Applied Ocean Research最新文献

{"title":"Wave attenuation by juvenile and mature mangrove Kandelia Obovata with flexible canopies","authors":"Cen Hang ,&nbsp;Junning Pan ,&nbsp;Liehong Ju ,&nbsp;Biyao Zhai ,&nbsp;Fan Yang ,&nbsp;Dongmei Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104443","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104443","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mangroves have notable wave attenuation capabilities, crucial for protecting coastal ecosystems. Most studies have focused on <em>Rhizophora,</em> particularly its complex aerial root systems, with limited research on <em>Kandelia obovata</em>, a widespread species characterized by short roots, radiating branches, and large canopies. To address this gap, wave attenuation by juvenile and mature <em>Kandelia obovata</em>, both with and without canopy, was investigated using wave flume experiments. The wave attenuation equation was modified to account for the complex mangrove morphology. The effective bulk drag coefficient of the entire vegetation <span><math><msub><mi>C</mi><mi>D</mi></msub></math></span>, the elastic branch <span><math><mrow><mi>C</mi><msubsup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>D</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi></mrow><mo>′</mo></msubsup></mrow></math></span> and flexible canopy <span><math><mrow><mi>C</mi><msubsup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>D</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>c</mi></mrow><mo>′</mo></msubsup></mrow></math></span> were calculated. The results highlight the wave energy attenuation capabilities of flexible canopy in both mature and juvenile cases.Even sparse canopy of juvenile mangroves can produce wave attenuation comparable to that of mature tree branches. Juvenile mangroves exhibit acceptable energy dissipation primarily due to their canopies, but only at low water levels. Both branches and canopies of mature mangroves significantly attenuate waves, but as water level increases, the canopy gradually dominates. A new parameter, the hydraulic length scale <span><math><mrow><mi>H</mi><mi>L</mi></mrow></math></span>, was proposed to predict the wave damping factor <em>β</em>. A new characteristic length scale hydrodynamic diameter <span><math><msub><mi>D</mi><mi>e</mi></msub></math></span> was used to calculate the vegetation Reynolds number <span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></math></span> and the Keulegan-Carpenter number <span><math><mrow><mi>K</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow></math></span>. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that combining <span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mi>K</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow></math></span> best predicts <span><math><msub><mi>C</mi><mi>D</mi></msub></math></span>, with <em>Re</em> alone being the second-best. While <span><math><mrow><mi>C</mi><msup><mi>a</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> correlates with <span><math><mrow><mi>C</mi><msubsup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>D</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>c</mi></mrow><mo>′</mo></msubsup></mrow></math></span>, the underlying mechanism of this relationship may be complex and requires further research. The adaptability of the theoretical model for emergent vegetation is also explored. This study may contribute to the design of eco-coastal defenses using mangroves for protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 104443"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling the hydrodynamic response of a floating offshore wind turbine – a comparative study","authors":"Shimin Yu ,&nbsp;Edward Ransley ,&nbsp;Ling Qian ,&nbsp;Yang Zhou ,&nbsp;Scott Brown ,&nbsp;Deborah Greaves ,&nbsp;Martyn Hann ,&nbsp;Anna Holcombe ,&nbsp;Emma Edwards ,&nbsp;Tom Tosdevin ,&nbsp;Sudhir Jagdale ,&nbsp;Qian Li ,&nbsp;Yi Zhang ,&nbsp;Ningbo Zhang ,&nbsp;Shiqiang Yan ,&nbsp;Qingwei Ma ,&nbsp;Bonaventura Tagliafierro ,&nbsp;Salvatore Capasso ,&nbsp;Iván Martínez-Estévez ,&nbsp;Malin Göteman ,&nbsp;Javier L. Lara","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104441","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper summarises the work conducted within the 1st FOWT (Floating Offshore Wind Turbine) Comparative Study organised by the EPSRC (UK) ‘Extreme loading on FOWTs under complex environmental conditions’ and ‘Collaborative computational project on wave structure interaction (CCP-WSI)’ projects. The hydrodynamic response of a FOWT support structure is simulated with a range of numerical models based on potential theory, Morison equation, Navier-Stokes solvers and hybrid methods coupling different flow solvers. A series of load cases including the static equilibrium tests, free decay tests, operational and extreme focused wave cases are considered for the UMaine VolturnUS-S semi-submersible platform, and the results from 17 contributions are analysed and compared with each other and against the experimental data from a 1:70 scale model test performed in the COAST Laboratory Ocean