Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Electronic Devices on Vision in Students Age Group 18-25","authors":"Mahar Safdar Ali Qasim, Maher Mustansar Ali Qasim, Memona Batool Qasim, R. A. Khan, N. Anwar, Saba Akram, Kehkshan Khalid","doi":"10.54608/annalsmedical.2021.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54608/annalsmedical.2021.1","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To increase understanding about the damaging effects of light rays on eyesight. To investigate frequency of people affected from light rays electronic devices. Study design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Riphah International University Lahore and duration of study was six months from June 2020 to December 2020. Materials & Methods: A six months cross sectional study with convenient sampling method was conducted at Riphah international university Lahore from June 2020 to December 2020. The age of the individuals was between 18 years–25 years. Individuals who fulfill the inclusion criteria were chosen from University. A proforma was filled regarding detailed history of use of electronic devices other visual problems associated with it. Results: In present study 200 students were participated who has been using electronic devices. In this 100 students were male and 100 were females. 60% were emmetropic, 27.5% were myopic, 5.5% were hyperopia and 7.0% were astigmatic. 40% individuals were using smartphones from 11 years-13 years, 20.5% using from 8 years-11 years and 25% using from 4 years-7 years. The purpose of using these electronic devices in 96 individuals was using smartphone only for social networking. Most of them (130) participants were using smartphone and laptops. Usage of these electronic devices for more than 4 hours–6 hours was observed in 60 members. Among these individuals most of them were using these electronic devices by lying on the bed and some were also using in cervical flexion position. Conclusion: The over all research identified the smartphone/any electronic devices used so longer had bad effect on vision most particularly myopia occurred. This research suggests that constant and extreme utilization of smartphone and other electronic devices should be avoided.","PeriodicalId":8186,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70854268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain Eating Amoeba: Alarming Rise of Naegleriasis in Pakistan","authors":"Hamza Sohail, Abeer Iftikhar, S. M. Hassan, Zainab Rafat","doi":"10.24200/IMMINV.V5I1.248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24200/IMMINV.V5I1.248","url":null,"abstract":"Naegleriasis also known as primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) is a fulminant brain infection is caused by a single-celled, ameboflagellate known as Naegleria fowleri. Naegleria fowleri has been difficult to eradicate since its growth is typically found in bodies of warm freshwater, unchlorinated, piped water, swimming pools and moist soil. This letter focuses on characteristics and route of spread of infection caused by Naegleria Fowleri and preventative measures that can be taken to limit its spread. A thorough literature review was performed to identify different route of spread of Naegleria Fowleri infection and specific measures that should be taken to limit its spread. We found that Naegleria follows a nasal route of infection, migrating along the olfactory nerve, through the cribriform plate into the brain where it evokes a substantial immune response causing a widespread inflammation, hemorrhage and necrosis eventually leading to death. The at-risk population includes individuals associated with swimming, diving and water skiing in freshwater and poorly chlorinated swimming pools and individuals performing ablution. Therefore, specific measures should be taken to limit the spread of Naegleria Fowleri infection which includes education and awareness of the public as well as of the health professionals regarding Naegleriasis and its preventative measures.","PeriodicalId":8186,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48298519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular monitoring of Plasmodium falciparum resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in western Kenya, 14 years after its withdrawal","authors":"Gabriel Kishoyian, E. Njagi, G. Orinda, F. Kimani, K. Thiongo, D. Muhia","doi":"10.21203/rs.2.9218/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.9218/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background:\u0000The application of chloroquine (CQ) as an antimalarial drug for over half a century and subsequent development of CQ-resistant Plasmodium strains has led to its withdrawal and replacement with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP). In 2004, SP was replaced with artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) as a first-line against uncomplicated malaria in Kenya. The sudden surge in ACT resistant against P. falciparum in Cambodia and neighboring countries had become a stumbling block in the management and control of this preventable and curable disease. The resistance associated with P. falciparum is linked to multiple mutations in the parasite’s dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthase genes. This study assesses the prevalence of pfdhfr and pfdhps gene mutation which encodes enzymes targeting SP.\u0000Method:\u0000Briefly, blood taken from a finger prick was collected on a filter paper from P. falciparum positive children attending health facility in Chulaimbo between May and November 2015. Using chelex-100 extraction DNA, genotyping was done for mutations on codon 51, 59 and 108 of pfdhr and 437 and 540 of pfdhps genes using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technology. The enzymes used to digest the respective codons were Tsp5091, Amxn I, Alu I, Ava II and Fok I respectively.\u0000Results: All the 76 P. falciparum isolates were successfully genotyped for the detection of Pfdhfr and Pfdhps mutations associated with SP resistance. The P. falciparum isolates were found to carry the mutant type N51I with a prevalence of 94% while C59R and S108N had 92% each. The prevalence of mutation at Pfdhps codons A437G and K540E stood at 94% and 91% respectively.