Applied Ocean Research最新文献

{"title":"Enhancement effect of casing on underwater explosion shock wave and bubble","authors":"Zhifan Zhang ,&nbsp;Jingyuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Hailong Li ,&nbsp;Gangwei Liu ,&nbsp;Longkan Wang ,&nbsp;Guiyong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The casing is a critical design factor for underwater weapons, significantly influencing the energy output of underwater explosion (UNDEX) charges. In this study, a numerical model for cased charge UNDEX was developed using the coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) method. To optimize the shock wave and bubble energy outputs, the effects of the thickness ratio <em>n</em> and casing material on load characteristics were systematically investigated, and optimal parameters were derived. First, the enhancement effects of the thickness ratio <em>n</em> on shock wave and bubble loads were examined at varying distance parameters <em>δ</em>. Subsequently, the influence of <em>n</em> on the spatial distribution of shock wave and bubble loads was analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) model. Four typical underwater weapon casing materials - Ti6%Al4%V, Cu-OFHC, Al 6061-T6, Q235 - were selected. Their impacts on key parameters, including peak shock wave overpressure, bubble radius, bubble period, bubble shape, and pulsation pressure, were thoroughly evaluated. This study aims to elucidate the spatial and temporal evolution laws of shock wave and bubble loads for different types of cased charges, providing insights into the design and optimization of underwater weapons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 104592"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143911513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a novel design of floating net cage with hybrid side and bottom nets in current","authors":"Zhi Wang ,&nbsp;Shuai Niu ,&nbsp;Can Cui ,&nbsp;Tianyu Gu ,&nbsp;Fuxiang Hu ,&nbsp;Dejun Feng ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Qu","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The floating cage system is the dominant technology used for marine aquaculture. While traditional HDPE cages with fiber nets have been extensively studied, it is important to highlight that research on the performance of floating cages equipped with metal nets, as well as those with hybrid metal-fiber nets, remains relatively limited. Based on flume experiments, we mainly investigated the net deformation and drag force of the square and octagonal cages featured with hybrid side and bottom nets in currents, together with the effect of bottom weight. The results indicate that increasing bottom weight effectively reduced cage deformation at lower flow velocities but became less effective at higher velocities, where the influence of flow velocity on drag was more significant. The use of a metal bottom net had a limited impact on cage performance, primarily due to the alignment of the bottom frame parallel to the water flow. Both HN-FN (hybrid fiber-wire and fiber net) and WN-FN (wire and fiber net) cages retain a similar volume of over 60 % at high flow velocities. However, the drag on WN-FN cages is significantly higher than that on HN-FN cages, indicating that the HN-FN configuration offers a more advantageous balance between structural stability and reduced drag under high flow conditions. Octagonal cages consistently outperform square cages at both lower and higher flow velocities, particularly excelling at higher velocities. However, square cages offer distinct advantages, such as simpler construction, easier maintenance, and improved water exchange. Moreover, the bottom frame and vertical wire ropes effectively regulate cage deformation and preserve structural integrity. These findings can provide valuable guidelines and recommendations for optimizing net system design to enhance performance under diverse flow conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 104563"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143894877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wave family climatology of the U.S. East and Gulf Coasts","authors":"Maria Venolia,&nbsp;Reza Marsooli","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dynamic complexity of the sea surface, characterized by the simultaneous presence of multiple wave systems, necessitates a detailed analysis beyond the scope of traditional integrated bulk wave parameters, which, in the case of multimodal seas, can provide inaccurate information. This research leverages spectral techniques to identify wave system populations - referred to as wave families - in order to investigate wave climatology along the U.S. East and Gulf coasts. Utilizing in-situ directional spectral buoy measurements from NOAA's National Data Buoy Center, the frequency-direction wave spectra are constructed using the maximum entropy method. The wave spectra are then partitioned into wave systems using the watershed algorithm, enabling the generation of the occurrence distribution of the spectral partitions’ peak energy density. The occurrence distribution at each buoy location is further partitioned to identify predominant wave families, each one with unique meteorological and geographical origins. Our analysis presents notable spatiotemporal variability in wave family characteristics, such as wave family significant wave height, wave period, and directional range, across different buoy locations and seasons, thus accentuating the complexity of wind-generated waves and their potential implications on coastal dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 104593"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143903885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on fluid-structure interaction vibration and bandgap properties of periodic composite hydraulic pipes","authors":"Fuming Zhou ,&nbsp;Jian Liao ,&nbsp;Lin He ,&nbsp;Zongbin Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaopeng Tan ,&nbsp;Yundong Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104587","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104587","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research incorporates the Bragg scattering mechanism in phononic crystal theory into fluid-structure interaction vibration suppression of hydraulic pipes. Based