Basin at the University of Plymouth. It is shown that most numerical models can predict similar results for the heave response, but significant discrepancies exist in the prediction of the surge and pitch responses as well as the mooring line loads. For the extreme focused wave case, while both Navier–Stokes and potential flow base models tend to produce larger errors in terms of the root mean squared error than the operational focused wave case, the Navier-Stokes based models generally perform better. Given the fact that variations in the solutions (sometimes large) also present in the results based the same or similar numerical models, e.g., OpenFOAM, the study highlights uncertainties in setting up a numerical model for complex wave structure interaction simulations such as those involving a FOWT and therefore the importance of proper code validation and verification studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 104441"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The application of structured light for external subsea pipeline inspection based on the underwater dry cabin","authors":"Hai Zhu ,&nbsp;Jiawang Chen ,&nbsp;Yuan Lin ,&nbsp;Peng Zhou ,&nbsp;Kaichuang Wang ,&nbsp;Peiwen Lin ,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Peng ,&nbsp;Haonan Li ,&nbsp;Jin Guo ,&nbsp;Xueyu Ren ,&nbsp;Han Ge ,&nbsp;Zhonghui Zhou ,&nbsp;Yuping Fang ,&nbsp;Zhenjun Jiang ,&nbsp;Feng Gao ,&nbsp;Wendi Dai ,&nbsp;Xuehua Chen ,&nbsp;Guoming Cao ,&nbsp;Honghe Li ,&nbsp;Xu Gao ,&nbsp;Yuanjie Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104431","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104431","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study addresses the critical challenge of inspecting subsea pipelines in the highly turbid waters of the East China Sea, where visibility significantly hinders conventional methods. To overcome these limitations, we developed an advanced unmanned submarine light-scanning system that leverages structured light technology within a large-scale underwater dry cabin. This innovative setup enables high-precision, in-situ external inspections of pipelines by ensuring comprehensive scanning coverage even in poor visibility conditions. The core components of our system include the shipboard-controlled structured light scanning driving system (SLSDS) for precise motion control, enabling seamless full-pipeline coverage in a single deployment, and the shipboard electric control subsystem (SECS), which integrates power supply, sensing, communication, and control functionalities. Applied in the Zhoushan sea area, the dry-cabin scanning system demonstrated a 50–66.7 % reduction in inspection time and a tenfold improvement in data resolution over traditional technologies. These results highlight the system's effectiveness, efficiency, and safety advantages, offering a robust solution for pipeline inspections in offshore environments with compromised visibility. The system's capability to significantly enhance inspection accuracy and operational efficiency underscores its potential for broader application in similar high-turbidity settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 104431"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solitary wave-induced 2D seepage effects on sediment incipient motion","authors":"Zhaojun Wang ,&nbsp;Junning Pan ,&nbsp;Biyao zhai ,&nbsp;Yue Zhao ,&nbsp;Yuerui Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104456","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solitary wave theory has been extensively applied to describe wave motions in very shallow water. Previous studies on sand movement induced by solitary waves have typically neglected the effects of seepage flow. This paper examines the effects of two-dimensional (2D) seepage on the Shields number using a semi-analytical model. A modified Shields number, incorporating seepage scaling factors, is derived to assess the influence of seepage forces on sediment incipience. It is found that wave-induced seepage can cause the maximum Shields number to increase by approximately 43.8 %, thereby promoting the incipience of seabed sediment. However, if only the vertical direction is considered, the downward \"injection\" force would reduce the Shields number. Ignoring the horizontal components of seepage may lead to an underestimation of seepage effects, potentially resulting in an inaccurate evaluation of sediment incipient motion. Parametric studies reveal that, under conditions of greater wave height, water depth, saturation, permeability, and lower Young’ s modulus, the maximum Shields number would noticeably increase due to the combined effects of horizontal and vertical seepage forces. The primary limitation is that the present results apply only to the laminar and partially transitioning regimes; further research is required for strong turbulence (<em>R</em>_e &gt; 5 × 10⁵).