Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research最新文献

{"title":"Quantification and Correlation of Oral Candida with Caries Index Among Different Age Groups of School Children: A Case-Control Study.","authors":"B V Naidu,&nbsp;B A Reginald","doi":"10.4103/2141-9248.181843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2141-9248.181843","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dental caries is the most common infectious disease affecting humans and is the predominant cause of tooth loss in children. Although Candida's role in dental caries has been studied extensively, limited homogenous studies have been conducted and none have been found, that associate Candida with dental caries, while correlating it to different age groups.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The study aimed to quantify oral Candida in school children and correlate candidal carriage to the caries index and further analyze an age association.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>Decayed-Filled teeth/Decayed-Missing-Filled Teeth (dft/DMFT) index scores of 150 subjects were evaluated, and concentrated oral rinse samples were collected from each participant for mycologic investigation. Based on the age and caries activity, the participants were categorized into three groups consisting of 50 each such as Group-I (caries active participants of 6-12 years age), Group-II (caries active participants in 13-18 years age), and Group-III (caries-free participants in 6-18 years age); CHROMagar™ was used as a primary culture medium for candidal growth. The data was statistically analyzed using Unpaired t-test, Chi-square test and Spearman's rank order.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results demonstrated that as age increases, the dft/DMFT scores as well as the candidal growth decreased. In addition, the oral candidal carriage levels were found to be low in caries-free group (Group-III) when compared to the study groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The presence of Candida was directly related to the caries status and inversely proportional to the age.</p>","PeriodicalId":8186,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research","volume":"6 2","pages":"80-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/cc/fb/AMHSR-6-80.PMC4866371.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34508839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epithelial Inclusion Cyst in a Cervical Lymph Node: Report of a Rare Entity at an Uncommon Location.","authors":"S Bahadur,&nbsp;M Pujani,&nbsp;S Jetley","doi":"10.4103/2141-9248.181844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2141-9248.181844","url":null,"abstract":"Dear sir, Benign inclusions in lymph nodes are foci of nonneoplastic ectopic tissue, which may be of various types. The most worrisome feature of these benign inclusions in lymph node is that they may be mistakenly interpreted as tumor metastasis.[1,2] Therefore, the awareness of such an entity is all the more important in preventing overdiagnosis of a malignant lesion. We hereby present a case, clinically suspected to be tuberculosis, which surprisingly turned out to be a benign epithelial inclusion cyst within a submandibular lymph node.","PeriodicalId":8186,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research","volume":"6 2","pages":"137-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/69/e2/AMHSR-6-137.PMC4866368.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34404909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional Practices and Taboos Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at General Hospital in Kano, Northwest Nigeria.","authors":"E A Ugwa","doi":"10.4103/2141-9248.181846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2141-9248.181846","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Food taboos among rural women have been identified as one of the factors contributing to maternal undernutrition in pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this study was to explore some of the taboos and nutritional practices among pregnant women attending antenatal care at a General Hospital in Dawakin Kudu LGA, Kano, Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study involving 220 pregnant women. Interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used to interview the respondents, which showed various sociodemographic information, cultural nutritional processes, taboos of the community, and a 24 h food recall. The ages, parities, and gestational ages of the women were collated. Descriptive statistics was used. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software Version 17.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Association between sociodemographic factors and nutritional practices and taboos was determined using Chi-square test and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the end of the study, 200 participants (91%) gave complete information. Most of the women, 70% (140/200) were in the 20-39 years age range with mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 23.7 (6.1) years, mostly uneducated, 70% (140/200), and unemployed, 51% (102/200). Most of the women did a child spacing of 12-24 months, 62% (124/200) with mean (SD) child spacing interval of 26.32 (10.19) months. Gestational age at booking was mostly 13-26 weeks, 48% (96/200) with an average of 26.60 (8.01). Most of the women had 1-4 children, 54.5% (109/200) with mean (SD) of 2.47 (2.50). Most of the women agreed that they had adequate intake of oil, 86% (172/200), meat/fish, 92% (194/200), fruit/vegetables 56% (112/200), and had 3 meals/day 80% (152/200), and did not practice pica 83% (166/200). All of the women, 100% (200/200) believe that women should eat more during pregnancy in order to have healthy babies. They were mostly supported by their husbands, 53% (106/200) and less likely by the community, 34% (17/200). The nutritional practices and taboos of the women showed a statistically significant association with age, parity, and support received from husband and community (P < 0.05). Educational status is not associated with their nutritional practices and taboos.