Antiviral researchPub Date : 2024-05-11DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105905
Jingbo Huang , Weiqi Wang , Hailun Li , Yujie Bai , Yumeng Song , Cuicui Jiao , Hongli Jin , Pei Huang , Haili Zhang , Xianzhu Xia , Feihu Yan , Yuanyuan Li , Hualei Wang
{"title":"Three in one: An effective and universal vaccine expressing heterologous tandem RBD trimer by rabies virus vector protects mice against SARS-CoV-2","authors":"Jingbo Huang , Weiqi Wang , Hailun Li , Yujie Bai , Yumeng Song , Cuicui Jiao , Hongli Jin , Pei Huang , Haili Zhang , Xianzhu Xia , Feihu Yan , Yuanyuan Li , Hualei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105905","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105905","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rapid emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants, coupled with severe immune evasion and imprinting, has jeopardized the vaccine efficacy, necessitating urgent development of broad protective vaccines. Here, we propose a strategy employing recombinant rabies viruses (RABV) to create a universal SARS-CoV-2 vaccine expressing heterologous tandem receptor-binding domain (RBD) trimer from the SARS-CoV-2 Prototype, Delta, and Omicron strains (SRV-PDO). The results of mouse immunization indicated that SRV-PDO effectively induced cellular and humoral immune responses, and demonstrated higher immunogenicity and broader SARS-CoV-2 neutralization compared to the recombinant RABVs that only expressed RBD monomers. Moreover, SRV-PDO exhibited full protection against SARS-CoV-2 in the challenge assay. This study demonstrates that recombinant RABV expressing tandem RBD-heterotrimer as a multivalent immunogen could elicit a broad-spectrum immune response and potent protection against SARS-CoV-2, making it a promising candidate for future human or veterinary vaccines and offering a novel perspective in other vaccine design.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8259,"journal":{"name":"Antiviral research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140915785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antiviral researchPub Date : 2024-05-10DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105906
So-Eun Bae , Jin Won Choi , Ji-Woon Hong , Hyeri Ku , Kyu-Young Sim , Gwang-Hoon Ko , Dae Sik Jang , Sang Hee Shim , Sung-Gyoo Park
{"title":"A new compound, phomaherbarine A, induces cytolytic reactivation in epstein-barr virus-positive B cell lines","authors":"So-Eun Bae , Jin Won Choi , Ji-Woon Hong , Hyeri Ku , Kyu-Young Sim , Gwang-Hoon Ko , Dae Sik Jang , Sang Hee Shim , Sung-Gyoo Park","doi":"10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105906","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105906","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), the first virus found to induce cancer in humans, has been frequently detected in various types of B cell lymphomas. During its latent phase, EBV expresses a limited set of proteins crucial for its persistence. Induction of the lytic phase of EBV has shown promise in the treatment of EBV-associated malignancies. The present study assessed the ability of phomaherbarine A, a novel compound derived from the endophytic fungus <em>Phoma herbarum</em> DBE-M1, to stimulate lytic replication of EBV in B95-8 cells. Phomaherbarine A was found to efficiently initiate the expression of both early and late EBV lytic genes in B95-8 cells, with this initiation being further heightened by the addition of phorbol myristate acetate and sodium butyrate. Moreover, phomaherbarine A demonstrated notable cytotoxicity against the EBV-associated B cell lymphoma cell lines B95-8 and Raji. Mechanistically, phomaherbarine A induces apoptosis in these cells through the activation of caspase-3/7. When combined with ganciclovir, phomaherbarine A does not interfere with the reduction of viral replication by ganciclovir and sustains its apoptosis induction. In conclusion, these findings indicate that phomaherbarine A may be a promising candidate for therapeutic intervention in patients with EBV-associated B cell lymphomas.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8259,"journal":{"name":"Antiviral research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140911358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antiviral researchPub Date : 2024-05-10DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105901
Ian Carlosalberto Santisteban Celis , Nobuyuki Matoba
{"title":"Lectibodies as antivirals","authors":"Ian Carlosalberto Santisteban Celis , Nobuyuki Matoba","doi":"10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105901","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105901","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Growing concerns regarding the emergence of highly transmissible viral diseases highlight the urgent need to expand the repertoire of antiviral therapeutics. For this reason, new strategies for neutralizing and inhibiting these viruses are necessary. A promising approach involves targeting the glycans present on the surfaces of enveloped viruses. Lectins, known for their ability to recognize specific carbohydrate molecules, offer the potential for glycan-targeted antiviral strategies. Indeed, numerous studies have reported the antiviral effects of various lectins of both endogenous and exogenous origins. However, many lectins in their natural forms, are not suitable for use as antiviral therapeutics due to toxicity, other unfavorable pharmacological effects, and/or unreliable manufacturing sources. Therefore, improvements are crucial for employing lectins as effective antiviral therapeutics. A novel approach to enhance lectins’ suitability as pharmaceuticals could be the generation of recombinant lectin-Fc fusion proteins, termed “lectibodies.” In this review, we discuss the scientific rationale behind lectin-based antiviral strategies and explore how lectibodies could facilitate the development of new antiviral therapeutics. We will also share our perspective on the potential of these molecules to transcend their potential use as antiviral agents.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8259,"journal":{"name":"Antiviral research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140907849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antiviral researchPub Date : 2024-05-09DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105902
