Anthropology & Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Healing myths, yoga styles and social bodies: socio-logics of yoga as a health practice in the socially stratified city of Marseille, France.","authors":"Mahé Ben Hamed","doi":"10.1080/13648470.2021.1949963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13648470.2021.1949963","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drawing on participant observation and interviews in two yoga studios in the highly socially stratified city of Marseille, France, this paper explores the understandings of yoga as a health practice that emerge at the intersections between yoga styles and their social contexts of consumption. Its insights emerge from the comparison of three modern yoga styles that were developed for Western English-speaking cultural contexts - Iyengar, Bikram and Forrest - and which differ in form but also in the chronology of their emergence on the global yoga market and that of their reception in France. These three yoga styles are also branded through contrasting mythologies of transformational healing, and the aim of this paper is to explore how a brand conceptualization of yoga as a health practice relates to or resonates with the embodied experiences of practitioners, and to the socio-cultural contexts in which practitioners and their practices are embedded. The paper contributes a new case study to the global yoga scholarship and to a poorly studied French yoga scene, but more importantly, it cross-examines the discourses through which a yoga style is branded, the way it is transmitted, and the social context and social positioning of the individuals who practice it. Combining perspectives on the body, narrative and rituals, it identifies how yoga healing is construed in relation to gender, ethnicity and class and the points of consensus and dissent that emerge from the encounters between French social bodies and exogenous yoga styles.</p>","PeriodicalId":8240,"journal":{"name":"Anthropology & Medicine","volume":"28 3","pages":"374-394"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13648470.2021.1949963","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39209876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yoga bodies, yoga minds: contextualising the health discourses and practices of modern postural yoga.","authors":"Alison Shaw,&nbsp;Esra S Kaytaz","doi":"10.1080/13648470.2021.1949943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13648470.2021.1949943","url":null,"abstract":"This special issue of Anthropology and Medicine explores yoga’s recent, rapid, global expansion as a health and wellness practice. The global yoga industry is currently estimated to be worth 88 billion dollars annually, and to have some 300 million practitioners, mainly in India, but also in the United States and Europe where yoga consumption and revenue has roughly doubled in the past eight years (Zuckerman 2020). Today, yoga’s myriad forms offer practitioners a combination of postural work, breathing, and meditative techniques with the overall aim of improving health, strength, fitness, and a sense of wellbeing. Drawing on research in in India, Europe, North America, Canada, Japan, and online spaces, this special issue examines some of the contexts and localities where yoga is practiced, exploring who takes it up, what motivates them to do so, and how yoga is understood to influence health and wellbeing. The contributors to this special issue are scholars who participated in our panel on Yoga Bodies at the Association of Social Anthropologists’ Conference on Sociality, Matter, and the Imagination: Re-creating Anthropology held at the University of Oxford in September 2018. The panel was concerned with exploring the diverse ways in which the biological, social and material converge in the creation of ‘yoga bodies’. While aspects of the body provided the starting point for each presentation, ideas about health, wellbeing or living a ‘good life’ emerged as a central thread across almost all of the papers. We therefore decided to develop the theme of health and wellbeing for this special issue. In this Introduction, we start by giving some historical background to understanding yoga’s current global popularity as a practice for health and wellbeing. Without attempting a comprehensive review, we select from the modern yoga scholarship aspects of this history that may be unfamiliar to non-specialist readers and may counter some current stereotypes: that yoga is an ancient Hindu or pre-Hindu practice with a linear unchanging history; that yoga is an essentially feminine practice of gentle stretching and relaxation; and that yoga is the product of the Californian counterculture of the 1960s. That there is some truth in these stereotypes may help explain yoga’s current myriad forms and some of the tensions between them. However, the recent scholarship complicates these views and establishes that yoga has a multilinear and transnational history (Alter 2004; Singleton 2010; Newcombe 2019). It shows that modern postural yoga emerged as a contemporary practice for health and wellbeing only within the ‘just-past of the present’, as Joseph Alter puts it – that is, over the past approximately 100-150 years – through the interactive effects of the international physical culture movement, Hindu nationalism, gender, naturopathy, and science (2004, xvi). Below we indicate some key themes in this complex, intriguing, and sometimes surprising story.","PeriodicalId":8240,"journal":{"name":"Anthropology & Medicine","volume":"28 3","pages":"279-296"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13648470.2021.1949943","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39258314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A wellbeing skill: moving attentively in hospital yoga practice.","authors":"Krzysztof Bierski","doi":"10.1080/13648470.2021.1949941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13648470.2021.1949941","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Yoga is sometimes interpreted as medical therapy and the evidence from biomedical research indicates that it can be useful in a broad range of health conditions. Yoga, however, can also be pursued as a process-oriented contemplative practice. This article draws on participant observation-based research with yoga practitioners at two hospitals, one in Pondicherry, India, and one in Fukui, Japan. It explores how patients and their families at these healthcare institutions are invited to move without anticipating an outcome and to cultivate attitudes such as contentment and non-violence. Taking cues from research participants' approaches to yoga as a skill and from anthropological understandings of skill, yoga is considered here as a capacity of moving with awareness. A skill-based approach allows practitioners to try out yogic techniques according to their personal abilities and needs. The analysis suggests that, in the contexts discussed, yoga practitioners pursue wellbeing not as an individual therapeutic goal but as mutual explorative learning.