Medizin, Gesellschaft, und Geschichte : Jahrbuch des Instituts fur Geschichte der Medizin der Robert Bosch Stiftung最新文献_第4页

['No naturally shaped human foot would end in wedged-in, pointed toes" (Knud Ahlborn)--Wandervögel, youth movement and movement for rational footwear]. [“没有自然形状的人脚最终会楔入，尖尖的脚趾”(Knud Ahlborn)—Wandervögel，青年运动和理性鞋类运动]。

Medizin, Gesellschaft, und Geschichte : Jahrbuch des Instituts fur Geschichte der Medizin der Robert Bosch Stiftung Pub Date : 2011-01-01

Nike Ulrike Breyer

{"title":"['No naturally shaped human foot would end in wedged-in, pointed toes\" (Knud Ahlborn)--Wandervögel, youth movement and movement for rational footwear].","authors":"Nike Ulrike Breyer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The nineteenth century \"movement for rational clothing\" not only aimed at reforming women's clothes (leaving behind corset-fashion), it set out to improve women's rights in general. Few people know that footwear also was modernized in the second half of the nineteenth century. After shoes had been made for 350 years on the basis of a symmetry pattern, without or with almost invisible distinction between left and right feet, scientists around the Frankfurt born professor of anatomy Georg Hermann von Meyer (1815-1892) demanded with him radical reform of footwear--for both sexes--using new lasts that were modelled on the natural shape of feet. Around the turn of the century, after physicians, shoemakers and hygienists had spent decades debating new ideas, members of the Wandervogel movement adopted the issue for their own purposes and chose anatomic over fashionable yet unhealthy fits which tended to be pointed, slim and--above all--symmetrical. Once the Wandervogel movement had split into several smaller groupings in 1904 and become part of the Jugendbewegung (youth movement), some of its members wanted clothing to also carry symbolic meaning. Naturally-shaped hygienic boots should no longer just allow for walking without damage to the feet: they should become the embodiment of a new spirit and, beyond that, of a reformed society. A new \"lay practice\" and \"do-it-yourself\"-shoemaking replaced former academic programs for new natural footwear. Interestingly enough, alongside those quite radical concepts, a kind of \"footwear reform light\" established itself in the market: on the surface only slightly different from the old-fashioned, symmetrical shoes, these \"modern\" pairs, which consisted of a right and left shoe, remained successful even after the world wars and became the new standard in the twentieth century, because the shoes made according to this pattern lasted longer, fitted better and were more comfortable.","PeriodicalId":81975,"journal":{"name":"Medizin, Gesellschaft, und Geschichte : Jahrbuch des Instituts fur Geschichte der Medizin der Robert Bosch Stiftung","volume":"30 ","pages":"85-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30695506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Prevention and health promotion in the Federal Republic of Germany (1945-2010)--an initial study on gender specific research]. [德意志联邦共和国的预防和健康促进(1945-2010年)————关于具体性别研究的初步研究]。

Medizin, Gesellschaft, und Geschichte : Jahrbuch des Instituts fur Geschichte der Medizin der Robert Bosch Stiftung Pub Date : 2011-01-01

Simone Moses

{"title":"[Prevention and health promotion in the Federal Republic of Germany (1945-2010)--an initial study on gender specific research].","authors":"Simone Moses","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"If one tries to explain the longer life expectancy of women there are not only medical but also social scientific approaches. These focus primarily on social parameters that influence male and female behaviour. Men are said to be more careless, while women are considered to be highly sensitive and mindful of the treatment of their bodies. This is apparent in their use of professional medical assistance. Women see a physician and undergo preventive examination more frequently than men. This may also be responsible for the fact that Germany's woman-centred policy of prevention and health promotion has not been able to motivate men to adopt preventive health behaviour. From 1945 up until the new millennium women were the main target of prevention campaigns. The first health promotions of the 1950s and 1960s were mainly based on the former understanding of gender roles which saw women as more sensible and traditionally responsible for health issues; they were the ones to pass on their knowledge. The first preventive examinations also focused explicitly on women. Preventive measures for men tended to be work-related. Only recently, since the beginning of the 1990s, a gender-specific approach has emerged, starting with the prevention of addiction. Target-group-orientated work has by now doubtlessly become the standard in health-related interventions, but putting them into practice will remain a challenge.","PeriodicalId":81975,"journal":{"name":"Medizin, Gesellschaft, und Geschichte : Jahrbuch des Instituts fur Geschichte der Medizin der Robert Bosch Stiftung","volume":"30 ","pages":"129-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30693896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Images of gender and gender-specific therapies in German homoeopathic and naturopathic guidebooks (c. 1870-1930)]. [德国顺势疗法和自然疗法指南中的性别和性别特异性疗法的图像(约1870-1930)]。

