Research in economic history最新文献

Private Banking and Financial Networks in the Crown of Aragon during the Fourteenth Century 14世纪阿拉贡王国的私人银行和金融网络

Research in economic history Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.1108/s0363-326820210000037004

Albert Reixach Sala

引用次数: 1

The Parliamentary Subsidy on Knights' Fees and Incomes of 1431: A Study on the Fiscal Administration of an Abortive English Tax Experiment 1431年议会对骑士费用和收入的补贴:英国税收失败的财政管理研究

Research in economic history Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.1108/s0363-326820210000037002

Alex Brayson

{"title":"The Parliamentary Subsidy on Knights' Fees and Incomes of 1431: A Study on the Fiscal Administration of an Abortive English Tax Experiment","authors":"Alex Brayson","doi":"10.1108/s0363-326820210000037002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/s0363-326820210000037002","url":null,"abstract":"The experimental parliamentary subsidy on knights' fees and freehold incomes from lands and rents of 1431 was the only English direct lay tax of the Middle Ages which broke down. As such, this subsidy has a clear historiographical significance, yet previous scholars have tended to overlook it on the grounds that parliament's annulment act of 1432 mandated the destruction of all fiscal administrative evidence. Many county assessments from 1431–1432 do, however, survive and are examined for the first time in this article as part of a detailed assessment of the fiscal and administrative context of the knights' fees and incomes tax. This impost constituted a royal response to excess expenditures associated with Henry VI's “Coronation Expedition” of 1429–1431, the scale of which marked a decisive break from the fiscal-military strategy of the 1420s. Widespread confusion regarding whether taxpayers ought to pay the feudal or the non-feudal component of the 1431 subsidy characterized its botched administration. Industrial scale under-assessment, moreover, emerged as a serious problem. Officials' attempts to provide a measure of fiscal compensation by unlawfully double-assessing many taxpayers served to increase administrative confusion and resulted in parliament's annulment act of 1432. This had serious consequences for the crown's finances, since the regime was saddled with budgetary and debt problems which would ultimately undermine the solvency of the Lancastrian state.","PeriodicalId":82471,"journal":{"name":"Research in economic history","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48867190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Pieter Stadnitski Sharpens the Axe: A Revolutionary Research Report on American Sovereign Finance, 1787 Pieter Stadnitski锋利的斧头：美国主权金融的革命性研究报告，1787年

Research in economic history Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.1108/s0363-326820210000037005

P. T. Veru

{"title":"Pieter Stadnitski Sharpens the Axe: A Revolutionary Research Report on American Sovereign Finance, 1787","authors":"P. T. Veru","doi":"10.1108/s0363-326820210000037005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/s0363-326820210000037005","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most important, least-known documents of the American Revolution was a 25-page pamphlet published in Amsterdam early in 1787: An Explanatory Message Concerning the Funds by Pieter Stadnitski.\u0000\u00001\u0000\u0000 Within a year of its publication Peter Stadnitski's Message quite literally revolutionized American sovereign finance. My paper will summarize in detail the report's content and analyze its arguments in light of Dutch archival materials including deeds, newspaper reports, and letters, as well as congressional records from American sources. It will describe what Dutch investors knew (and did not know) of the state of American public finance and American political landscape, and the Dutch financial community's view of the American future. Its essential argument is that thanks initially to Stadnitski's persuasive case and ultimately to the success of the trusts he pioneered, Dutch investment specialists came to see the American republic as a safe haven at a time that Dutch Republic's own future seemed increasingly perilous. If their dream of achieving a new Golden Age through trade and investment with the new nation ultimately proved illusory, the effects of Dutch capital in creating financial stability for the United States government and igniting the first peacetime economic expansion in American history were revolutionary indeed.","PeriodicalId":82471,"journal":{"name":"Research in economic history","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43548239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Early Fertility Decline in the United States: Tests of Alternative Hypotheses using New IPUMS Complete-Count Census Microdata and Enhanced County-Level Data. 美国早期生育率下降:使用新的IPUMS全计数人口普查微数据和增强的县级数据对替代假设的检验。

Research in economic history Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-09-30

J David Hacker, Michael R Haines, Matthew Jaremski

{"title":"Early Fertility Decline in the United States: Tests of Alternative Hypotheses using New IPUMS Complete-Count Census Microdata and Enhanced County-Level Data.","authors":"J David Hacker, Michael R Haines, Matthew Jaremski","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The U. S. fertility transition in the nineteenth century is unusual. Not only did it start from a very high fertility level and very early in the nation's development, but it also took place long before the nation's mortality transition, industrialization, and urbanization. This paper assembles new county-level, household-level, and individual-level data, including new complete-count IPUMS microdata databases of the 1830-1880 censuses, to evaluate different theories for the nineteenth-century American fertility transition. We construct cross-sectional models of net fertility for currently-married white couples in census years 1830-1880 and test the results with a subset of couples linked between the 1850-1860, 1860-1870, and 1870-1880 censuses. We find evidence of marital fertility control consistent with hypotheses as early as 1830. The results indicate support for several different but complementary theories of the early U.S. fertility decline, including the land availability, conventional structuralist, ideational, child demand/quality-quantity tradeoff, and life-cycle savings theories.</p>","PeriodicalId":82471,"journal":{"name":"Research in economic history","volume":"37 ","pages":"89-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9409409/pdf/nihms-1818712.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33441828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

When the Race between Education and Technology Goes Backward: The Postbellum Decline of White School Attendance in the Southern US 当教育和技术之间的竞赛倒退:战后美国南部白人入学率的下降