</p>","PeriodicalId":8240,"journal":{"name":"Anthropology & Medicine","volume":"28 3","pages":"341-358"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13648470.2021.1949941","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39208409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The health imaginary of postural yoga.","authors":"Beatrix Hauser","doi":"10.1080/13648470.2021.1949962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13648470.2021.1949962","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper explores the capacity of yoga narratives and practices to contribute to and relate ideas about health. It adds theoretically to existing literature on yoga by introducing the concept of the 'health imaginary' as an analytic lens for considering yoga discourses in late modern times, where personal health care and spiritual ambitions are once again becoming blurred. With this perspective, the paper provides a thorough analysis of how yoga postures (<i>asana</i>s) are conceived to work therapeutically, in yoga's recent history and in present-day yoga therapy. Taking case studies from India and Germany, it is shown empirically how the application of <i>asana</i>s is rationalized differently in specific geographical and therapeutic environments - particularly regarding the presumed theory of the body. Thus, the concept of the health imaginary not only provides analytic space to explore the implicit logics and goals of healing in different contexts, but also offers clues about the distinct social, cultural/religious, and local influences that draw people into yoga and contribute to its selective appropriation across the globe.</p>","PeriodicalId":8240,"journal":{"name":"Anthropology & Medicine","volume":"28 3","pages":"297-319"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13648470.2021.1949962","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39209843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treating risk, risking treatment: experiences of iatrogenesis in the HIV/AIDS and opioid epidemics.","authors":"Lauren Textor,&nbsp;William Schlesinger","doi":"10.1080/13648470.2021.1926916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13648470.2021.1926916","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper explores how poor health outcomes in the HIV/AIDS and opioid epidemics in the United States are undergirded by iatrogenesis. Data are drawn from two projects in Southern California: one among men who have sex with men (MSM) engaging with pre-exposure prophylaxis to HIV (PrEP) and the other in a public hospital system encountering patients with chronic pain and opioid use disorder (OUD). Ethnographic evidence demonstrates how efforts to minimize risk via PrEP and opioid prescription regulation paradoxically generate new forms of risk. Biomedical risk management paradigms engaged across the paper's two ethnographic field sites hinge on the production and governance of deserving patienthood, which is defined by providers and experienced by patients through moral judgments about risk underlying both increased surveillance and abandonment. This paper argues that the logic of deservingness disconnects clinical evaluations of risk from patients' lived, intersectional experiences of race, class, gender, and sexuality. This paper's analysis thus re-locates patients in the context of broader historical and sociopolitical trajectories to highlight how notions of clinical risk designed to protect patients can in fact imperil them. Misalignment between official, clinical constructions of risk and the embodied experience of risk borne by patients produces iatrogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8240,"journal":{"name":"Anthropology & Medicine","volume":"28 2","pages":"239-254"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13648470.2021.1926916","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39054647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Against settler colonial iatrogenesis: Inuit resistance to treatment in Indian Hospitals in Canada.","authors":"Kara Granzow","doi":"10.1080/13648470.2021.1929832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13648470.2021.1929832","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Canada's program to examine, transfer and treat Indigenous and Inuit peoples with tuberculosis in Indian Hospitals (ca. 1936 and 1969) has generally been framed by official narratives of population health, benevolence, and care. However, letters written by Inuit patients in Indian hospitals and their kin, and which were addressed to government officials and translated by government employees, challenge this assumption. By focusing on the harmful effects of the segregation and long-term detainment of Inuit peoples away from their communities, the letters theorize TB treatment as multiply harmful and iatrogenic. The letters also showcase how Inuit peoples resisted Indian Hospital treatment and articulated the need for care and treatment to occur within a network of intimate relations, rather than in distant sanatoriums.</p>","PeriodicalId":8240,"journal":{"name":"Anthropology & Medicine","volume":"28 2","pages":"156-171"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13648470.2021.1929832","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39126259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From iatrogenic harm to iatrogenic violence: corruption and the end of medicine.","authors":"Leah M Ashe","doi":"10.1080/13648470.2021.1932415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13648470.2021.1932415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper seizes Ivan Illich's recurring notion of <i>corruption</i> to reflect on medicine's immanent spiral of maleficence. For Illich, the institutionalization of any 'good' necessarily corrupts it, and the institutionalization of health and care under the tutoring hand of medicine has produced counterproductive consequences on every plane. The paper explores the nemetic character of contemporary biomedicine - whose growth in technique has meant a corresponding growth in its capacity for corruption and harm - in an autoethnographic project that apprises and names the escalation from <i>iatrogenic