Annals of clinical and laboratory science最新文献

{"title":"Circ_0001490/miR-330-3p/RCAN1 Signaling Defines a ceRNA Network Associated with Rheumatic Heart Disease Progression.","authors":"Xiaoliang Chen, Kuihao Chen, Jianhan Chen, Shunying Zhao, Linwen Zhu, Guofeng Shao","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been implicated in several cardiovascular disorders, yet their regulatory roles in rheumatic heart disease (RHD) and related molecular pathways remain poorly defined.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Human heart valve interstitial cells (hVICs) were manipulated by siRNA-mediated knockdown or plasmid-driven overexpression. Levels of circ_0001490, miR-330-3p, and regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to examine proliferation, whereas flow cytometry and Transwell assays were applied to evaluate apoptosis, migration, and invasion. Direct interactions among circ_0001490, miR-330-3p, and RCAN1 were tested by dual-luciferase reporter analysis and RNA immunoprecipitation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Suppression of circ_0001490 reduced hVIC proliferation, migration, and invasion and increased apoptosis. miR-330-3p was verified as a direct circ_0001490 target; inhibition of miR-330-3p counteracted the phenotypic effects of circ_0001490 depletion. RCAN1 was further validated as a downstream target of miR-330-3p. Ectopic miR-330-3p expression restrained proliferation, migration, and invasion while enhancing apoptosis by downregulating RCAN1. Mechanistically, circ_0001490 increased RCAN1 expression by functioning as a miR-330-3p sponge.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings indicate that circ_0001490 may contribute to RHD progression by relieving miR-330-3p-mediated repression of RCAN1. Interference with circ_0001490, therefore, warrants further investigation as a potential strategy to limit RHD-associated cellular dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":8228,"journal":{"name":"Annals of clinical and laboratory science","volume":"56 4","pages":"420-431"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Risk Prediction Model Based on Combined CBC and CPD Parameters for Triage of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Inpatients.","authors":"Fang-Fang Wang, Qia-Jun Du, Fei-Fei Li, Zhi-Peng Sun, Zhu-Ling Yu, Chong-Ge You","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to construct and validate a machine learning triage model based on combined routine complete blood count (CBC) and cell population data (CPD) parameters, for stratifying non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) risk among adult hematology inpatients at first admission.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 339 NHL inpatients and 417 hematology inpatients with other hematological disorders (negative controls, NC) were retrospectively enrolled, split into training cohort (n=510) and temporal internal validation cohort (n=246). All laboratory data were routine blood test results obtained at the time of first hospital admission. Univariate analysis was performed to screen differential CBC and CPD parameters, followed by LASSO regression feature selection conducted exclusively on the training cohort to avoid feature selection leakage. Finally, 8 indicators were retained for modeling: Age, HGB, MONO, NEUT%, BASO%, NE-SSC, LY-WX, and MO-WZ. Five machine learning algorithms (logistic regression [LR], naive Bayes [NB], support vector machine [SVM], neural network [NNET], k-nearest neighbor [KNN]) were established. Model performance was evaluated via ROC curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA). SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis was applied to interpret feature importance of the optimal SVM model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixteen differential parameters between NHL and NC groups were identified, and 8 independent predictive variables were retained after LASSO regularization. The SVM model constructed with the 8 combined CBC and CPD indicators demonstrated the optimal predictive efficacy and robustness across both cohorts, with AUC=0.894 (training, 95%CI: 0.858-0.923) and AUC=0.803 (validation, 95%CI: 0.748-0.850). SHAP analysis verified that three core CPD parameters (MO-WZ, NE-SSC, LY-WX) all ranked among the top six most influential predictors, providing independent predictive contribution beyond conventional CBC indicators. DCA demonstrated theoretical net clinical benefit for risk threshold probabilities between 0.1-0.8.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The SVM triage model integrating routine CBC and CPD parameters from first-admission blood tests achieves reliable risk stratification for NHL among hematology inpatients. The combined application of conventional blood count indicators and cell population morphological parameters can provide effective reference for inpatient pre-biopsy triage. Further multi-center prospective external validation is required to improve model generalizability.</p>","PeriodicalId":8228,"journal":{"name":"Annals of clinical and laboratory science","volume":"56 4","pages":"444-455"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transformation of Parotid Gland Follicular Lymphoma to Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma with Gastric Relapse and Perforation: A Case Report.","authors":"Shao-Juan Cui, Jia-Rong Zhao, Peng Cheng, Qiong Liu, Xing-Yuan Zheng, Yu Chen, Ya-Jun Shen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma with rare parotid gland involvement. Histological transformation to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) manifesting as gastric relapse complicated by rupture and perforation is extremely rare and clinically challenging. This case report aims to clarify its clinical characteristics, treatment strategies and prognostic significance.