Sheila M. Keating , Brett W. Higgins
{"title":"New technologies in therapeutic antibody development: The next frontier for treating infectious diseases","authors":"Sheila M. Keating , Brett W. Higgins","doi":"10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105902","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Adaptive immunity to viral infections requires time to neutralize and clear viruses to resolve infection. Fast growing and pathogenic viruses are quickly established, are highly transmissible and cause significant disease burden making it difficult to mount effective responses, thereby prolonging infection. Antibody-based passive immunotherapies can provide initial protection during acute infection, assist in mounting an adaptive immune response, or provide protection for those who are immune suppressed or immune deficient. Historically, plasma-derived antibodies have demonstrated some success in treating diseases caused by viral pathogens; nonetheless, limitations in access to product and antibody titer reduce success of this treatment modality. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have proven an effective alternative, as it is possible to manufacture highly potent and specific mAbs against viral targets on an industrial scale. As a result, innovative technologies to discover, engineer and manufacture specific and potent antibodies have become an essential part of the first line of treatment in pathogenic viral infections. However, a mAb targeting a specific epitope will allow escape variants to outgrow, causing new variant strains to become dominant and resistant to treatment with that mAb. Methods to mitigate escape have included combining mAbs into cocktails, creating bi-specific or antibody drug conjugates but these strategies have also been challenged by the potential development of escape mutations. New technologies in developing antibodies made as recombinant polyclonal drugs can integrate the strength of poly-specific antibody responses to prevent mutational escape, while also incorporating antibody engineering to prevent antibody dependent enhancement and direct adaptive immune responses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8259,"journal":{"name":"Antiviral research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140907853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antiviral researchPub Date : 2024-05-08DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105904
Kabita Pandey , Arpan Acharya , Dhananjaya Pal , Prashant Jain , Kamal Singh , Donald L. Durden , Tatiana G. Kutateladze , Aniruddha J. Deshpande , Siddappa N. Byrareddy
{"title":"SRX3177, a CDK4/6-PI3K-BET inhibitor, in combination with an RdRp inhibitor, Molnupiravir, or an entry inhibitor MU-UNMC-2, has potent antiviral activity against the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2","authors":"Kabita Pandey , Arpan Acharya , Dhananjaya Pal , Prashant Jain , Kamal Singh , Donald L. Durden , Tatiana G. Kutateladze , Aniruddha J. Deshpande , Siddappa N. Byrareddy","doi":"10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105904","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105904","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite considerable progress in developing vaccines and antivirals to combat COVID-19, the rapid mutations of the SARS-CoV-2 genome have limited the durability and efficacy of the current vaccines and therapeutic interventions. Hence, it necessitates the development of novel therapeutic approaches or repurposing existing drugs that target either viral life cycle, host factors, or both. Here, we report that SRX3177, a potent triple-activity CDK4/6-PI3K-BET inhibitor, blocks replication of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant with IC<sub>50</sub> values at sub-micromolar concentrations without any impact on the cell proliferation of Calu-3 cells at and below its IC<sub>50</sub> concentration. When SRX3177 is combined with EIDD-1931 (active moiety of a small-molecule prodrug Molnupiravir) or MU-UNMC-2 (a SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitor) at a fixed doses matrix, a synergistic effect was observed, leading to the significant reduction in the dose of the individual compounds to achieve similar inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication. Herein, we report that the combination of SRX3177/MPV or SRX3177/UM-UNMC-2 has the potential for further development as a combinational therapy against SARS-CoV-2 and in any future outbreak of beta coronavirus.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8259,"journal":{"name":"Antiviral research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140904062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antiviral researchPub Date : 2024-05-07DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105903
Clarisse Salgado-Benvindo , Ali Tas , Jessika C. Zevenhoven-Dobbe , Yvonne van der Meer , Igor A. Sidorov , Anouk A. Leijs , Patrick Wanningen , Anne T. Gelderloos , Puck B. van Kasteren , Eric J. Snijder , Martijn J. van Hemert