harm</i> to <i>iatrogenic violence</i> that the author discovered at two UK hospitals in 2014. In January, she went to the hospital for a colonoscopy; in November, she finally left, disabled and unmade. In the interim, she suffered infection, sepsis, pneumonia, cardiac arrest, and - worst of all - a factitious psychiatrizing diagnosis embedded in spiralling loops of iatrogenic harm. By reflecting critically on this experience, interlocuting personal memory and writings with doctors' inscribed notes and insights from medical anthropology, the paper elucidates an iatrogenic spiral, showing how unknowable bodies pose an insurmountable epistemic and existential challenge to medicine's technic mandate, how medicine locates and uses an 'epistemic escape valve' in the face of such challenges, and how snowballing nosocomial harm escalates into brutality and vice. The argument, in short, is that iatrogenic <i>violence</i> (destructive, subjective or agentic, and <i>intentional</i>) is the natural endpoint of iatrogenic <i>harm</i> (destructive but objective or systemic, and <i>unintentional</i>).</p>","PeriodicalId":8240,"journal":{"name":"Anthropology & Medicine","volume":"28 2","pages":"255-275"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39281456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iatrogenic trainwrecks and moral injury.","authors":"Anita Chary,&nbsp;David Flood","doi":"10.1080/13648470.2021.1929831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13648470.2021.1929831","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Opioids, a set of potent pain medications, have numerous known deleterious side effects, ranging from constipation to respiratory depression and death, and yet they are routinely prescribed and administered in biomedical settings. Situated against the backdrop of the US opioid epidemic, this paper examines how the iatrogenic and inadvertent harms and complications caused by opioid administration in clinical settings are experienced by clinicians as forms of moral injury. 'Moral injury' describes a moral agent's experience of perpetrating or being unable to prevent events that are at odds with their moral beliefs and social expectations. This concept powerfully extends Illich's notion of clinical iatrogenesis, which refers to harms experienced by patients; instead, 'moral injury' indexes forms of harm that extend beyond patients to those providing them care. Using an analytic auto-ethnographic approach based on more than a decade of clinical practice in urban hospitals in the Midwestern and Northeastern United States, the authors describe interactions with patients on opioids whose treatment trajectories are fraught with iatrogenic complications, and explore how biomedical institutions and systems further harm vulnerable patients who receive and are addicted to opioids. Though anxious to avoid harming their patients, clinicians are disempowered by hierarchical systems of medical decision-making, which hinder their ability to always act in what they feel are the patient's best interests. This paper highlights the emotional/affective distress and ambivalence experienced by physicians when making decisions about whether to administer or prescribe opioids. Ultimately, the paper demonstrates how iatrogenesis and moral injury are concomitantly produced through cascades of decision-making and local health systems, rather than individual clinical decisions alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":8240,"journal":{"name":"Anthropology & Medicine","volume":"28 2","pages":"223-238"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13648470.2021.1929831","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39037810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultural conformity and cannabis care in the wake of intractable pediatric epilepsy.","authors":"Elisa J Sobo","doi":"10.1080/13648470.2021.1893583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13648470.2021.1893583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biomedicine controls seizures for many children with epilepsy - but not all. In such cases, parents struggle in the wake of various structural, cultural, and corporeal ruptures. Continued use of ineffective medications can lead, iatrogenically, to frightening and serious symptoms and debilitations whose effects, along with those of uncontrolled seizures, ripple outward in challenging ways. Using data from 25 Californian (US) parents who favored providing cannabis to their ill children to meet the iatrogenic burdens of biomedical epilepsy treatments in 2015, well before cannabis's present destigmatization, this paper explores parental refiguration of the effects of clinical iatrogenesis as inevitable - and as productive of evidence necessary to finding better options. In attending to the generative dimensions of iatrogenesis, this paper strives to help clarify the dilemma for parents who critique biomedicine's isolating, materialist, and sometimes apparently haphazard approach to their children, but depend on biomedical and associated systems for their family's well-being nonetheless. Along the way, this paper underscores raced and gendered dimensions of their experiences. Rather than rejecting biomedicine, most hung on tightly, blaming the uncontrolled seizures and their aftermath on a lag in 'the science' and pointing to the cultural idea that every child is unique in explaining their own children's non-responsiveness to treatment thus far. Likewise, they worked to determine effective cannabis regimens with scientised rigour. However, in the end - and in keeping with a culture of (male) Whiteness - stigmatisation, fatigue from chronic care provision, faith in science, and a need for a biomedically-mediated form of social belonging underwrote a majority desire for cannabis's incorporation into the official biomedical pharmacopeia.</p>","PeriodicalId":8240,"journal":{"name":"Anthropology & Medicine","volume":"28 2","pages":"205-222"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13648470.2021.1893583","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38983835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ode to Leah.","authors":"Susan Greenhalgh","doi":"10.1080/13648470.2021.1926917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13648470.2021.1926917","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8240,"journal":{"name":"Anthropology & Medicine","volume":"28 2","pages":"276-278"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13648470.2021.1926917","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39243608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}