Medizin, Gesellschaft, und Geschichte : Jahrbuch des Instituts fur Geschichte der Medizin der Robert Bosch Stiftung最新文献_第7页

Merging with the University of California: History of the Homeopathic College and Hahnemann Hospital in San Francisco. 与加州大学合并:旧金山顺势疗法学院和哈内曼医院的历史。

Medizin, Gesellschaft, und Geschichte : Jahrbuch des Instituts fur Geschichte der Medizin der Robert Bosch Stiftung Pub Date : 2008-01-01

Josef M Schmidt

引用次数: 0

Merging with the University of California: History of the Homeopathic College and Hahnemann Hospital in San Francisco. 与加州大学合并:旧金山顺势疗法学院和哈内曼医院的历史。

Medizin, Gesellschaft, und Geschichte : Jahrbuch des Instituts fur Geschichte der Medizin der Robert Bosch Stiftung Pub Date : 2008-01-01 DOI: 10.5282/UBM/EPUB.21267

J. Schmidt

引用次数: 4

[Physicians' households in the 16th century]. [16世纪医生的家庭]。

Medizin, Gesellschaft, und Geschichte : Jahrbuch des Instituts fur Geschichte der Medizin der Robert Bosch Stiftung Pub Date : 2008-01-01

Tilmann Walter

{"title":"[Physicians' households in the 16th century].","authors":"Tilmann Walter","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"16th-century's medicine was marked by a wave of professionalization: besides scientific influences--evident by new ambitious texts on botany, anatomy, and chemiatry--functions of medical expertise for political purposes were an important factor. Based on findings made in my DFG-funded project \"Arztliche Autorität in der Frühen Neuzeit\" (medical authority in early modem times) is discussed how these influences altered the professional conditions for physicians. \"Haushalt\" (household) can be understood as a social community as well as a monetary budget in this context: physicians earned their money with a lot of different ventures beside medical practice, as commerce, farming, banking, or mining etc. Expenses for houses, gardens, interior etc. were based on needs of everyday life but could also be signs of luxury. Thus the physicians demonstrated the high social status they had acquired, and some of them thereby placed themselves at one social level with the nobility. Even scientific books can be estimated as a special case of such a conspicuous consumption for in most cases publishing made high investments without monetary benefit necessary. Thus scientific reputation was to some degree foreseeable: epoch-making books like above all Andreas Vesalius' \"De humani Corporis fabrica libri septem\" (Basel 1543) had to be financed out of the assets of the family (in Vesalius' case: a high-standing family in the emperor's services). Other sources show clearly that many doctors were not able to afford publishing comparable elaborated and expensive books.","PeriodicalId":81975,"journal":{"name":"Medizin, Gesellschaft, und Geschichte : Jahrbuch des Instituts fur Geschichte der Medizin der Robert Bosch Stiftung","volume":"27 ","pages":"31-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28440620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[The rise and fall of Zander-Institutes in The Netherlands around 1900]. [1900年前后荷兰赞德学院的兴衰]。

Medizin, Gesellschaft, und Geschichte : Jahrbuch des Instituts fur Geschichte der Medizin der Robert Bosch Stiftung Pub Date : 2007-01-01

