Anthropology & Medicine最新文献

{"title":"The issue is not 'compliance': exploring exposure to malaria vector bites through social dynamics in Burkina Faso.","authors":"Federica Guglielmo,&nbsp;Hilary Ranson,&nbsp;N'falé Sagnon,&nbsp;Caroline Jones","doi":"10.1080/13648470.2021.1884185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13648470.2021.1884185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Credited with averting almost 68% of new cases between 2000 and 2015, insecticide-treated bednets (ITNs) are one of the most efficacious malaria-prevention tools. Their effectiveness, however, depends on if and how they are used, making 'compliance' (and the social factors affecting it) a key area of interest for research on malaria transmission. This article situates the notion of compliance with 'bednet use' within everyday practices in an area of south-west Burkina Faso with high malaria transmission. By drawing on ethnographic fieldwork conducted between 2017 and 2018, it critically describes the precarious micro-environments that foreground bednet use-from gender and age to the means of (re)production of social and labour conditions-and assesses the bednets' effectiveness and community uptake. Bednet use stems from concrete, ordinary dynamics that interweave only apparently at the margins of the time individuals most need to be protected by a net. This work conceptualises 'compliance' beyond binary indicators of intervention uptake and locates 'use' as the result of contingent assemblages.</p>","PeriodicalId":8240,"journal":{"name":"Anthropology & Medicine","volume":"28 4","pages":"508-525"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13648470.2021.1884185","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38967444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'There is no sick leave at the university': how sick leave constructs the good employee.","authors":"Chrystal Jaye,&nbsp;Geoff Noller,&nbsp;Lauralie Richard,&nbsp;Claire Amos","doi":"10.1080/13648470.2020.1814988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13648470.2020.1814988","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper examines the role of sick leave in constructing the identity of a good worker. The setting is a public funded New Zealand university. Within a qualitative research design, interviews were conducted with a range of employees and managers about their use and management of sick leave. Sick leave entitlements, use, and management encompass moral discourses that impact upon worker identity. Normalising discourses generated by compliance to bureaucratic demands and norms of productivity and performance in the neoliberalised workplace are constitutive to the construct of the good employee as reflected by the appropriate use and recording of sick leave. Conversely, the respectful, authentic, compliant and productive worker is constitutive of its opposite - the difficult employee. The construct of the difficult employee positions conformity and self-management of sick leave as strong moral imperatives. Managers were generally supportive of workers' efforts to self-manage sick leave with consideration for university commitments and were flexible around work hours, but this would in turn position them as deviant to institutional pathways of managing sick leave, with tensions between humanistic and authoritarian management.</p>","PeriodicalId":8240,"journal":{"name":"Anthropology & Medicine","volume":"28 4","pages":"461-476"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13648470.2020.1814988","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38520592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transnational spirituality and healing: an ethnographic exploration of alternative medicine in Lisbon and Athens.","authors":"Eugenia Roussou","doi":"10.1080/13648470.2021.1888870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13648470.2021.1888870","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In contemporary Portugal and Greece, the number of individuals who resort to alternative medicine continues to rise. From yoga, meditation and energy therapies to healing based on various religio-spiritual traditions, there is a variety of therapeutic practices one can choose from. The main objective of this paper is to show how a therapeutic and spiritual pluralism is produced through the implementation of transnational influences on spirituality and healing. It investigates the diverse ways in which the practice of spirituality through healing leads to a better understanding of how current processes of globalisation, transnationalism and multiculturalism affect, develop and negotiate one's individual, social, spiritual and medical identity. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in Lisbon and Athens, the Portuguese and Greek capital equivalently, the paper explores the pluralistic and transnational character of alternative medicine and the spiritual creativity with which such therapies are practised. Taking the role of the (spiritual) holistic practitioner as healer as a point of departure, it provides an empirical account of the shifting status of both religiosity and healthcare in two southern European countries that are still followed by the stereotype of being predominantly linked to Christianity as the denominational religion, and to biomedicine as the predominant healthcare system.</p>","PeriodicalId":8240,"journal":{"name":"Anthropology & Medicine","volume":"28 4","pages":"493-507"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13648470.2021.1888870","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39147917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When the trial ends: moral experiences of caregiving in a randomized controlled trial in Goa, India.","authors":"Angela Leocata,&nbsp;Arthur Kleinman,&nbsp;Vikram Patel","doi":"10.1080/13648470.2021.1893656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13648470.2021.1893656","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This is an ethnographic study that examines the experiences of peer counsellors in the Thinking Healthy Programme Peer-delivered (THPP), a randomized controlled trial of a psychological intervention for perinatal depression in Goa, India. Based on nine months of fieldwork from 2015 to 2017 and through caregiving theories posited by one of us, we examine how caregiving is experienced by peer counsellors in a randomized controlled trial, a context in which care is given for a