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 104456"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143377397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simplified FELA-based evaluation of suction caisson bearing capacity in layered sands","authors":"Shili Ma ,&nbsp;Zhongling Zong ,&nbsp;Yifan Ji ,&nbsp;Yuwei Wei ,&nbsp;Liquan Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Evaluating the bearing capacity of a foundation situated on layered soils is crucial for ensuring offshore wind structure stability under varied loading conditions in its service. This study uses finite element limit analysis (FELA) to investigate suction caisson behavior in one- and two-layered cohesionless soils from the Bohai Sea under purely vertical and combined loading. A key innovation is the introduction of a simplified method to analyze ultimate vertical bearing capacity, employing a theoretical retaining wall model that aligns closely with FELA results. The effective interface frictional angle is proposed as a parameter for assessing caisson performance under lateral loads and moments. The research also explores failure modes and combined load yield surfaces, considering soil layer thickness. The research indicates that as the internal friction angle of soils rises, the critical rupture angle for the active sliding body progressively increases, leading to the mobilization of deeper soil layers. The failure mode of suction caissons under lateral loading remains consistent, while moment loading results in deep rotational failure. Additionally, the study confirms the accuracy of existing elliptical equations in describing failure envelopes and introduces new findings on the influence of soil layer thickness on eccentricity parameters and failure envelope characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 104464"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural prescribed-time dynamic positioning control of semi-submersible platforms with asymmetric input saturation","authors":"Chenfeng Huang,&nbsp;Yongsheng Dou,&nbsp;Zuojing Su,&nbsp;Xianku Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents an adaptive prescribed-time control scheme to the dynamic positioning (DP) system of semi-submersible platforms (SSPs) in the presence of asymmetric input saturation. To eliminate the adverse effect induced by the input saturation, a saturated compensating auxiliary system is introduced. The system singularity problem is removed by automatically enlarging and recovering the velocity error by implanting a modification saturated signals into the velocity error. The dynamic errors are transformed into a new error variable by using a fixed-time tracking performance function (FTTPF). After that, the fixed-time funnel boundaries (FTFBs) will no longer need to be redesigned according to various initial attitude errors. Meanwhile, the trajectories of the attitude errors are limited to the designed boundaries over a finite time interval. In addition, the new errors in the closed-loop system are guaranteed to be semi-global uniformly ultimately bounded (SGUUB). Finally, two simulations are performed to illustrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed scheme.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 104444"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143328412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization and performance analysis of a track tristable nonlinear energy sink subjected to impulsive, harmonic and sea wave excitations","authors":"Haobo Li ,&nbsp;Hu Ding ,&nbsp;Tienchong Chang ,&nbsp;Liqun Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2024.104404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2024.104404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A traditional track nonlinear energy sink (TNES) is very sensitive to input energy. In order to extend effective energy threshold range of a TNES, a track tristable nonlinear energy sink (TTNES) with rotational inertia is proposed. Firstly, motion equations of a linear structure coupled with a TTNES are derived. The TTNES can translate into the track bistable NES (TBNES) and the track monostable NES (TMNES, traditional TNES) by adjusting track shape parameters. Secondly, equilibrium stability and bifurcation of a TTNES are determined. Then, analytical analysis and vibration reduction performance of a TTNES are conducted under impulsive excitations. In addition, approximate analysis and vibration reduction performance of a TTNES are carried out under harmonic excitations. Finally, a TTNES is applied to vibration mitigation of an offshore platform under sea wave excitations. The results show the TTNES exhibits better vibration reduction performance and higher robustness than traditional TNES when subjected to impulsive and harmonic excitations. In addition, the TTNES can effectively reduce the response of an offshore platform under sea wave excitations. This research provides the necessary theoretical basis for designing and applying the TTNES.