Thomas J A Terlouw

{"title":"[The rise and fall of Zander-Institutes in The Netherlands around 1900].","authors":"Thomas J A Terlouw","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The Swedish physician, Dr Jonas Gustav W. Zander (1835-1920), set himself the task of devising different contraptions around 1860. He believed that people who needed medical gymnastics could be treated better and more efficiently with the help of machines. His mechanistic approach can be understood in the context of the emerging industrialisation that rapidly took hold in Europe in this period. After very successful presentations at the World Exhibitions in Philadelphia (1876) and in Paris (1878), the Zander-method soon caught on in the medical world and many so-called Zander-Institutes (very similar to fitness-centres today) emerged in the larger cities of a number of European countries. Zander-therapy became very popular in The Netherlands during the 1890s. The first Zander-Institute opened its doors in Groningen in 1894 to be followed, within four years, by another eight Zander-Institutes in the major cities of The Netherlands. Physical education teachers, engaging in medical gymnastics, and physicians worked closely together in these institutes. This was considered to be a positive development as medical gymnastics was a heavily contested area in the field of labour in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. After a short period of success almost all of the Zander-Institutes had great difficulty in maintaining their existence in the first decade of the twentieth century. Both the rise and fall of the Zander-Institutes can be ascribed to a combination of factors of a scientific (concerning the method), social (legislation concerning the care of the crippled) and professional (concerning the different strategies of the involved professions) nature. These factors and the relationships between them are analysed in this article.","PeriodicalId":81975,"journal":{"name":"Medizin, Gesellschaft, und Geschichte : Jahrbuch des Instituts fur Geschichte der Medizin der Robert Bosch Stiftung","volume":"25 ","pages":"91-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26841959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Mental illnesses in medical certificates in 18 century Hessen]. [18世纪黑森州医学证明中的精神疾病]。

Medizin, Gesellschaft, und Geschichte : Jahrbuch des Instituts fur Geschichte der Medizin der Robert Bosch Stiftung Pub Date : 2007-01-01

Irmtraut Sahmland

{"title":"[Mental illnesses in medical certificates in 18 century Hessen].","authors":"Irmtraut Sahmland","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"This study deals with the medical certificates (Attestata medica) for mentally disturbed or insane and mad individuals which were issued by physicians (Stadt-/Landphysici) between 1750 and 1807 to gain admission to two of the Hessen High Hospitals (Hessische Hohe Hospitäler), Haina and Merxhausen. They provide an approach to mental illness in the 18th century from two perspectives: a study of coping with sickness, especially in the countryside, and mirrored by the doctor's view. In undoubted cases of madness the physician appears merely as a representative of public health care (Medizinische Policey), who must ensure that the patient is separated from the rest of society. In other cases caution and circumspection is absolutely required in the doctors' judgements. There is a catalogue of medical criteria on which the diagnosis is based. Nevertheless the physician must refer largely to the information he obtains from the social context of family, neighbourhood, pastor and officials whilst being well aware of the difficulties and danger of being instrumentalised by extraneous interests. From the physician's view, economic and social circumstances, to a great degree, are responsible for not being able to offer a cure to the individual. This fact gives great impetus to the demands for the hospital as an institution having the same recognised official standard of medicine but, at the same time, in combination with more favourable environmental conditions. These demands that can be seen from the second half of the 18th century were to be answered by special concepts of mental homes (Irrenheilanstalten) at the beginning of the 19th century.","PeriodicalId":81975,"journal":{"name":"Medizin, Gesellschaft, und Geschichte : Jahrbuch des Instituts fur Geschichte der Medizin der Robert Bosch Stiftung","volume":"25 ","pages":"9-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26841957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[A wanderer between cultures--Reinhold F.G. Mueller (1882-1966) as Indologist and historian of medicine]. [文化之间的流浪者——莱茵霍尔德·f·g·穆勒(1882-1966)作为印度学家和医学历史学家]。

Medizin, Gesellschaft, und Geschichte : Jahrbuch des Instituts fur Geschichte der Medizin der Robert Bosch Stiftung Pub Date : 2007-01-01

Florian Mildenberger

引用次数: 0

[Learning by doing? The restructuring of nursing education after 1945]. [边做边学?1945年后护理教育的重构[j]。

Medizin, Gesellschaft, und Geschichte : Jahrbuch des Instituts fur Geschichte der Medizin der Robert Bosch Stiftung Pub Date : 2007-01-01

