Antiviral research最新文献

Meeting Report of the 37th International Conference on Antiviral Research in Gold Coast, Australia, May 20-24, 2024, organized by the International Society for Antiviral Research. 国际抗病毒研究学会于 2024 年 5 月 20-24 日在澳大利亚黄金海岸举办的第 37 届国际抗病毒研究大会的会议报告。

IF 4.5 2区医学

Antiviral research Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.106037

Stephen R Welch, John P Bilello, Kara Carter, Leen Delang, Larissa Dirr, David Durantel, Joy Y Feng, Brian B Gowen, Lara J Herrero, Zlatko Janeba, Gerald Kleymann, Alpha A Lee, Chris Meier, Jennifer Moffat, Luis M Schang, Joshua T Schiffer, Katherine L Seley-Radtke, Timothy P Sheahan, Jessica R Spengler

{"title":"Meeting Report of the 37th International Conference on Antiviral Research in Gold Coast, Australia, May 20-24, 2024, organized by the International Society for Antiviral Research.","authors":"Stephen R Welch, John P Bilello, Kara Carter, Leen Delang, Larissa Dirr, David Durantel, Joy Y Feng, Brian B Gowen, Lara J Herrero, Zlatko Janeba, Gerald Kleymann, Alpha A Lee, Chris Meier, Jennifer Moffat, Luis M Schang, Joshua T Schiffer, Katherine L Seley-Radtke, Timothy P Sheahan, Jessica R Spengler","doi":"10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.106037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.106037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 37<sup>th</sup> International Conference on Antiviral Research (ICAR) was held in Gold Coast, Australia, May 20-24, 2024. ICAR 2024 featured over 75 presentations along with two poster sessions and special events, including those specifically tailored for trainees and early-career scientists. The meeting served as a platform for the exchange of cutting-edge research, with presentations and discussions covering novel antiviral compounds, vaccine development, clinical trials, and therapeutic advancements. A comprehensive array of topics in antiviral science was covered, from the latest breakthroughs in antiviral drug development to innovative strategies for combating emerging viral threats. The keynote presentations provided fascinating insight into two diverse areas fundamental to medical countermeasure development and use, including virus emergence at the human-animal interface and practical considerations for bringing antivirals to the clinic. Additional sessions addressed a variety of timely post-pandemic topics, such as the hunt for broad spectrum antivirals, combination therapy, pandemic preparedness, application of in silico tools and AI in drug discovery, the virosphere, and more. Here, we summarize all the presentations and special sessions of ICAR 2024 and introduce the 38<sup>th</sup> ICAR, which will be held in Las Vegas, USA, March 17-21, 2025.</p>","PeriodicalId":8259,"journal":{"name":"Antiviral research","volume":" ","pages":"106037"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142613929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The anti-tumor efficacy of a recombinant oncolytic herpes simplex virus mediated CRISPR/Cas9 delivery targeting in HPV16-positive cervical cancer. 重组单纯疱疹病毒介导的 CRISPR/Cas9 递送靶向药物对 HPV16 阳性宫颈癌的抗肿瘤疗效。

IF 4.5 2区医学

Antiviral research Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.106035

Zongfeng Hu, Wenqi Liu, Jiajia Liu, Hua Zhou, Chunyang Sun, ChaoTian, Xiaona Guo, Chengyang Zhu, Mingxia Shao, Shengrun Wang, Lijun Wei, Min Liu, Shuzhen Li, Jinyu Wang, Haitian Xu, Wei Zhu, Xiaopeng Li, Jingfeng Li