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>A 60-year-old male was diagnosed with grade 1 FL of the bilateral parotid glands in 2014 and discontinued regular follow-up thereafter. In December 2025, he was presented with recurrent chest pain, anemia and melena. Gastroscopy and histopathology confirmed DLBCL of the gastric lesser curvature, Ann Arbor stage IIIB. The patient refused chemotherapy and was discharged. In February 2026, he was readmitted due to syncope and progressive hematochezia. Abdominal imaging suggested gastric lymphoma rupture and suspected perforation. He received palliative distal subtotal gastrectomy, and postoperative pathology verified DLBCL of the distal stomach. Subsequently, he was treated with Polatuzumab vedotin combined with Rituximab and CEP regimen, and is currently in stable condition.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This rare case emphasizes that long-term regular follow-up is essential for patients with parotid FL. Emergency surgery is a life-saving intervention for transformed DLBCL with gastric rupture and perforation. Further large-sample studies are needed to optimize the surveillance and treatment protocols for this rare condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":8228,"journal":{"name":"Annals of clinical and laboratory science","volume":"56 4","pages":"490-494"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secondary Acute T-Lymphoblastic Leukemia Following Pregnancy After Remission of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: A Case Report with Literature Review.","authors":"Yingying Chen, Yang Wang, Xiaofeng Yang, Zhihua Zhang","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) predominantly affects younger patients with significantly prolonged survival. Therefore, controlling the incidence of secondary hematological malignancies represents a crucial therapeutic goal. Secondary, acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) following APL is rare and confers a poor prognosis, with only 2 cases reported to date. Herein, we present a case of a young female with APL who attained complete remission (CR) after receiving dual induction therapy with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO), followed by standard consolidation and maintenance treatment cycles. After discontinuing chemotherapy for 26 months, the patient conceived naturally and was later diagnosed with T-ALL in the first trimester of pregnancy. She attained a second CR after receiving the VDCLP chemotherapy regimen (vincristine+daunorubicin+cyclophosphamide+L-asparaginase+prednisone). She subsequently underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) and remained in sustained CR at the 18-month follow-up time point. For patients with T-ALL secondary to APL after treatment remission, early diagnosis combined with the VDCLP regimen and allo-HSCT demonstrated certain therapeutic efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":8228,"journal":{"name":"Annals of clinical and laboratory science","volume":"56 4","pages":"482-489"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Performance of Soluble Fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase-1 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor for Neonatal Sepsis: A Case-Control Study.","authors":"Dandan Bei, Yan Cheng, Ruoxuan Jiang, Huafeng Wang","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the diagnostic performance of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as early biomarkers for neonatal sepsis, and to explore their association with length of hospital stay.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-center case-control study consecutively enrolled 93 neonates (48 culture-confirmed sepsis, 45 infection without sepsis, and no infection). Serum sFlt-1 and VEGF were measured at diagnosis using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Diagnostic accuracy was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the curve (AUC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum sFlt-1 and VEGF levels were significantly higher in the confirmed sepsis than in the infection without sepsis and no infection groups (<i>P</i><0.01), and both biomarkers correlated with longer hospitalization (>10 vs. ≤10 days). ROC analysis showed strong diagnostic performance for sFlt-1 (AUC=0.89; 95% CI 0.808-0.904); at a cut-off of 73.61 pg/mL, sensitivity was 72.92% and specificity 88.89%. VEGF demonstrated an AUC of 0.934 (95% CI 0.863-0.975); at a cut-off of 113.4 pg/mL, sensitivity was 75.00% and specificity 88.89%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>sFlt-1 and VEGF are significantly elevated in neonatal sepsis and show high early diagnostic accuracy, supporting their potential utility as early diagnostic biomarkers; multicenter validation is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":8228,"journal":{"name":"Annals of clinical and laboratory science","volume":"56 4","pages":"505-511"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Compound Heterozygous <i>NNT</i> Variants in Familial Glucocorticoid Deficiency Type 4 Diagnosed by Whole Genome Sequencing.","authors":"Won Kyoung Cho, Seokhui Jang, Esther Youn, Chong Kun