{"title":"Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 replication in human H1299/ACE2 cells: A versatile and practical infection model for antiviral research and beyond","authors":"Clarisse Salgado-Benvindo , Ali Tas , Jessika C. Zevenhoven-Dobbe , Yvonne van der Meer , Igor A. Sidorov , Anouk A. Leijs , Patrick Wanningen , Anne T. Gelderloos , Puck B. van Kasteren , Eric J. Snijder , Martijn J. van Hemert","doi":"10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105903","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105903","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A range of cell culture infection models have been used to study SARS-CoV-2 and perform antiviral drug research. Commonly used African green monkey Vero, human lung-derived Calu-3 and ACE2+TMPRSS2-expressing A549 cells, each have their limitations. Here, we describe human ACE2-expressing H1299 lung cells as a more efficient and robust model for SARS-CoV-2 research. These cells are as easy to handle as Vero cells, support SARS-CoV-2 replication to high titers, display a functional innate immune response and are suitable for plaque assays, microscopy, the production of (genetically stable) virus stocks and antiviral assays. H1299/ACE2-based (CPE reduction) assays can be performed without adding a P-gP drug efflux pump inhibitor, which is often required in Vero-based assays. Moreover, H1299/ACE2 cells allowed us to perform CPE reduction assays with omicron variants that did not work in Vero-based assays. In summary, H1299/ACE2 cells are a versatile infection model to study SARS-CoV-2 replication in the context of antiviral drug development and virus-host interaction studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8259,"journal":{"name":"Antiviral research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166354224001128/pdfft?md5=92fc4a305322f2a32bfbc7a993302019&pid=1-s2.0-S0166354224001128-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140896993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antiviral researchPub Date : 2024-05-04DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105900
Xian Li , Zhong-wang Zhang , Fu-dong Zhang , Jia-hao Li , Jian-liang Lv , Li-Ping Zhang , Kai-ge Zhai , Yong-Lu Wang , Hui-chen Guo , Xin-sheng Liu , Li Pan
{"title":"Double synergic chitosan-coated poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanospheres loaded with nucleic acids as an intranasally administered vaccine delivery system to control the infection of foot-and-mouth disease virus","authors":"Xian Li , Zhong-wang Zhang , Fu-dong Zhang , Jia-hao Li , Jian-liang Lv , Li-Ping Zhang , Kai-ge Zhai , Yong-Lu Wang , Hui-chen Guo , Xin-sheng Liu , Li Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105900","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105900","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background & aims</h3><p>The spread of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) through aerosol droplets among cloven-hoofed ungulates in close contact is a major obstacle for successful animal husbandry. Therefore, the development of suitable mucosal vaccines, especially nasal vaccines, to block the virus at the initial site of infection is crucial.</p></div><div><h3>Patients and methods</h3><p>Here, we constructed eukaryotic expression plasmids containing the T and B-cell epitopes (pTB) of FMDV in tandem with the molecular mucosal adjuvant Fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor 3 ligand (Flt3 ligand, FL) (pTB-FL). Then, the constructed plasmid was electrostatically attached to mannose-modified chitosan-coated poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanospheres (MCS-PLGA-NPs) to obtain an active nasal vaccine targeting the mannose-receptor on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The MCS-PLGA-NPs loaded with pTB-FL not only induced a local mucosal immune response, but also induced a systemic immune response in mice. More importantly, the nasal vaccine afforded an 80% protection rate against a highly virulent FMDV strain (AF72) when it was subcutaneously injected into the soles of the feet of guinea pigs.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The nasal vaccine prepared in this study can effectively induce a cross-protective immune response against the challenge with FMDV of same serotype in animals and is promising as a potential FMDV vaccine.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8259,"journal":{"name":"Antiviral research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140847768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antiviral researchPub Date : 2024-05-03DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105899
Hancheng Guan , Manunya Nuth , Richard W. Scott , Michael H. Parker , Eric D. Strobel , Allen B. Reitz , John L. Kulp III , Robert P. Ricciardi
{"title":"Potency of a small molecule that targets the molluscum contagiosum virus processivity factor increases when conjugated to a tripeptide","authors":"Hancheng Guan , Manunya Nuth , Richard W. Scott , Michael H. Parker , Eric D. Strobel , Allen B. Reitz , John L. Kulp III , Robert P. Ricciardi","doi":"10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105899","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We recently developed compound <strong>FC-7269</strong> for targeting the Molluscum contagiosum virus processivity factor (mD4) and demonstrated its ability to inhibit viral processive DNA synthesis <em>in vitro</em> and cellular infection of an mD4-dependent virus (<em>Antiviral Res 211, 2023,105520</em>). However, despite a thorough medicinal chemistry campaign we were unable to generate a potent second analog as a requisite for drug development. We overcame this impasse, by conjugating a short hydrophobic trivaline peptide to <strong>FC-7269</strong> to produce <strong>FC-TriVal-7269</strong> which significantly increased antiviral potency and reduced cellular toxicity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8259,"journal":{"name":"Antiviral research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140822855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antiviral researchPub Date : 2024-04-29DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105898