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although sociocultural indices of the respondents were poor, their intake of good nutrition and abstinence from nutrition taboos were satisfactory. Further studies are intended to objectively study the nutritional practices/taboos in pregnancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":8186,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research","volume":"6 2","pages":"109-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c5/3a/AMHSR-6-109.PMC4866363.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34508844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body Mass Index in Pregnancy Does Not Affect Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor Gamma Promoter Region (-359 to -260) Methylation in the Neonate.","authors":"Vre Casamadrid,&nbsp;C A Amaya,&nbsp;Z H Mendieta","doi":"10.4103/2141-9248.180272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2141-9248.180272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity in pregnancy can contribute to epigenetic changes.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess whether body mass index (BMI) in pregnancy is associated with changes in the methylation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR) promoter region (-359 to - 260) in maternal and neonatal leukocytes.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>In this matched, cohort study 41 pregnant women were allocated into two groups: (a) Normal weight (n = 21) and (b) overweight (n = 20). DNA was extracted from maternal and neonatal leukocytes (4000-10,000 cells) in MagNA Pure (Roche) using MagNA Pure LC DNA Isolation Kit 1 (Roche, Germany). Treatment of DNA (2 μg) was performed with sodium bisulfite (EZ DNA Methylation-Direct™ Kit; Zymo Research). Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed in a LightCycler 2.0 (Roche) using the SYBR(®) Advantage(®) qPCR Premix Kit (Clontech). The primers used for PPARγ coactivator (PPARG) M3 were 5'- aagacggtttggtcgatc-3' (forward), and5'- cgaaaaaaaatccgaaatttaa-3' (reverse) and those for PPARG unmethylated were: 5'-gggaagatggtttggttgatt-3' (forward) and 5'- ttccaaaaaaaaatccaaaatttaa-3' (reverse). Intergroup differences were calculated using the Mann-Whitney U-test, and intragroup differences, with the Wilcoxon test (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 19.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences were found in BMI, pregestational weight, and postdelivery weight between groups but not in the methylation status of the PPARγ promoter region (-359 to - 260).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The PPARγ promoter region (-359 to - 260) in peripheral leukocytes is unlikely to get an obesity-induced methylation in pregnancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":8186,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"38-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/82/07/AMHSR-6-38.PMC4849114.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34454398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge of Maternal and Newborn Care Among Primary Level Health Workers in Kapilvastu District of Nepal.","authors":"D Acharya,&nbsp;R Paudel,&nbsp;K Gautam,&nbsp;S Gautam,&nbsp;T Upadhyaya","doi":"10.4103/2141-9248.180266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2141-9248.180266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Higher maternal and neonatal deaths are common in low- and middle-income countries; due to less access to skilled help. Adequate knowledge and skills on maternal and newborn care (MNC) of community health workers can improve maternal and newborn health.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To identify the knowledge of primary level health workers on some components of MNC.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>Respondents were selected using simple random sampling method. For collecting the data, enumerators visited health institutions for 2 months from 1(st) October to 31(st) November 2012, and structured interview schedule was used to gather the information. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a total of one hundred and thirty-seven primary level health workers in Kapilvastu district, Nepal. The Chi-square test was employed to examine the association between the knowledge of health workers on MNC and designation and work experience. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 17.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In a total of 137 primary level health workers, more than half 53.2% (73/137) were senior auxiliary health workers/health assistant. Health workers having correct knowledge on contents of MNC were-registration 32.1% (44/137), major components of antenatal care 57.7% (79/137), danger signs of pregnancy 39.4% (54/137), five cleans 59.1% (81/137), postnatal health problems 54.0% (74/137), majority to health action to newborn care, newborn bath and meaning of exclusive breastfeeding. There was a statistical association between designation of health workers and above-mentioned components of MNC (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The differentials in the knowledge of MNC among primary level health suggest improving knowledge of the grass root level health workers with appropriate training and development programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":8186,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"27-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/10/69/AMHSR-6-27.PMC4849112.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34453928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Rare Diseases in South Africa, a Personal Journey: Time for Electronic Record-keeping.","authors":"I L Ross","doi":"10.4103/2141-9248.180216","DOIUrl":"10.4103/2141-9248.180216","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8186,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a2/cb/AMHSR-6-1.PMC4849110.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34452358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Serum Calcium and Magnesium Between Preeclamptic and Normotensive Pregnant Nigerian Women in Abakaliki, Nigeria.","authors":"E I Ugwuja,&nbsp;A C Famurewa,&nbsp;C I Ikaraoha","doi":"10.4103/2141-9248.180269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2141-9248.180269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Evidence suggests the involvement of calcium and magnesium metabolism in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. However, findings from studies are heterogenous and inconsistent.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The study aimed to compare the total serum calcium and magnesium levels in preeclamptic women with that of normotensive pregnant women.