finite period and is removed at the study's end. Analysis of our data generated three themes: caregiving as a reciprocated process that impacts peer counsellor and participant; memories of care, with attention to the space that caregiving occupies in the memories and subjectivities of peer counsellors; and the end of the trial as experienced as a removal of care in the community of the counsellors. We posit that the moral aspects of caregiving are particularly important for peer counsellors, and that the context of randomized controlled trials is central to these moral experiences, particularly at the trial's end, when peer counsellors are asked to end care that, in many cases, remains expressed as needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":8240,"journal":{"name":"Anthropology & Medicine","volume":"28 4","pages":"526-542"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39706086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decolonising the medical curriculum: psychiatry faces particular challenges.","authors":"Patrick Bracken,&nbsp;Suman Fernando,&nbsp;Sara Alsaraf,&nbsp;Michael Creed,&nbsp;Duncan Double,&nbsp;Tom Gilberthorpe,&nbsp;Rukyya Hassan,&nbsp;Sushrut Jadhav,&nbsp;Prem Jeyapaul,&nbsp;Diana Kopua,&nbsp;Megan Parsons,&nbsp;James Rodger,&nbsp;Derek Summerfield,&nbsp;Philip Thomas,&nbsp;Sami Timimi","doi":"10.1080/13648470.2021.1949892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13648470.2021.1949892","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colonial thinking runs deep in psychiatry. Recent anti-racist statements from the APA and RCPsych are to be welcomed. However, we argue that if it is to really tackle deep-seated racism and decolonise its curriculum, the discipline will need to critically interrogate the origins of some of its fundamental assumptions, values and priorities. This will not be an easy task. By its very nature, the quest to decolonise is fraught with contradictions and difficulties. However, we make the case that this moment presents an opportunity for psychiatry to engage positively with other forms of critical reflection on structures of power/knowledge in the field of mental health. We propose a number of paths along which progress might be made.</p>","PeriodicalId":8240,"journal":{"name":"Anthropology & Medicine","volume":"28 4","pages":"420-428"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13648470.2021.1949892","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39204304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bodies in yoga: tangled discourses in Canadian studios.","authors":"Cassandre Campeau-Bouthillier","doi":"10.1080/13648470.2021.1949961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13648470.2021.1949961","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper presents the preliminary results of a one and a half-year ethnographic study conducted in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. The research focused on participants' experiences of their bodies in the context of yoga as a health practice-specifically how they conceptualised their musculoskeletal bodies in this practice through ideas of systems, fragments, and materiality. It argues that participants' larger narratives about health and healthy bodies inform how yoga as a health practice is embedded in discourses of body work where yoga, health, and particular notions of bodily-ness become a project for the transformation of the self into a particular idea of what a body is or should be.</p>","PeriodicalId":8240,"journal":{"name":"Anthropology & Medicine","volume":"28 3","pages":"359-373"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13648470.2021.1949961","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39209840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'A tool to help me through the darkness': suffering and healing among teacher-practitioners of Ashtanga yoga.","authors":"Alison Shaw","doi":"10.1080/13648470.2021.1949942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13648470.2021.1949942","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Yoga is widely regarded as beneficial for physical and emotional health, and as a safe ancillary intervention for managing a range of psychological conditions. Evidence of injury, harm, and abuse in yoga traditions is difficult to square with this emphasis on healing. Drawing mainly from on online memoirs by long-term practitioners of Ashtanga yoga, this paper examines the relationship between suffering and healing in yoga, showing how long-term abuse can be perpetuated and injury sustained in a system widely understood and labelled by its practitioners as therapeutic. The paper argues that elements of healing and harm are present in the rituals of practice, the concepts that support it, and the power structure of the Ashtanga system. The system's organizational dynamics together with a therapeutic discourse that links suffering to its transcendence enabled the same kinds of abuse and trauma that Ashtanga yoga is purported to heal. The analysis raises questions about the overarching narrative of yoga as safe and healthy, and about the connections between healing and harm within therapeutic traditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8240,"journal":{"name":"Anthropology & Medicine","volume":"28 3","pages":"320-340"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13648470.2021.1949942","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39209844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Being alone together: yoga, bodywork, and intimate sociality in American households.","authors":"Tess Bird","doi":"10.1080/13648470.2021.1949960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13648470.2021.1949960","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Using ethnographic data from Providence County, Rhode Island, this paper explores yoga as a bodywork practice that is part of everyday health and wellbeing routines in middle class households. In this context, participants define their bodywork practices as individual activities that answer health and wellbeing needs, but notably discuss bodywork in terms of their everyday social experience. Along with other bodywork activities, yoga emerges as a shared social practice that links participants to their partners, children, and other intimates, facilitating a sense of togetherness by allowing time and space for autonomy. By giving atmospheric and sensory attention to the ethnographic data, the paper further reveals how domestic intimacy is cultivated via the generation of bodily heat and positive energies and that yoga may tacitly facilitate such atmospheres. In this way, yoga can help households meet an American need for self-development and autonomy while still facilitating a far more enduring human need for intimate connection. Ultimately yoga is characterized as a pragmatic bodywork practice that blends self-development and social intimacy through shared energetic encounters.