{"title":"The anti-tumor efficacy of a recombinant oncolytic herpes simplex virus mediated CRISPR/Cas9 delivery targeting in HPV16-positive cervical cancer.","authors":"Zongfeng Hu, Wenqi Liu, Jiajia Liu, Hua Zhou, Chunyang Sun, ChaoTian, Xiaona Guo, Chengyang Zhu, Mingxia Shao, Shengrun Wang, Lijun Wei, Min Liu, Shuzhen Li, Jinyu Wang, Haitian Xu, Wei Zhu, Xiaopeng Li, Jingfeng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.106035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.106035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cervical cancer, often driven by high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections such as HPV16 or HPV18, remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. HPV16, found in about 90% of cervical cancer patients, harbors key oncogenic related genes (E6, E7, E2, E5) and an upstream regulatory region (URR) that contribute to cancer progression. This study introduces a novel approach using a recombinant oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) named SONC103, armed with a CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system. The aim was to target and disrupt integrated HPV16 genes in cervical cancer cells. Results demonstrated SONC103's capability to specifically and effectively knock down HPV16 oncogenes, thereby reducing cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. Analyses further revealed loss of HPV16 DNA probes in infected cells' chromosomes, significant regulation of cellular processes related to tumor apoptosis, and downregulation of E6/E7 oncoproteins while increasing tumor suppressor proteins P53 and pRB. Notably, SONC103 exhibited substantial inhibition of tumor growth in a murine xenograft cervical cancer model. This study showcases the potential of the recombinant oncolytic HSV-1 virus (SONC103) in combating HPV16-positive cervical cancer by targeting oncogenes and facilitating oncolysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8259,"journal":{"name":"Antiviral research","volume":" ","pages":"106035"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142613932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A rapid and versatile reverse genetic approach and visualization animal models for emerging zoonotic pseudorabies virus 针对新出现的人畜共患伪狂犬病病毒的快速多用途反向遗传方法和可视化动物模型。

IF 4.5 2区医学

Antiviral research Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.106036

Yu Zhang , Xiangtong Li , Juan Zhang , Yueyue Duan , Peibin Chen , Lei Shi , Cong Yuan , Liyan Cao , Maowen Sun , Yating Wang , Xiangyu Kong , Haixue Zheng , Qi Wang

{"title":"A rapid and versatile reverse genetic approach and visualization animal models for emerging zoonotic pseudorabies virus","authors":"Yu Zhang , Xiangtong Li , Juan Zhang , Yueyue Duan , Peibin Chen , Lei Shi , Cong Yuan , Liyan Cao , Maowen Sun , Yating Wang , Xiangyu Kong , Haixue Zheng , Qi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.106036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.106036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pseudorabies virus (PRV), a member of the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily and a causative pathogen of Aujeszky's disease, has a broad host range including domestic and wild animals. PRV has been reported as a causative agent in patients with acute encephalitis in 2021, which suggests PRV might be a novel animal-origin virus in terms of zoonotic spillover and spread potential. To manage current PRV epidemics in pigs and prepare for future pandemics in other species including humans. Fundamental techniques essential for procuring such knowledge on prevention and therapy of PRV. Here, PRV CD22 strain was isolated and phylogenetic analysis showed that PRV CD22 belongs to the current epidemic strains in China. PRV CD22 was highly lethal to mice and piglets in vivo. Moreover, a rapid and efficient system to generate recombinant PRV was constructed based on PRV CD22 genomic DNA fosmid library. Using this system, a recombinant PRV strain expressing engineered labeling protein was rescued for visualization of viral infection in mouse model. Our study allows the generation of PRV that can be used for downstream treatment analyses. Once experimental or surveillance samples are obtained, PRV can be generated and treated efficiently based on our study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8259,"journal":{"name":"Antiviral research","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 106036"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142613933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effects of Remdesivir's functional groups on its antiviral potency and resistance against the SARS-CoV-2 polymerase. 雷米替韦的官能团对其抗病毒效力和抗 SARS-CoV-2 聚合酶能力的影响。

IF 4.5 2区医学

Antiviral research Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.106034

Bhawna Sama, Barbara Selisko, Camille Falcou, Véronique Fattorini, Géraldine Piorkowski, Franck Touret, Kim Donckers, Johan Neyts, Dirk Jochmans, Ashleigh Shannon, Bruno Coutard, Bruno Canard