on steel pipes and hydraulic composite hoses, a periodic composite hydraulic pipe structure is developed, and its vibration and bandgap properties are investigated. Firstly, based on the anisotropic laminated shell theory, fluid dynamic equations and fluid-structure interaction boundary conditions, the one-dimensional fluid-structure interaction axial and transverse vibration models of the hydraulic composite hoses are derived. This model is compatible with the classical fluid-structure interaction model; specifically, when the pipe material is steel, it degenerates into the classical fluid-structure interaction 8-equation model. Secondly, the transfer matrix is constructed using the Laplace-characteristics method to solve the fluid-structure interaction model of the steel and hose-based periodic composite hydraulic pipes. By incorporating the Bloch wave vector theorem, the bandgaps and frequency response functions of the composite pipes are determined. The accuracy of the proposed method is validated by comparing the results with those from finite element simulations. On this basis, the influence of the fluid-structure interaction effect on bandgaps and vibration properties is investigated. Numerical results indicate that in the axial direction, Poisson coupling modulates the pulsation pressure and vibration wave vectors to form new bandgaps, while friction coupling has minimal impact on bandgaps but dissipates high-frequency vibration energy. In the transverse direction, the mass and inertia effects of the fluid shift the vibration bandgaps towards lower frequencies. Finally, the effects of fluid and pipe parameters on axial and transverse vibration bandgaps are examined. This research provides a novel and effective approach for vibration suppression in hydraulic pipes and offers valuable theoretical guidance for the engineering design of periodic composite hydraulic pipes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 104587"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel temperature-chain drifter for enhanced upper-ocean temperature observation","authors":"Jiangyan Fan ,&nbsp;Shuangxi Guo ,&nbsp;Chenjing Shang ,&nbsp;Pengqi Huang ,&nbsp;Guanghui Han ,&nbsp;Shengqi Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Shang","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces a novel temperature-chain drifter designed to address observational gaps in upper-ocean thermal monitoring. The system combines a self-stabilizing buoy with meteorological sensors, a sea surface conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) instrument, and a Kevlar-reinforced coaxial temperature chain capable of high-resolution vertical profiling (0–300 m). Real-time positioning and data transmission are achieved via BeiDou/Iridium satellite telemetry, while a solar-energy module ensures uninterrupted operation during observation period. This drifter was tested in a 30-day field deployment in the northern South China Sea with 20-minute sampling intervals and 80 % data transmission success. The results indicate that the drifter’s motion is driven by mesoscale eddy advection, inertial oscillations, tidal forcing, and internal waves. Temperature spectra from the drifter indicate the upper-ocean temperature is modulated by diurnal cooling, tides and internal waves. The advancements of this temperature-chain drifter establish a new paradigm for multi-parameter observation platforms, and it is particularly valuable for capturing dynamic processes in the upper ocean and air-sea interactions, especially during extreme weather events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 104581"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143894870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kernel adaptive filter-based channel prediction for adaptive underwater acoustic OFDMA system","authors":"Lei Liu ,&nbsp;Chao Ma ,&nbsp;Yong Duan ,&nbsp;Xinyu Liu ,&nbsp;Wanyuan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a dynamic adaptive forgetting sparse kernel recursive least squares (DAFS-KRLS) model for predicting time-varying underwater acoustic (UWA) channels and applies it to an adaptive orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) system. By introducing an offline-online joint training mechanism, the DAFS-KRLS model adapts to the time-varying nature of UWA channels, thereby improving the real-time performance and stability of channel prediction. Simulation and sea trial data are used to validate the DAFS-KRLS model, with comparisons to traditional recursive least squares (RLS), approximate linear dependency based KRLS (ALD-KRLS), and convolutional neural networks (CNN) combined with long short-term memory (LSTM) models (CNN-LSTM). Experimental results show that the DAFS-KRLS model achieves robust performance even with a smaller data volume, outperforming other models in accuracy and stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 104586"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143927433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orthogonal optimization and parameter analysis of the hydraulic combined seals for the marine crane","authors":"Chao Peng ,&nbsp;Sibo Jin ,&nbsp;Xin Zhang ,&nbsp;Hui Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhiqun Guo ,&nbsp;Xiaoping Ouyang","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydraulic systems are crucial in ship and offshore engineering, where the severe marine environment demands excellent sealing performance. This study focused on the combined seals widely used in marine cranes, aiming to optimize their performance by applying the orthogonal design method. An elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) model was employed for simulations and was subsequently validated using an experimental setup. The design of the simulation tests was meticulously planned using an <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>L</mi><mn>50</mn></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><msup><mn>5</mn><mn>11</mn></msup><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> orthogonal table. The results including friction and leakage metrics for combined seals with varying structural and material parameters, were comprehensively analyzed. This analysis allowed for identifying key factors that significantly influence the seal's friction