Xiaochun Liu , Yanqing Wang , Lishan Sun , Guokai Xiao , Ning Hou , Jin Chen , Wei Wang , Ximing Xu , Yuchao Gu
{"title":"Screening and optimization of shark nanobodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD","authors":"Xiaochun Liu , Yanqing Wang , Lishan Sun , Guokai Xiao , Ning Hou , Jin Chen , Wei Wang , Ximing Xu , Yuchao Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105898","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105898","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>SARS-CoV-2 continues to threaten human health, antibody therapy is one way to control the infection. Because new SARS-CoV-2 mutations are constantly emerging, there is an urgent need to develop broadly neutralizing antibodies to block the viral entry into host cells. VNAR from sharks is the smallest natural antigen binding domain, with the advantages of small size, flexible paratopes, good stability, and low manufacturing cost. Here, we used recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike-RBD to immunize sharks and constructed a VNAR phage display library. VNAR R1C2, selected from the library, efficiently binds to the RBD domain and blocks the infection of ACE2-positive cells by pseudovirus. Next, homologous bivalent VNARs were constructed through the tandem fusion of two R1C2 units, which enhanced both the affinity and neutralizing activity of R1C2. R1C2 was predicted to bind to a relatively conserved region within the RBD. By introducing mutations at four key binding sites within the CDR3 and HV2 regions of R1C2, the affinity and neutralizing activity of R1C2 were significantly improved. Furthermore, R1C2 also exhibits an effective capacity of binding to the Omicron variants (BA.2 and XBB.1). Together, these results suggest that R1C2 could serve as a valuable candidate for preventing and treating SARS-CoV-2 infections.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8259,"journal":{"name":"Antiviral research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140849040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antiviral researchPub Date : 2024-04-27DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105897
Irene Arduino , Rachele Francese , Andrea Civra , Elisa Feyles , Monica Argenziano , Marco Volante , Roberta Cavalli , Ali M. Mougharbel , Ulrich Kortz , Manuela Donalisio , David Lembo
{"title":"Polyoxometalate exerts broad-spectrum activity against human respiratory viruses hampering viral entry","authors":"Irene Arduino , Rachele Francese , Andrea Civra , Elisa Feyles , Monica Argenziano , Marco Volante , Roberta Cavalli , Ali M. Mougharbel , Ulrich Kortz , Manuela Donalisio , David Lembo","doi":"10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105897","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Human respiratory viruses have an enormous impact on national health systems, societies, and economy due to the rapid airborne transmission and epidemic spread of such pathogens, while effective specific antiviral drugs to counteract infections are still lacking. Here, we identified two Keggin-type polyoxometalates (POMs), [TiW<sub>11</sub>CoO<sub>40</sub>]<sup>8-</sup> (TiW<sub>11</sub><em>Co</em>) and [Ti<sub>2</sub>PW<sub>10</sub>O<sub>40</sub>]<sup>7-</sup> (Ti<sub>2</sub>PW<sub>10</sub>), endowed with broad-spectrum activity against enveloped and non-enveloped human respiratory viruses, i.e., coronavirus (HCoV-OC43), rhinovirus (HRV-A1), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV-A2), and adenovirus (AdV-5). Ti<sub>2</sub>PW<sub>10</sub> showed highly favorable selectivity indexes against all tested viruses (SIs >700), and its antiviral potential was further investigated against human coronaviruses and rhinoviruses. This POM was found to inhibit replication of multiple HCoV and HRV strains, in different cell systems. Ti<sub>2</sub>PW<sub>10</sub> did not affect virus binding or intracellular viral replication, but selectively inhibited the viral entry. Serial passaging of virus in presence of the POM revealed a high barrier to development of Ti<sub>2</sub>PW<sub>10</sub>-resistant variants of HRV-A1 or HCoV-OC43. Moreover, Ti<sub>2</sub>PW<sub>10</sub> was able to inhibit HRV-A1 production in a 3D model of the human nasal epithelium and, importantly, the antiviral treatment did not determine cytotoxicity or tissue damage. A mucoadhesive thermosensitive <em>in situ</em> hydrogel formulation for nasal delivery was also developed for Ti<sub>2</sub>PW<sub>10</sub>. Overall, good biocompatibility on cell lines and human nasal epithelia, broad-spectrum activity, and absence of antiviral resistance development reveal the potential of Ti<sub>2</sub>PW<sub>10</sub> as an antiviral candidate for the development of a treatment of acute respiratory viral diseases, warranting further studies to identify the specific target/s of the polyanion and assess its clinical potential.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8259,"journal":{"name":"Antiviral research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166354224001062/pdfft?md5=a5008755a6d9f34094cd40242e88115e&pid=1-s2.0-S0166354224001062-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140815600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}