</p>","PeriodicalId":8240,"journal":{"name":"Anthropology & Medicine","volume":"28 3","pages":"395-410"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13648470.2021.1949960","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39258819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healing myths, yoga styles and social bodies: socio-logics of yoga as a health practice in the socially stratified city of Marseille, France.","authors":"Mahé Ben Hamed","doi":"10.1080/13648470.2021.1949963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13648470.2021.1949963","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drawing on participant observation and interviews in two yoga studios in the highly socially stratified city of Marseille, France, this paper explores the understandings of yoga as a health practice that emerge at the intersections between yoga styles and their social contexts of consumption. Its insights emerge from the comparison of three modern yoga styles that were developed for Western English-speaking cultural contexts - Iyengar, Bikram and Forrest - and which differ in form but also in the chronology of their emergence on the global yoga market and that of their reception in France. These three yoga styles are also branded through contrasting mythologies of transformational healing, and the aim of this paper is to explore how a brand conceptualization of yoga as a health practice relates to or resonates with the embodied experiences of practitioners, and to the socio-cultural contexts in which practitioners and their practices are embedded. The paper contributes a new case study to the global yoga scholarship and to a poorly studied French yoga scene, but more importantly, it cross-examines the discourses through which a yoga style is branded, the way it is transmitted, and the social context and social positioning of the individuals who practice it. Combining perspectives on the body, narrative and rituals, it identifies how yoga healing is construed in relation to gender, ethnicity and class and the points of consensus and dissent that emerge from the encounters between French social bodies and exogenous yoga styles.</p>","PeriodicalId":8240,"journal":{"name":"Anthropology & Medicine","volume":"28 3","pages":"374-394"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13648470.2021.1949963","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39209876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yoga bodies, yoga minds: contextualising the health discourses and practices of modern postural yoga.","authors":"Alison Shaw,&nbsp;Esra S Kaytaz","doi":"10.1080/13648470.2021.1949943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13648470.2021.1949943","url":null,"abstract":"This special issue of Anthropology and Medicine explores yoga’s recent, rapid, global expansion as a health and wellness practice. The global yoga industry is currently estimated to be worth 88 billion dollars annually, and to have some 300 million practitioners, mainly in India, but also in the United States and Europe where yoga consumption and revenue has roughly doubled in the past eight years (Zuckerman 2020). Today, yoga’s myriad forms offer practitioners a combination of postural work, breathing, and meditative techniques with the overall aim of improving health, strength, fitness, and a sense of wellbeing. Drawing on research in in India, Europe, North America, Canada, Japan, and online spaces, this special issue examines some of the contexts and localities where yoga is practiced, exploring who takes it up, what motivates them to do so, and how yoga is understood to influence health and wellbeing. The contributors to this special issue are scholars who participated in our panel on Yoga Bodies at the Association of Social Anthropologists’ Conference on Sociality, Matter, and the Imagination: Re-creating Anthropology held at the University of Oxford in September 2018. The panel was concerned with exploring the diverse ways in which the biological, social and material converge in the creation of ‘yoga bodies’. While aspects of the body provided the starting point for each presentation, ideas about health, wellbeing or living a ‘good life’ emerged as a central thread across almost all of the papers. We therefore decided to develop the theme of health and wellbeing for this special issue. In this Introduction, we start by giving some historical background to understanding yoga’s current global popularity as a practice for health and wellbeing. Without attempting a comprehensive review, we select from the modern yoga scholarship aspects of this history that may be unfamiliar to non-specialist readers and may counter some current stereotypes: that yoga is an ancient Hindu or pre-Hindu practice with a linear unchanging history; that yoga is an essentially feminine practice of gentle stretching and relaxation; and that yoga is the product of the Californian counterculture of the 1960s. That there is some truth in these stereotypes may help explain yoga’s current myriad forms and some of the tensions between them. However, the recent scholarship complicates these views and establishes that yoga has a multilinear and transnational history (Alter 2004; Singleton 2010; Newcombe 2019). It shows that modern postural yoga emerged as a contemporary practice for health and wellbeing only within the ‘just-past of the present’, as Joseph Alter puts it – that is, over the past approximately 100-150 years – through the interactive effects of the international physical culture movement, Hindu nationalism, gender, naturopathy, and science (2004, xvi). Below we indicate some key themes in this complex, intriguing, and sometimes surprising story.","PeriodicalId":8240,"journal":{"name":"Anthropology & Medicine","volume":"28 3","pages":"279-296"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13648470.2021.1949943","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39258314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}