and leakage performance. Through optimization efforts, the friction of the combined seal is reduced to 90.63 %, while the leakage rate is simultaneously decreased to 87.43 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 104595"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143921843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrodynamic loading analysis of an oscillating water column wave energy converter coupled with a land-fixed parabolic breakwater","authors":"Yu Zhou ,&nbsp;Dezhi Ning ,&nbsp;Robert Mayon","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The multi-functional integration of a parabolic breakwater and a Wave Energy Converter (WEC) can potentially focus wave energy and significantly enhance wave energy capture. However, the WEC is also subjected to the converging concentric wave interaction. The hydrodynamic loads associated with survivability are a critical concern that requires thorough investigation and improvement. This study focuses on the wave forces on an Oscillating Water Column (OWC) WEC coupled with a parabolic breakwater. Based on the time domain potential flow theory, a 2nd-order boundary element method was established to simulate the wave action with the multi-functional integrated system. Two carefully instrumented experiments analyzing the coupled parabolic breakwater and OWC device were developed to validate the numerical model. After that, the validated model is used to predict the nonlinear wave forces applied to the OWC by considering the effects of the environmental conditions and the geometric parameters. It is found that the resonant wave forces on the integrated system exceed three times the wave forces applied to an isolated device. The resonant frequencies of the surge and heave forces alternate at quarter-wavelength intervals. The 2nd-order wave force plays a significant role, even surpassing the contribution of the 1st-order waves in certain wave conditions. The pressure distributions on the OWC chamber wall are discussed, and the maximum pressure amplitude is located at the rear wall and near the still water level. The actual focal position associated with incident wavelength and direction notably influences the wave forces applied to the OWC device.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 104594"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143906588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Inclined Pullout Capacity of Suction Anchors in Clay-Silty sand-Clay Soil Deposits” [Applied Ocean Research Volume 158, May 2025]","authors":"Chuhao Long ,&nbsp;Rucong Liang ,&nbsp;Mi Zhou ,&nbsp;Jinhui Li ,&nbsp;Xihong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104568","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 104568"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144072633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accelerating coral rubble instability assessments with machine learning: insights from the Great Barrier Reef","authors":"Dongfang Liu,&nbsp;David P. Callaghan,&nbsp;Tom E. Baldock","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104580","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The stability of coral rubble is crucial for coral reef recovery since a stable coral rubble base is essential for coral regeneration. To enhance the effectiveness of coral reef restoration and to model the recovery and connectivity of coral reef ecosystems, it is crucial to predict coral rubble stability over extensive areas and long timeframes. The assessment of rubble instability on individual small-scale coral reefs can be calculated using physical-based models. However, these models are time consuming, limiting their ability to predict coral rubble instability over large spatial scales with high resolution. Here, the Random Forest machine learning algorithm is used to efficiently process large databases containing information on coral reef hydrodynamics and related coral rubble instability and provide estimates on the importance of specific variables in the classification of rubble as stable or unstable. Adopting a Random Forest model provides a significant advantage in addressing the non-linear problems inherent in risk assessment and significantly reducing the model calculation time. In this study, physics-based and Random Forest-based assessment models were adopted to evaluate coral rubble instability risk across the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), with the performance of the trained Random Forest model evaluated against the physics-based model. Seven hydrodynamic characteristics were selected, and 1.2 million physics-based model samples were utilised in the Random Forest model for training (70 %), validation (20 %) and testing (10 %). These samples include the southern, central, and northern reef areas of the Great Barrier Reef, ensuring that the model is comprehensively trained and capable of producing more accurate and reasonable prediction results. Results show that the Random Forest model reduces the prediction time by several order of magnitude compared to the physics-based model: assessing rubble instability in the entire GBR takes only two minutes with the Random Forest model. Additionally, the trained Random Forest model eliminates the resolution limitation: it can rapidly assess new cases irrespective of data resolution changes, without the need for recalculations, unlike physics-based models. Moreover, the Random Forest model enables broader application for assessing coral rubble instability beyond just the GBR. This is because the Random Forest model only requires relevant key factor data to assess coral rubble instability. Among all seven factors, mean depth has the greatest impact on the prediction results, with a Gini decrease index of 34 %. The Gini decrease index measures the importance of a factor by indicating how much it decreases the impurity in the data split; a higher value means greater importance. Other factors have indices around 10 %. Therefore, even in regions with limited data, rubble instability can be effectively assessed with only depth measurements and wave climate information. This study demonstrates ","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 104580"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143886381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}