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 104404"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the influence of environmental loads on the rheological properties of laterite nickel ore during liquefaction","authors":"Zihao Zhao ,&nbsp;Wanqing Wu ,&nbsp;Heping Wang ,&nbsp;Yu Zhou ,&nbsp;Yueyang Sun ,&nbsp;Maocheng Huang ,&nbsp;Qinggong Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Liquefaction is one of the main causes of catastrophic accidents during sea transport of liquefiable cargo. Complex rheological processes are often required when liquefying liquefiable cargo. In order to study the rheological properties of the liquefaction process, Cyclic Triaxial Test was used to study the liquefaction process of laterite nickel ore under different consolidation pressures and dynamic loads. The rheological properties during the liquefaction process were quantitatively analyzed based on the apparent viscosity <em>η_ap</em>. Subsequently, the liquefaction process was quantitatively described using rheological characteristic parameters and phase transition points (<em>N_s, N_l</em>) were defined to divide different stages. The phase transition mechanism was combined with the shear stress-shear strain rate curve, and the effects of initial effective consolidation pressure <em>σ′</em>₀, axial dynamic load <em>σ_d,</em> and number of cycles <em>N</em> on the rheological characteristics of laterite nickel ore were further analyzed. Finally, an explicit expression of <em>η_ap</em> during liquefaction was obtained by an intelligent algorithm, which could be a data basis for subsequent risk research of liquefiable cargo during sea transport. This study provides a method for quantitative analysis of load and rheological properties of liquefiable cargo.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 104418"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-time synthesis of the dynamic responses of floating bodies to waves for maritime simulators","authors":"Luca Donatini ,&nbsp;Jeroen Verwilligen ,&nbsp;Guillaume Delefortrie ,&nbsp;Marc Vantorre ,&nbsp;Evert Lataire","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2024.104393","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2024.104393","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new implementation of the Fourier approach to synthesize spectral waves in real-time was recently published by the authors, based on an efficient GPU implementation and on a very flexible definition of the wave inputs. This paper presents an extension of the method to deal with the time-domain synthesis of frequency-domain responses of floating bodies, which can be calculated offline with a linear seakeeping solver. The frequency-domain responses are mapped from frequency/direction space to wavenumber space in order to match the same wave components used by the synthesis of the ocean surface, and they are transformed into time-domain responses by means of Inverse Discrete Fourier Transforms. Given the large number of elementary wave components required for a realistic visualization of the ocean surface, the synthesis of dynamic responses becomes computationally expensive and was implemented on GPUs relying on parallel reduction algorithms to speed up the summations. The performance of the GPU implementation was investigated, showing how the present method can synthesize multiple dynamic responses in real-time even when dealing with many elementary wave components. The physical accuracy of the technique proposed in the paper was assessed by simulating a virtual wave measurement buoy: the frequency-domain responses of the buoy were calculated with a linear seakeeping solver and then synthesized according to the proposed method. Then, the timeseries of buoy motions were used to reconstruct directional wave spectra, which proved to be in very good agreement with the wave spectra provided as inputs for the simulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 104393"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of current on the hydroelastic behaviour of floating flexible circular structure","authors":"P. Amouzadrad,&nbsp;S.C. Mohapatra,&nbsp;C. Guedes Soares","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2024.104387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2024.104387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An analytical model of wave-current interaction with a moored floating circular structure has been developed using Timoshenko-Mindlin beam theory. The analytical solution is derived utilising the matched eigenfunction expansion method, combined with orthogonal relations and Bessel functions. The convergence study of the analytical solution for different current speeds on the deflection amplitude, bending moment, and shear forces is demonstrated. Further, the correctness of the current solution is validated against existing published numerical results and experimental datasets and multiple outcomes of vertical displacement, bending moment, shear force, reflection and transmission coefficients on the current speed, and various design and physical parameters are examined. It has been noted that the current speed influences the structural responses significantly, and the present analysis may help understand the design parameters needed to model a VLFS application for ocean space utilisation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 104387"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}