Susanne Kreutzer

{"title":"[Learning by doing? The restructuring of nursing education after 1945].","authors":"Susanne Kreutzer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"This study deals with the reform of nursing education on a day-to-day level and exemplifies the dramatic change in the image of nursing in the 1960s, when the erstwhile religious calling was transformed into a modern-day female profession. The analysis is based on interviews with two different groups of nurses who were educated between the 1930s and 1960s. The first group is composed of the deaconesses of a Protestant mother-house in Hannover (Henriettenstiftung). The second group is formed by nurses who were noted for their important role in the professionalisation of nursing in West Germany. The methodology of this study draws on the experiences of the practice of oral history which reflects the actual context of the narratives, the problem of commemoration and the relationship between individual and collective memory. Nursing education, as late as the 1950s, was based on practical experience. The nursing students were responsible for a certain number of patients from the very first day of their training. Comparison of the different narratives shows that such an experience-based training principle was bound to a specific, family-like concept of nursing which was supported by the sisterhoods. This traditional system of nursing education changed essentially in the 1960s when knowledge based on experience lost a great deal of its meaning, while a theory-based training took preference. Furthermore, the regulation and fragmentation of nursing education increased significantly. The outcome was that continuity in caring for patients decreased dramatically in the 1960s and it became much more difficult to learn how to observe the sick and to demand confidence in dealing with patients. The reform of nursing education also had far-reaching consequences for the construction of everyday life in the wards as the students had previously undertaken a major part of the work.","PeriodicalId":81975,"journal":{"name":"Medizin, Gesellschaft, und Geschichte : Jahrbuch des Instituts fur Geschichte der Medizin der Robert Bosch Stiftung","volume":"25 ","pages":"155-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26841961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[An age of medical paternalism?--Reflections on medical disclosure and patient consent in 19th century Germany]. 医疗家长式作风的时代?——19世纪德国对医疗信息披露和患者同意的反思]。

Medizin, Gesellschaft, und Geschichte : Jahrbuch des Instituts fur Geschichte der Medizin der Robert Bosch Stiftung Pub Date : 2007-01-01

Karen Nolte

{"title":"[An age of medical paternalism?--Reflections on medical disclosure and patient consent in 19th century Germany].","authors":"Karen Nolte","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Research on the history of medical ethics in Germany still regards the nineteenth century as the age of medical paternalism. The authoritarian manner of German physicians is particularly emphasised by assuming that patients were normally not involved in decisions about serious therapeutic measures. This paper will analyse if and how physicians dealt with the issues of medical disclosure and of patient consent concerning surgery and other painful interventions in the first half of the nineteenth century. Physicians rarely dealt with this problem in their articles on medical ethics but reflected, instead, on the issues of disclosure and consent in descriptions of risky therapeutic interventions. They devoted considerable attention to the description of the decision making process, particularly in medical case reports on life-threatening surgery. The benefits hoped for and the risks of the surgical intervention were frequently explained in detail. It was important for them not only to legitimise their adventurous course of action by obtaining patients' consent but also to demonstrate that the seriously ill patients in reality played the active, demanding part in the decision on life-threatening surgery. It is remarkable that, even where patients from lower social classes were concerned, physicians stressed the necessity of obtaining their consent for risky surgical interventions. However, it cannot be established with certainty if the patients were comprehensively informed by the physicians about the risks involved. Nevertheless, physicians' awareness of the necessity of such disclosure, as expressed by their rhetorical \"self-fashioning\" in the published case reports, is beyond doubt.","PeriodicalId":81975,"journal":{"name":"Medizin, Gesellschaft, und Geschichte : Jahrbuch des Instituts fur Geschichte der Medizin der Robert Bosch Stiftung","volume":"25 ","pages":"59-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26841958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Medical heresy struggles for the right of "otherness": homeopathy in the USSR. 医学异端为“他者”的权利而斗争:苏联的顺势疗法。

Medizin, Gesellschaft, und Geschichte : Jahrbuch des Instituts fur Geschichte der Medizin der Robert Bosch Stiftung Pub Date : 2007-01-01

Alexander Kotok

引用次数: 0

[History of homeopathy in Franconia]. [法国顺势疗法的历史]。

Medizin, Gesellschaft, und Geschichte : Jahrbuch des Instituts fur Geschichte der Medizin der Robert Bosch Stiftung Pub Date : 2007-01-01

Fritz Dross, Marion Maria Ruisinger

引用次数: 0