{"title":"The effects of Remdesivir's functional groups on its antiviral potency and resistance against the SARS-CoV-2 polymerase.","authors":"Bhawna Sama, Barbara Selisko, Camille Falcou, Véronique Fattorini, Géraldine Piorkowski, Franck Touret, Kim Donckers, Johan Neyts, Dirk Jochmans, Ashleigh Shannon, Bruno Coutard, Bruno Canard","doi":"10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.106034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.106034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Remdesivir (RDV, Veklury®) is the first FDA-approved antiviral treatment for COVID-19. It is a nucleotide analogue (NA) carrying a 1'-cyano (1'-CN) group on the ribose and a pseudo-adenine nucleobase whose contributions to the mode of action (MoA) are not clear. Here, we dissect these independent contributions by employing RDV-TP analogues. We show that while the 1'-CN group is directly responsible for transient stalling of the SARS-CoV-2 replication/transcription complex (RTC), the nucleobase plays a role in the strength of this stalling. Conversely, RNA extension assays show that the 1'-CN group plays a role in fidelity and that RDV-TP can be incorporated as a GTP analogue, albeit with lower efficiency. However, a mutagenic effect by the viral polymerase is not ascertained by deep sequencing of viral RNA from cells treated with RDV. We observe that once added to the 3' end of RNA, RDV-MP is sensitive to excision and its 1'-CN group does not impact its nsp14-mediated removal. A >14-fold RDV-resistant SARS-CoV-2 isolate can be selected carrying two mutations in the nsp12 sequence, S759A and A777S. They confer both RDV-TP discrimination over ATP by nsp12 and stalling during RNA synthesis, leaving more time for excision-repair and potentially dampening RDV efficiency. We conclude that RDV presents a multi-faced MoA. It slows down or stalls overall RNA synthesis but is efficiently repaired from the primer strand, whereas once in the template, read-through inhibition adds to this effect. Its efficient incorporation may corrupt proviral RNA, likely disturbing downstream functions in the virus life cycle.</p>","PeriodicalId":8259,"journal":{"name":"Antiviral research","volume":" ","pages":"106034"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142602890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Berberine promotes K48-linked polyubiquitination of HNF4α, leading to the inhibition of HBV replication 小檗碱能促进与 K48 链接的 HNF4α 多泛素化，从而抑制 HBV 复制。

IF 4.5 2区医学

Antiviral research Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.106027

Atsuya Yamashita , Hirotake Kasai , Shinya Maekawa , Tomohisa Tanaka , Yasunori Akaike , Akihide Ryo , Nobuyuki Enomoto , Kohji Moriishi

{"title":"Berberine promotes K48-linked polyubiquitination of HNF4α, leading to the inhibition of HBV replication","authors":"Atsuya Yamashita , Hirotake Kasai , Shinya Maekawa , Tomohisa Tanaka , Yasunori Akaike , Akihide Ryo , Nobuyuki Enomoto , Kohji Moriishi","doi":"10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.106027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.106027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current antiviral agents for the treatment of chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) do not completely remove covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) and integrated viral DNA fragments from patients. Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from various plants and has been reported to inhibit the replication of various types of DNA. In this study, we tested the effects of berberine and its derivatives on HBV infection. Berberine inhibited viral core promoter activity at the highest level among the compounds tested and suppressed HBV production and cccDNA synthesis in primary human hepatocytes and HBV-infected HepG2-NTCP cells at an EC<sub>50</sub> value of 3.6 μM and a CC<sub>50</sub> value of over 240.0 μM. Compared with other viral promoter activities, berberine treatment potently downregulated core promoter activity and reduced protein levels, but not RNA levels, of hepatic nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α), which primarily enhances enhancer II/core promoter activity. Furthermore, berberine treatment enhanced K<sup>48</sup>-linked, but not K<sup>63</sup>-linked, polyubiquitination and subsequent proteasome-dependent degradation of HNF4α. These results suggest that berberine enhances the polyubiquitination- and proteasome-dependent degradation of HNF4α and then inhibits HBV replication via the suppression of core promoter activity. The development of antiviral agents based on berberine may contribute to the amelioration of HBV-related disorders, regardless of the presence of residual cccDNA or integrated viral DNA fragments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8259,"journal":{"name":"Antiviral research","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 106027"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Replication capacity and susceptibility of nirmatrelvir-resistant mutants to next-generation Mpro inhibitors in a SARS-CoV-2 replicon system 在 SARS-CoV-2 复制子系统中 Nirmatrelvir 抗性突变体的复制能力和对新一代 Mpro 抑制剂的敏感性。