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional subjects of eighty pregnant women living in Abakaliki, Ebonyi state, South-East Nigeria, were recruited into the study. The present study compared serum calcium and magnesium in forty preeclamptic (cases) and forty normotensive (control) pregnant women matched for age, parity, and socioeconomic status. Serum calcium and magnesium levels were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS Version 20 statistical software. Differences between means were compared using Student's t-test with P < 0.05 considered as statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>While the mean serum calcium was comparable between preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women (13.99 [3.29] vs. 14.02 [5.68] μg/dl), the preeclamptic pregnant women have significantly (P < 0.001) lower serum magnesium in comparison to their normotensive counterparts (3.22 [1.05] vs. 4.15 [0.78]).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It may be concluded that serum magnesium seems to play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia in this environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":8186,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"33-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f4/c9/AMHSR-6-33.PMC4849113.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34453924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Need for Oral Health Policy in India.","authors":"R S Gambhir,&nbsp;T Gupta","doi":"10.4103/2141-9248.180274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2141-9248.180274","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dental diseases are a significant public health menace having a substantial impact on the quality of life which in turn affects the daily performance and general life satisfaction. There is a vast difference in health status including the oral health between urban and rural population of India and in other developing countries. The existing situation demands the formulation and implementation of National Oral Health Policy in India in order to expand the oral health care to make it more affordable, and reachable. An extensive literature search was conducted using various search engines in order to include relevant information in the review. Number of keywords and their combinations were used in order to extract appropriate data. Finally 24 out of 35 articles were selected upon detailed reading. The present paper focusses on some of the important subjects that can be considered while formulation of a National Oral Health Policy for the benefits of both the dental profession and community as a whole. There is a need of dental health planners and policy makers that have relevant qualifications and training in public health dentistry to understand the unique needs and resources for the development of an effective oral health policy. Professional dental organizations can also support government programs to provide basic oral health needs of extensive underserved population of this country. </p>","PeriodicalId":8186,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"50-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f0/5d/AMHSR-6-50.PMC4849117.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34453927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement Error in Anthropometric Studies and its Significance in Forensic Casework.","authors":"Kewal Krishan,&nbsp;Tanuj Kanchan","doi":"10.4103/2141-9248.180277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2141-9248.180277","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8186,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"62-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b6/2b/AMHSR-6-62.PMC4849120.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34358006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disparities in the Magnitude of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-related Opportunistic Infections Between High and Low/Middle-income Countries: Is Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Changing the Trend?","authors":"M O Iroezindu","doi":"10.4103/2141-9248.180234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2141-9248.180234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Opportunistic infections (OIs) cause significant morbidity/mortality in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals globally. Disparities between high-income countries (HICs) and low/middle-income countries (LMICs) in the magnitude of HIV-related OIs in pre-highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) populations was reviewed, and HAART-induced decline in OIs was further compared between the two settings. Studies published in English from onset of HIV epidemic up to December 2013 were searched in PubMed, Google, Google Scholar, and African Journal online. An article was included if (a) the study was conducted in HIC or LMIC, (b) the age of the participants was ≥12 years, (c) the HAART status of the participants was stated, and (d) various types of OIs were investigated. In predominantly pre-HAART populations, the incidence and prevalence of overall HIV-related OIs in HIC ranged from 5.5 to 50.0 per 100 person-years (PY) and 27.4-56.7%, respectively. In LMIC, the respective overall incidence and prevalence of OIs were 12.2-93.9 per 100 PY and 32.0-77.7%. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, candidiasis, Cytomegalovirus disease, Mycobacterium avium complex disease, and Kaposi's sarcoma were the most frequent OIs in HICs while tuberculosis, candidiasis, chronic diarrhea, and cryptococcosis were predominant in LMICs. The introduction of HAART led to substantial reduction in the incidence of OIs with more impressive percentage decline in HICs (43-97%) compared to 30-79% in LMICs. Disparities in the magnitude of HIV-related OIs between HICs and LMICs are evident both in the pre-HAART and post-HAART era. Efforts to optimize HAART-induced decline in HIV-related OIs should become a global health priority irrespective of prevailing socioeconomic circumstances. </p>","PeriodicalId":8186,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"4-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/bd/7a/AMHSR-6-4.PMC4849115.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34453925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}