Cheon","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Familial glucocorticoid deficiency (FGD) type 4 is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by loss-of-function variants in <i>NNT</i> (nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase), which encodes a mitochondrial NADPH-generating enzyme essential for protecting adrenocortical cells from oxidative stress. We report an 18-year-old Korean male who presented at 16 months of age with primary adrenal insufficiency characterized by markedly elevated ACTH and low cortisol. Over 18 years, sequential genetic investigations including a targeted panel that did not include <i>NNT</i> and identification of a <i>POR</i> variant of uncertain significance failed to establish a molecular diagnosis. Whole genome sequencing revealed two novel compound heterozygous <i>NNT</i> variants (NM_182977.3:c.1820dup, p.Gly608TrpfsTer11; and NM_182977.3:c.1861C>T, p.Gln621Ter), both classified as likely pathogenic, consistent with FGD type 4. This case expands the allelic spectrum of <i>NNT</i>-related disease and illustrates the diagnostic utility of whole genome sequencing in undiagnosed primary adrenal insufficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":8228,"journal":{"name":"Annals of clinical and laboratory science","volume":"56 4","pages":"495-499"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical, Biochemical, and Molecular Analyses of Three Patients with Urea Cycle Disorders in China.","authors":"Shujun Ma, Mingxia Zhang, Faxin Cui, Anqi Zhu, Xia Wang, Yuna Niu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Urea cycle disorders (UCDs) are rare inherited metabolic diseases that can cause severe hyperammonemia and neurological damage. This study aimed to characterize the clinical, biochemical, and molecular features of three Chinese patients with UCDs and identify pathogenic variants through genetic analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Blood tandem mass spectrometry and urinary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were performed on three children diagnosed with UCDs. Next-generation sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed on blood samples from the probands and their parents. Clinical data and other laboratory results were retrospectively collected from medical records. In silico and structural analyses were performed for three of the five identified variants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The three probands exhibited clinical and biochemical features characteristic of UCDs. Genetic analysis confirmed five diagnostic variants, including two novel variants. These variants caused three types of UCDs: ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD), carbamoyl phosphate synthase 1 deficiency, and argininosuccinate lyase deficiency (ASLD). In silico and structural analyses of three variants (<i>OTC</i>:c.1006-1G>T, <i>CPS1</i>:c.729+1G>A, and <i>ASL</i>:c.370T>C) suggested that all three may impair enzyme function or stability, although experimental validation is required.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We characterized the clinical, biochemical, and molecular features of three Chinese patients with UCDs. Two novel variants expand the known mutational spectra of OTCD and ASLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":8228,"journal":{"name":"Annals of clinical and laboratory science","volume":"56 4","pages":"512-522"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of Reference Intervals for Eight Steroid Hormones in Korean Adults Using LC-MS/MS: Impact of Outlier Exclusion and Statistical Methods.","authors":"Hyun-Seung Lee, Hyeonju Oh, Soo-Youn Lee, Hyung-Doo Park","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Reference intervals for steroid hormones can vary significantly depending on the statistical approach used.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We established reference intervals for eight steroid hormones in 111 Korean females and 113 Korean males aged 18-49 years. Outlier detection was performed using both Tukey's fence criteria and the Reed-Dixon method. Sex- and age-stratified reference intervals were determined using a robust method after exclusion of outliers identified by Tukey's fence criteria. These intervals were compared with those derived using a nonparametric approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Depending on the hormone, the proportion of outliers identified by Tukey's fence criteria ranged from 0% to 17.6%, whereas the Reed-Dixon method rarely detected extreme outliers. The reference intervals derived using Tukey's fence criteria were generally consistent with previously reported values in Caucasian populations. A total of 12.0% of Korean males had testosterone concentrations below 10.4 nmol/L (300 ng/dL), the cutoff value for low testosterone according to the American Urological Association guidelines. In contrast, the nonparametric method with Reed-Dixon outlier detection yielded a lower reference limit of 0.80 nmol/L for testosterone, which would be considered pathologically low in adult males.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study highlights the importance of careful selection of the reference population, outlier exclusion method, and statistical approach when establishing reference intervals for steroid hormones.