Research in economic history Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1108/s0363-326820210000037001

Hoyt Bleakley, Sok Chul Hong

{"title":"When the Race between Education and Technology Goes Backward: The Postbellum Decline of White School Attendance in the Southern US","authors":"Hoyt Bleakley, Sok Chul Hong","doi":"10.1108/s0363-326820210000037001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/s0363-326820210000037001","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines a sharp decline of school attendance among white children in the Southern US after the Civil War. According to Census data, the school-attendance rate among whites in the Confederate states declined by almost half from 1860 to 1870, whereas that in the Northern states was approximately stable. This shock left the South approximately three decades behind its antebellum trend. We use micro data to examine a variety of hypotheses for this drop. In statistical terms, the decline is related to the postwar drop in local wealth and public-school income. Yet our analysis shows that the relationship between literacy and school attendance appears to be quite stable preand post-war, which suggests for only a minor role for a drop in school quality (or constraints on time in school). As supporting evidence, we show that the return to schooling, measured by the wage premium for skilled workers, declined substantially in the South after the War. Using longitudinally-linked census samples, we show that well-educated Southerners migrated out of the South among cohorts who attended schools after the War.","PeriodicalId":82471,"journal":{"name":"Research in economic history","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62305282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Household-level Deflation Inequality in Denmark during the Great Depression 大萧条时期丹麦家庭水平的通货紧缩不平等

Research in economic history Pub Date : 2019-08-26 DOI: 10.1108/S0363-326820190000035002

K. Abildgren

{"title":"Household-level Deflation Inequality in Denmark during the Great Depression","authors":"K. Abildgren","doi":"10.1108/S0363-326820190000035002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/S0363-326820190000035002","url":null,"abstract":"Empirical studies on household-level inflation inequality have so far only focused on periods with positive inflation rates. However, the major concern on the policy agenda since the most recent financial crisis has been deflation rather than inflation. This naturally raises the question regarding the effect of deflation on the distribution of real income when households spend their budget on different consumption bundles. This chapter compiles annual household-level inflation rates in Denmark from 1930 to 1935 based on microdata from the Expenditure and Saving Survey of 1931 and price data from the official Retail Price Index. The results indicate that lower-income households faced a larger decline in prices on their consumption of goods and services during the deflation years 1930–1932 than higher-income households did. The deflation thus contributed to narrowing the difference in real incomes between the top and bottom parts of the income distribution during the recession. In the years 1933–1935 with positive inflation rates, the lower-income households experienced higher inflation rates than higher-income households. Over the period 1930–1935 seen as a whole, the price development contributed slightly to reducing real income inequality. The low degree of medium-term persistence of differences in household-specific inflation rates is consistent with previous findings in various time periods from the 1960s to the 2000s without any persistent deflation events. The chapter at hand is the first empirical study of the direct distributional effects of price developments at the household level in a period with persistent deflation.","PeriodicalId":82471,"journal":{"name":"Research in economic history","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/S0363-326820190000035002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45609693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Populists at the Polls: Economic Factors in the US Presidential Election of 1896 民意测验中的民粹主义者:1896年美国总统选举中的经济因素

Research in economic history Pub Date : 2019-08-26 DOI: 10.1108/S0363-326820190000035006

Barry Eichengreen, M. Haines, Matthew S. Jaremski, David Leblang

引用次数: 4

Banque de France’s Shareholders (1800–1945): Passive Petit-Rentiers 法兰西银行的股东(1800-1945):被动的小食利者

Research in economic history Pub Date : 2019-08-26 DOI: 10.1108/S0363-326820190000035007

Arnaud Manas

{"title":"Banque de France’s Shareholders (1800–1945): Passive Petit-Rentiers","authors":"Arnaud Manas","doi":"10.1108/S0363-326820190000035007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/S0363-326820190000035007","url":null,"abstract":"Before it was fully nationalized in 1945, the Banque de France was a listed company that distributed dividends to its shareholders and was listed on the Paris stock exchange. By comparing with other stocks and indexes, I show that, in spite of large earnings, Banque de France’s stock was a lackluster but popular investment. By examining the distribution of profits between the state and ordinary shareholders, I show that the state began to exert an influence over the Bank well before its nationalization, in the nineteenth century, amounting to a stealthy takeover. I then go on to analyze the Bank’s formal governance framework and the power of its regents (directors). Using a novel method to compute the shareholders’ statistical distribution, I conclude that small new shareholders who were less sophisticated bought predominantly shares from old larger shareholders. Eventually, most of the shareholders were “petit-bourgeois” passive rentiers who accepted the mediocre performance and kept reelecting the regents. I conclude by saying that the power of the 200 largest shareholders (“200 families”) was a political myth with little foundation in reality.","PeriodicalId":82471,"journal":{"name":"Research in economic history","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/S0363-326820190000035007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47402514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Scattered Land, Scattered Risks? Harvest Variations on Open Fields and Enclosed Land in Southern Sweden C. 1750–1850 分散的土地，分散的风险？瑞典南部开阔地和封闭土地上的收获变化C.1750–1850

Research in economic history Pub Date : 2019-08-26 DOI: 10.1108/S0363-326820190000035008

L. Nyström

引用次数: 1

Business Week, the Great Depression, and the Coming of Keynesianism to America☆ 《商业周刊》、大萧条和凯恩斯主义进入美国

Research in economic history Pub Date : 2019-08-26 DOI: 10.1108/S0363-326820190000035003

Ranjit S. Dighe

引用次数: 0