IF 4.5 2区医学

Antiviral research Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.106022

Chieh-Wen Lo , Omri Kariv , Chenzhou Hao , Karen Anbro Gammeltoft , Jens Bukh , Judith Gottwein , Michael Westberg , Michael Z. Lin , Shirit Einav

{"title":"Replication capacity and susceptibility of nirmatrelvir-resistant mutants to next-generation Mpro inhibitors in a SARS-CoV-2 replicon system","authors":"Chieh-Wen Lo , Omri Kariv , Chenzhou Hao , Karen Anbro Gammeltoft , Jens Bukh , Judith Gottwein , Michael Westberg , Michael Z. Lin , Shirit Einav","doi":"10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.106022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.106022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is an ongoing need to expand the anti-SARS-CoV-2 armamentarium to include agents capable of suppressing replication of drug-resistant mutants emerging during monotherapy with approved direct-acting antivirals. Using a subgenomic SARS-CoV-2 replicon system, we studied the RNA replication capacity of nirmatrelvir (NTV)-resistant mutants and their susceptibility to next-generation Mpro inhibitors, including ibuzatrelvir (ITV), ensitrelvir (ETV), and ML2006a4. Our findings revealed that E166V Mpro mutants reduced viral RNA replication, whereas other Mpro mutations retained or increased the replication capacity, suggesting the potential of the latter to dominate under NTV selective pressure. Except for having an advantage against E166A mutants, ITV largely showed the same mutational sensitivity as NTV. ETV was more effective than NTV against E166V mutants but less effective against S144A, E166A, and L167F mutants. ML2006a4 demonstrated the most effective suppression across most mutants (S144A, E166V, S144A + L50F, E166 A/V + L50F, L167F + L50F, and E166A + L167F + L50F). Thus, ML2006a4 represents an attractive investigational candidate against clinically relevant NTV-resistant SARS-CoV-2 mutants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8259,"journal":{"name":"Antiviral research","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 106022"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142456784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Novel intercellular spread mode of respiratory syncytial virus contributes to neutralization escape 呼吸道合胞病毒的新型细胞间传播模式有助于中和逃逸。

IF 4.5 2区医学

Antiviral research Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.106023

Wei Zhang , Xue Lin , Zhi-Yong Li , Lu-Jing Zhang , Li Chen , Yong-Peng Sun , Jun-Yu Si , Min Zhao , Guang-Hua Wu , Lu-Ting Zhan , Kun-Yu Yang , Rui-Luan You , Ying-Bin Wang , Ning-Shao Xia , Zi-Zheng Zheng

{"title":"Novel intercellular spread mode of respiratory syncytial virus contributes to neutralization escape","authors":"Wei Zhang , Xue Lin , Zhi-Yong Li , Lu-Jing Zhang , Li Chen , Yong-Peng Sun , Jun-Yu Si , Min Zhao , Guang-Hua Wu , Lu-Ting Zhan , Kun-Yu Yang , Rui-Luan You , Ying-Bin Wang , Ning-Shao Xia , Zi-Zheng Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.106023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.106023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing widely used respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines remains a significant challenge, despite the recent authorization of two pre-F vaccines for elderly adults. Previous reports have suggested that even when vaccine-induced immunity generates high titers of potent neutralizing antibodies targeting the pre-F protein, it may not fully inhibit breakthrough of RSV infections. This incomplete inhibition of RSV breakthrough infections can lead to an increased risk of enhanced respiratory disease (ERD) in vaccinated individuals. The reasons why potent neutralizing antibodies cannot fully prevent RSV breakthrough infections are not yet clear. In an attempt to explain this phenomenon, we investigated the effect of potent neutralizing antibodies on the intercellular spread of RSV. Our findings indicated that a specific titer of potent neutralizing antibodies, such as 5C4, could block certain modes of intercellular spread, such as the diffusion of cell-free virions and the delivery of virions through filopodia. However, these antibodies did not fully inhibit the entire process of intercellular spread. Through the use of super-resolution imaging techniques, we observed a novel and efficient spread mode called the transition of viral materials through intercellular nanotubes (TVMIN), independent of virions and insensitive to the presence of antibodies. TVMIN allowed RSV-infected cells to directly transfer viral materials to neighboring cells via intercellular nanotubes that are rich in microfilaments. TVMIN began as early as 5 h post-infection (h.p.i.) and rapidly initiated infection in recipient cells. Our data provided new insights into the intercellular spread of RSV and might help explain the occurrence of breakthrough infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8259,"journal":{"name":"Antiviral research","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 106023"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Discovery of ZFD-10 of a pyridazino[4,5-b]indol-4(5H)-one derivative as an anti-ZIKV agent and a ZIKV NS5 RdRp inhibitor” [Antivir. Res. 214 (2023) 105607] 对 "发现哒嗪并[4,5-b]吲哚-4(5H)-酮衍生物 ZFD-10 作为抗 ZIKV 药物和 ZIKV NS5 RdRp 抑制剂 "的更正[Antivir. Res. 214 (2023) 105607]。