Medizin, Gesellschaft, und Geschichte : Jahrbuch des Instituts fur Geschichte der Medizin der Robert Bosch Stiftung Pub Date : 2011-01-01

Andreas Weigl

{"title":"[Images of gender and gender-specific therapies in German homoeopathic and naturopathic guidebooks (c. 1870-1930)].","authors":"Andreas Weigl","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"In the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth century sex and gender became crucial categories not only in the medical discourse of German speaking countries. At the very centre of this discourse was the idea of women as the weaker sex. Because of the paradigm shift in the history of medicine (due to the discovery of the cytopathology) the principle of a weaker sex seemed to be corroborated by scientific research, a fact which impacted on medical practice in many ways. \"Nervous\" disease evolved as the major threat \"of our times,\" with urban girls, young women and \"weak\" young men being most at risk. At the same time homoeopaths and naturopaths challenged modern medicine, offering alternative health practices, cures and drugs for people who could not afford the help of physicians or distrusted them. An analysis of several alternative medical guidebooks printed between c. 1870 and 1930 showed that homoeopaths and naturopaths shared the \"sexualization\" of medical discourse and practice only to an extent. On the one hand they believed that disorders such as hysteria, masturbation, chorea Sydenham and anaemia were nervous in nature and that the chances of curing them were poor. With the exception of masturbation these \"deadly\" threats were considered to be typically female. The general approach of alternative physicians, on the other hand, was unisex. The cures they offered to the public used unisex scales of constitutional characters. They even ignored the gender specificity of sick headaches. Gender-specific problems such as difficult deliveries and childbed fever were treated as \"natural\" and mild cures were favoured. The conclusion is that the influences of upper and middle class discourse on common health practices should not be overestimated.","PeriodicalId":81975,"journal":{"name":"Medizin, Gesellschaft, und Geschichte : Jahrbuch des Instituts fur Geschichte der Medizin der Robert Bosch Stiftung","volume":"30 ","pages":"207-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30693898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[A historical perspective on the health of boys and male adolescents (1780-2010)]. [关于男孩和男性青少年健康的历史观点(1780-2010)]。

Medizin, Gesellschaft, und Geschichte : Jahrbuch des Instituts fur Geschichte der Medizin der Robert Bosch Stiftung Pub Date : 2010-01-01

Martin Dinges

{"title":"[A historical perspective on the health of boys and male adolescents (1780-2010)].","authors":"Martin Dinges","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"In the discourse on health, boys are emerging as a problem group. In contrast to girls who tended to be seen as fragile if not sickly, boys used to be thought of as strong and healthy. Gender-specific concepts stipulated much more exercise for boys, the masturbation discourse prevented a relaxed relationship to the own body. The paper first describes specific problems in the biography (babies, child labour, tuberculosis, school, fitness for military service) and their solutions up to the time of the Weimar Republic. During and after the two world wars school boys tended to be of poorer health than girls. The consequences of war affect the mental health of (half-) orphans gender-non-specifically up to the third generation. After 1945, attention to health concerns is rather restricted to the professional aptitude of mining trainees, health-related risk behaviour tends to be interpreted in terms of gender. Mothers sought medical advice slightly more frequently on behalf of boys up to puberty. Concerning the time between 1780 and 2010 inferior health is often noticeable in boys and male adolescents. This used to, and still does, apply to babies, child labour, industrial work and occupational accidents, conscription and direct consequences of war. It was mostly due to gender-specific separation of labour, but partly also to a higher risk preference. The gender-specific wider scope for exercise and sports up to the 1960s, in contrast, had a health-promoting effect.","PeriodicalId":81975,"journal":{"name":"Medizin, Gesellschaft, und Geschichte : Jahrbuch des Instituts fur Geschichte der Medizin der Robert Bosch Stiftung","volume":"29 ","pages":"97-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30038727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

["And thus there was another pointless thing in the country [...]". The failed homoeopathic training of missionaries at the Basle Mission]. [“于是这个国家又多了一件毫无意义的事[…]”。在巴塞尔传教会对传教士进行的失败的顺势疗法训练]。

Medizin, Gesellschaft, und Geschichte : Jahrbuch des Instituts fur Geschichte der Medizin der Robert Bosch Stiftung Pub Date : 2010-01-01

Marion Baschin

引用次数: 0

Potency and provenance: an inter-generational study of homeopathic practice in Ontario. 效力和来源:在安大略省顺势疗法实践的代际研究。

Medizin, Gesellschaft, und Geschichte : Jahrbuch des Instituts fur Geschichte der Medizin der Robert Bosch Stiftung Pub Date : 2010-01-01