</p>","PeriodicalId":8228,"journal":{"name":"Annals of clinical and laboratory science","volume":"56 4","pages":"395-405"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of A2 and A2B Blood Group Subgroups Among Blood Donors in Al-Qurayyat, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Fehaid M A Alanazi, Abdelhamid M Alanazi, Salem I Alanazi, Sarah M W Alrwaeli, Renad H S Alsharari, Fai H S Alsharari, Raghad F K Alruwaili, Shatha H I Alhusaynawi, Musaad M M Alanazi, Osama J O Alkhamali, Raghad A R Alruwaili","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The A2 and A2B subgroups are of clinical importance because some A2 and, more often, A2B individuals may produce anti-A1 antibodies that can cause hemolytic transfusion reactions, and their frequency varies across populations. As no data were available for Al-Qurayyat, northern Saudi Arabia, this study determined the prevalence of the A2 and A2B subgroups among local blood donors and their distribution by RhD status.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cohort of 247 samples previously typed as blood group A (n=202) or AB (n=45) at a local blood bank (5 September to 14 November 2024) was subtyped with anti-A1 lectin (Dolichos biflorus) by the standard tube technique, and proportions were expressed with 95% Wilson confidence intervals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Within group A, 153 samples (75.74%) were A1 and 49 (24.26%) were A2, whereas within group AB, 26 (57.78%) were A1B and 19 (42.22%) were A2B; relative to all A-antigen-positive donors, the A2 and A2B frequencies were 19.84% and 7.69%, and 226 donors (91.5%) were RhD positive. The proportion of A2-type phenotypes was significantly higher in group AB than in group A (χ²=5.09; <i>p</i>=0.024).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These serologically defined frequencies exceed those reported in the included regional comparator studies and may support routine anti-A1 lectin subgrouping, although molecular confirmation is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":8228,"journal":{"name":"Annals of clinical and laboratory science","volume":"56 4","pages":"467-472"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GRB2 Affects Post-Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure by Regulating the TLR4/NF-κB Pathway-Mediated M1 Macrophage Polarization.","authors":"Yu Wang, Shengzhang Zhang, Yuanyuan Shen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;Myocardial infarction (MI) and MI-related heart failure (HF) continue to represent predominant causes of disability and death globally. This study aimed to explore the specific involvement of growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (GRB2) in M1 macrophage polarization and post-MI HF, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms involved.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Sprague-Dawley rats underwent left anterior descending coronary artery ligation to generate a MI rat model. M1 polarization of RAW264.7 macrophages was induced through treatment with both lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). H9C2 cardiomyocytes were exposed to hypoxia to create an &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; model mimicking MI. Evaluation of cardiac function was conducted using echocardiography, whereas Masson's trichrome staining was applied to examine pathological changes in rat myocardial tissue. The M1/M2 macrophage proportion and cardiomyocyte apoptosis level in rat myocardial tissue and &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; cell models were assessed by flow cytometry. Immunofluorescence analysis was conducted to quantify GRB2 expression as well as the levels of macrophage polarization marker proteins in rat myocardial tissue and cells. The expression levels of macrophage polarization marker proteins, GRB2, as well as proteins related to the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway and apoptosis in rat myocardial tissues and cells were measured through Western blot.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Rats from the MI group showed significantly decreased ejection fraction and fractional shortening, accompanied by markedly increased left ventricular internal systolic/diastolic diameter, obvious collagen deposition in the myocardial tissue, and aggravated myocardial fibrosis. In addition, a markedly elevated proportion of M1 macrophages in rat myocardial tissue and an upregulation of GRB2 in macrophages were demonstrated in the MI group. &lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt; experiments showed that LPS + IFN-γ significantly induced M1 polarization of macrophages and the expression of inflammatory factors and GRB2 protein. After interfering with GRB2 expression, the level of M1 polarization of macrophages decreased, and the expression levels of inflammatory factors and proteins related to TLR4/NF-κB pathway significantly decreased. Treatment of macrophages with RS 09 significantly reversed the inhibitory effect of GRB2 inhibition on M1-type macrophage polarization. In addition, under hypoxic conditions, conditioned medium (CM) from M1-type macrophages could increase the apoptosis level of cardiomyocytes, while CM from macrophages with GRB2 expression interference significantly reduced the apoptosis level of cardiomyocytes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The expression level of GRB2 was significantly increased in the myocardial tissue of MI rats. Inhibiting the expression of GRB2 would lead to a weakened polarization of M1 macrophages. In HF after MI, GRB","PeriodicalId":8228,"journal":{"name":"Annals of clinical and laboratory science","volume":"56 4","pages":"456-466"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}