IF 4.5 2区医学

Antiviral research Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.106025

Guang-Feng Zhou , Weiyi Qian , Feng Li , Ren-Hua Yang , Na Wang , Chang-Bo Zheng , Chun-Yan Li , Xue-Rong Gu , Liu-Meng Yang , Jinsong Liu , Si-Dong Xiong , Guo-Chun Zhou , Yong-Tang Zheng

引用次数: 0

Oral 3CL protease inhibitor ensitrelvir suppressed SARS-CoV-2 shedding and infection in a hamster aerosol transmission model 口服 3CL 蛋白酶抑制剂 ensitrelvir 可抑制仓鼠气溶胶传播模型中 SARS-CoV-2 的脱落和感染。

IF 4.5 2区医学

Antiviral research Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.106026

Masaaki Nakashima , Haruaki Nobori , Takayuki Kuroda , Alice Shimba , Satoshi Miyagawa , Akane Hayashi , Kazumi Matsumoto , Mei Yoshida , Kaoru Baba , Teruhisa Kato , Keita Fukao

{"title":"Oral 3CL protease inhibitor ensitrelvir suppressed SARS-CoV-2 shedding and infection in a hamster aerosol transmission model","authors":"Masaaki Nakashima , Haruaki Nobori , Takayuki Kuroda , Alice Shimba , Satoshi Miyagawa , Akane Hayashi , Kazumi Matsumoto , Mei Yoshida , Kaoru Baba , Teruhisa Kato , Keita Fukao","doi":"10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.106026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.106026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remain a major global health challenge, with aerosol transmission being the primary route of spread. The use of antivirals as medical countermeasures to control SARS-CoV-2 transmission and spread is promising but remains to be clarified. The current study established and used an <em>in vivo</em> hamster aerosol transmission model system to evaluate the efficacy of the protease inhibitor ensitrelvir to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Male Index Syrian hamsters were intranasally infected with SARS-CoV-2, paired with naïve Contact hamsters, and co-housed for 12 h under conditions to allow for only aerosol transmission. The Index hamsters were treated three times with ensitrelvir starting 8 h post infection, or the Contact hamsters were treated once with ensitrelvir 12 h prior to co-housing. Viral infection and transmission were monitored by evaluating nasal lavage fluid, lung tissues, and body and lung weights. Post-infection administration of ensitrelvir to Index hamsters suppressed virus shedding in a dose-dependent manner. Pre-exposure administration of 750 mg/kg ensitrelvir to naïve Contact hamsters also protected against aerosol SARS-CoV-2 infection in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, pre-exposure treatment of 750 mg/kg ensitrelvir supressed body weight loss and lung weight increase of aerosol infected hamsters compared to vehicle-treated hamsters. These findings suggest that ensitrelvir may prevent SARS-CoV-2 spread when administered to infected patients and may prevent or limit SARS-CoV-2 infection when prophylactically administered to non-infected individuals. Both approaches may help protect at-risk individuals, such as family members living with SARS-CoV-2-infected patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8259,"journal":{"name":"Antiviral research","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 106026"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142543353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

SiRNAs as antiviral drugs – Current status, therapeutic potential and challenges 作为抗病毒药物的 SiRNA - 现状、治疗潜力和挑战。

IF 4.5 2区医学

Antiviral research Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.106024

Trairong Chokwassanasakulkit , Victor Baba Oti , Adi Idris , Nigel AJ. McMillan

引用次数: 0