Douglas W Smith

引用次数: 0

[Consumption--sickness, health and morals in the early nineteenth century]. [消费——19世纪早期的疾病、健康和道德]。

Medizin, Gesellschaft, und Geschichte : Jahrbuch des Instituts fur Geschichte der Medizin der Robert Bosch Stiftung Pub Date : 2010-01-01

Karen Nolte

{"title":"[Consumption--sickness, health and morals in the early nineteenth century].","authors":"Karen Nolte","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"At the start of the nineteenth century consumption, also called \"phthysis\", was one of the most dreaded illnesses along with cancer. The term usually referred to the widespread \"pulmonary consumption\". Metaphorical descriptions of the disease demonstrate the strong cultural significance attached to this medical, and also lay-medical, concept. Based on handwritten case histories and letters from Kaiserswerth deaconesses in the first half of the nineteenth century the author establishes the cultural implications with which sufferers met in the social practice. Consumption was seen as the visible manifestation of deviance. It was assumed that sufferers were also to blame for contracting the disease due to a lifestyle that was \"excessive\" in dietetic as well as Christian terms. The paper aims to analyze how the attribution of an \"immoral\" and \"sinful\" lifestyle was presented to sufferers by physicians and nurses and how this affected them. The attribution of moral implications to dietetic concepts--as the first thesis of the paper will suggest--originated from demographically motivated health policies prevalent around 1800. The paper will further try to show how, in the early nineteenth century, the idea arose that consumption was the disease of the proletariat suffering from metropolitan life.","PeriodicalId":81975,"journal":{"name":"Medizin, Gesellschaft, und Geschichte : Jahrbuch des Instituts fur Geschichte der Medizin der Robert Bosch Stiftung","volume":"29 ","pages":"47-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30038725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[The importance of Jewish nursing in World War I as shown by the example of the Jewish nurses' home in Stuttgart]. [以斯图加特的犹太护士之家为例，说明了犹太护理在一战中的重要性]。

Medizin, Gesellschaft, und Geschichte : Jahrbuch des Instituts fur Geschichte der Medizin der Robert Bosch Stiftung Pub Date : 2010-01-01

Susanne Ruess

{"title":"[The importance of Jewish nursing in World War I as shown by the example of the Jewish nurses' home in Stuttgart].","authors":"Susanne Ruess","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The history of Jewish nursing in World War I has so far not been central to medical history research. Rosa Bendit's war diary is still the only source available on the voluntary service Jewish nurses provided during World War I. Their number was small compared to that of nurses in general. Jewish nursing in Germany has hardly been researched. Jewish nurses, like their Christian colleagues, took on wartime nursing tasks voluntarily. This paper will focus on the experiences of the nurses who were sent to various locations in East and West by the Stuttgart Jewish Nurses' Home. Based on quotations from the war diary their position within the medical service will be described, compared and analyzed. The paper draws attention to special characteristics in the comparison ofJewish and Christian nurses and explores issues such as religious observance, religious discrimination, patriotism and differences in the evaluation of the nurses' work. A brief outline of the history of the Stuttgart Jewish Nurses' Home illustrates their working conditions. The Jewish nurses applied themselves with as much effort and devotion as their Christian counterparts. Although there were only few of them, the Jewish nurses managed to establish a recognized position for themselves within the medical service. The history of Jewish nursing in Stuttgart ended in 1941 when the Jewish Nurses' Home was dissolved by the Nazis and four nurses were murdered in concentration camps.","PeriodicalId":81975,"journal":{"name":"Medizin, Gesellschaft, und Geschichte : Jahrbuch des Instituts fur Geschichte der Medizin der Robert Bosch Stiftung","volume":"29 ","pages":"71-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30038726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[The history of ageing in modern times according to current German research]. [根据德国目前的研究，现代老龄化的历史]。

Medizin, Gesellschaft, und Geschichte : Jahrbuch des Instituts fur Geschichte der Medizin der Robert Bosch Stiftung Pub Date : 2010-01-01

Bettina Blessing

引用次数: 0

["At times I had to be an allopathic medical officer and then again I was allowed to be a homoeopathic physician." Homoeopathy and war from the Franco-German War (1870/71) to World War I (1914-1918)]. “有时我不得不成为一名对抗疗法医生，然后我又被允许成为一名顺势疗法医生。”顺势疗法与战争(从法德战争(1870/71)到第一次世界大战(1914-1918))。

Medizin, Gesellschaft, und Geschichte : Jahrbuch des Instituts fur Geschichte der Medizin der Robert Bosch Stiftung Pub Date : 2010-01-01

Philipp Eisele

引用次数: 0