have never been documented in this region. In March 2025, we conducted a sampling survey in four locations along Abu Dhabi’s coastline and here report for the first time on the presence of both flowers and fruits for <em>H. ovalis</em> in two studied sites, <em>H. stipulacea</em> flowers in another site. No flowers nor fruits were found for <em>H. uninervis</em> from any of the four investigated populations. One <em>H. ovalis</em> population had more than 46 % of plants bearing flowers, while other populations exhibited very limited numbers of flowering individuals, demonstrating highly variable sexual reproductive effort among different seagrass species and populations in the region. Our findings fill a critical gap in knowledge in the regional seagrass biology and offer important implications in seagrass research and restoration activities across the Arabian Gulf.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 103922"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144556753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First discovery of an intersubgeneric hybrid Sparganium emersum × S. microcarpum (Typhaceae) based on morphological and molecular data","authors":"Eugeny A. Belyakov ,&nbsp;Alexander G. Lapirov ,&nbsp;Tian Lv ,&nbsp;Shiran Zhan ,&nbsp;Xinwei Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103919","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103919","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hybridization is widespread in the genus <em>Sparganium</em>, but previously confirmed cases were restricted to crosses between species within the two subgenera (subg. <em>Xanthosparganium</em> or subg. <em>Sparganium</em>). Intersubgeneric hybridization had long been dismissed by most authoritative researchers, as experimental attempts to cross these lineages consistently failed. Here we reported <em>Sparganium × papczenkovii</em> Belyakov et Lapirov, a newly discovered natural hybrid resulting from the spontaneous hybridization between species of two <em>Sparganium</em> subgenera: <em>S. emersum</em> (subg. <em>Xanthosparganium</em>) and <em>S. microcarpum</em> (subg. <em>Sparganium</em>). The hybrid status of the found population was confirmed through principal coordinates analysis of seven morphological traits including tepal morphometrics comparing the hybrid, its putative parental species (<em>S. emersum</em> and <em>S. microcarpum</em>), and one more possible candidate – <em>S. erectum</em>. Sequence analysis of chloroplast and nuclear DNA further supported the hybrid origin, revealing that all examined <em>S. × papczenkovii</em> samples were heterozygous with <em>S. emersum</em> as the maternal parent and <em>S. microcarpum</em> as the paternal parent. We also found that all samples of <em>S. × papczenkovii</em> were F1 generations. We propose that post-zygotic reproductive isolation specifically, F1 sterility may maintain species boundary between <em>S. emersum</em> and <em>S. microcarpum</em>. Despite potential sterility, F1 hybrids in <em>Sparganium</em> exhibit significant ecological and evolutionary relevance, as their vegetative reproduction often grants them higher competitiveness compared to parental species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 103919"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytohormone profiles in leaves and traps of three Genlisea (Lentibulariaceae) species","authors":"Lubomír Adamec ,&nbsp;Lenka Plačková ,&nbsp;Karel Doležal","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103920","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103920","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Genlisea</em> (Lentibulariaceae) is a tropical genus of rootless wetland carnivorous plants. The belowground leaf (rhizophyll) is a Y-shaped organ which functions as an ‘eel trap‘ for soil microorganisms. We compared phytohormonal profiles (cytokinins, auxins, ABA) in green photosynthetic leaves, upper trap segments (including the vesicle for prey digestion) and lower branched trap segments functioning as trap entrances, in three <em>Genlisea</em> species from a pot culture. Relatively low contents of total cytokinins (35–1017 nmol kg⁻¹; dry weight) and active cytokinins (7–213 nmol kg⁻¹) occurred in the species. Those in upper trap segments, which fulfill demanding physiological functions, usually exceeded several times those in branched trap segments or green leaves. Generally, auxin contents were enormously variable across the species. Auxin contents (both IAA and total contents) in both organ types in <em>G. hispidula and G. uncinata</em> exceeded those in the <em>G. lobata</em> × <em>flexuosa</em> hybrid by one–three orders of magnitude. The highest free IAA content was usually in green leaves followed by upper and branched trap segments. However, the ABA content, as a hormonal criterion for plant dormancy, was consistently very low in all organs and species, indicating no growth limitation by this inhibitory hormone. The comparison of these hormone profiles with those from the literature in the phylogenetically related sister genus <em>Utricularia</em> (six aquatic species) has indicated that the very low cytokinin contents in <em>Genlisea</em> organs could reflect their very low growth rate as compared to rapidly growing aquatic <em>Utricularia</em> species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 103920"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth, morphology, and nitrogen uptake adaptivity of Phragmites karka in response to nitrogen forms and oxygen availability","authors":"Manutsawan Manokieng,&nbsp;Arunothai Jampeetong","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103918","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103918","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The responses of <em>Phragmites karka</em> to different N-forms and O₂ supply were investigated. Fourteen-day old plants were selected and assigned randomly to six experimental treatments (n = 10), with three N-forms (NH₄⁺, NO₃^-, NH₄NO₃) at equilibrium concentration (500 µM N) and two O₂ conditions (normoxia and hypoxia). All plants were cultivated in greenhouse conditions for 77 days. Under normoxia, NH₄⁺-fed plants had significantly higher dry mass production and NH₄⁺ removal capacity than NO₃^--fed plants. In addition, the NH₄⁺- and NH₄NO₃-fed plants had significantly higher root dry mass and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) compared to the NO₃^--fed plants. This suggests NH₄⁺ preference under normoxia. Under hypoxia, the plants had reduced growth, biomass production, N removal capacity, and NUE. The plants also modulated root traits by reducing root dry mass, root length and root diameter. The plants had no significant difference in dry mass across N-forms under hypoxia. However, the NH₄⁺-fed plants increased their shoot:root ratios, while the NO₃^--fed plants retained their shoot:root ratios under hypoxia. Moreover, the NO₃^--fed plants had slighter changes in root size and biomass, NH₄⁺ removal capacity, and NUE, suggesting better stability under hypoxia compared to the NH₄⁺-fed plants. The different response patterns between N-form are probably due to the energy preservation of roots associated with N uptake and assimilation. It appears that, <em>P. karka</em> utilizes both NH₄⁺ and NO₃^-, but that it prefer NH₄⁺ when sufficient O₂ is available. In addition, this species can tolerate prolonged hypoxia and adaptation patterns appear to be N-form dependent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 103918"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144471579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}