\u0000Conclusion: The present study observed that there is no statistical significant on codon 51I and 437G (χ2 =3.3099 df=1 p >0.05) change in the proportion of resistant genotypes. However, there was a statistical significant on codon 59R and 108N (χ2 =4.338 df=1 p<0.05) and 540E (χ2 =5.391 df=1 p<0.05) indicating a slow but steady decreased resistance despite its withdrawal. In addition, the evidence of quintuple mutations that are likely to become fixed in the study population is threatening the future of SP especially in intermittent preventive treatment prophylaxis (IPTp) programs.","PeriodicalId":8186,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43790928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of 3-Dimensional Profile of Asian Knee","authors":"Babak Otoukesh, Bahram Boddouhi, Peyman Kaghazian, N. Hatami, M. Otoukesh, M. Ghaemi, J. Moghimi","doi":"10.22038/ABJS.2018.10998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/ABJS.2018.10998","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Maintaining proper size and rotation of components of total knee arthroplasty is mandatory for optimal longevity. Ethnical differences may affect fitness of the prostheses that were manufactured mainly based on Caucasian dimensions. This review aimed to evaluate 3- dimensional characteristics of distal femur and proximal tibia among Asian populations. Moreover rotational profile of distal femur was also assessed. \u0000Methods: Databases were searched and relevant studies were selected. Including criteria were: studies on Asian populations, studies on morphological and rotational characteristics of the knee joint and prostheses. Finally 21 studies were selected. \u0000Results: Based on the studies male subjects enjoy larger dimensions, while total configuration is proportionately similar to female at axial section. Some other studies in white populations or Asian populations found significant discrepancies among genders. Also it was indicated as anteroposterior size grows, aspect ratio shows downward inclination in both genders and in studied prostheses for Asian populations. In contrast to western Caucasian knees, there are some parameters in the Asian knees which decrease upon increasing the other parameters and the size of the knee. Finally females enjoyed greater value of these rotational values in majority of the studies. \u0000Conclusion: Generally, it can be said that assumption of smaller knee in Asian relative to white population is more accurate on femoral side while tibial dimensions share more homogenous profiles.","PeriodicalId":8186,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48030576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thrombocytosis in Under-Five Children with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection","authors":"Jasashree Choudhury","doi":"10.5812/PEDINFECT.61605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/PEDINFECT.61605","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aim: Thrombocytosis is a marker of inflammatory reaction with varied clinical conditions. The significance of thrombocytosis in relation to severity of the disease in under-five children with lower respiratory tract infection was evaluated. Method: It was a prospective observational study conducted during 12 months on 230 children within ages, 2 to 59 months, hospitalized for lower respiratory tract infection. Admitted patients were classified as children with and without thrombocytosis. Based on clinical severity patients were grouped; complications from thrombocytosis were analyzed and compared with those without thrombocytosis. Results: Of 230 children, 70 (30.4%) patients were with pneumonia, 64 (27.82%) were with severe pneumonia and 96 (41.7%) were with very severe pneumonia. Severity of pneumonia was more in infancy and 53.04% of total patients with pneumonia had thrombocytosis. The association between total leucocytes count and severity of pneumonia was significant. Thrombocytosis was seen in 82% case of pneumonia with pleural effusion. There was significant association of thrombocytosis with prolonged hospital stay. The mortality was 2.2% which had no significant association with thrombocytosis. Conclusion: Thrombocytosis is a frequent finding among children with lower respiratory tract infection. Children with thrombocytosis have more severe pneumonia with longer duration of hospitalization than those with normal platelet count. Platelet count may be used as a marker of disease severity and complication in children with lower respiratory tract infection.","PeriodicalId":8186,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41784320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Prospective Study of Spectrum, Risk Factors and Immediate Outcome of Congenital Anomalies in Bida, North Central Nigeria.","authors":"Man Adeboye,&nbsp;M B Abdulkadir,&nbsp;O A Adegboye,&nbsp;A O Saka,&nbsp;P D Oladele,&nbsp;D M Oladele,&nbsp;E C Eze,&nbsp;O O Adeyemi,&nbsp;U Abubakar,&nbsp;A Grace,&nbsp;B F Rotimi","doi":"10.4103/amhsr.amhsr_108_13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amhsr.amhsr_108_13","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Congenital disorders are structural, metabolic, behavioral and functional disorders that are present at birth. Their manifestations are protean ranging from mild anomalies to life-threatening conditions.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The objectives of this study were to describe the congenital anomalies in children seen at Federal Medical Center, Bida over a 12 month period, determine possible factors associated with these anomalies; and their short term outcome.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>Children with clinically recognized congenital malformations were recruited consecutively over a 12 month period and socio-demographic, etiologic and other relevant clinical data were obtained. A detailed examination was also performed and abnormalities documented. The data was analyzed using Epi-info version 6 (Atlanta, USA). The Chi-square was used to identify significant differences for categorical variables. Mid-P and Fisher's exact tests were utilized as appropriate. A <i>P</i> < 0.05 was considered to be significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 46 children with congenital anomalies were seen during the study period, all which were recruited into the study. The hospital based prevalence amongst neonates was 111/1000 neonates. The most common system affected was the digestive system(50.0%) followed by the central nervous system and head and neck anomalies. There was no significant difference in distribution of anomalies amongst the various ethnic groups. About 22% of families were consanguineous, all being first cousins and 8.7% of mothers were greater than 35 years of age. The case fatality rate for congenital malformations was 2.2%, while 60.9% were referred to other hospitals for further care.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study has demonstrated a wide variety of congenital anomalies in Bida, North-Central Nigeria with the digestive system anomalies being the most frequent. The findings of this study strengthen the need for empowerment of the institution in appropriate management of these disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":8186,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research","volume":"6 6","pages":"380-384"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/49/2b/AMHSR-6-380.PMC5423339.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35024611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whistle Abrasion: A Case Report.","authors":"T Pereira,&nbsp;S Shetty,&nbsp;M Chande,&nbsp;P Kamath","doi":"10.4103/amhsr.amhsr_438_15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amhsr.amhsr_438_15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abrasion is the physical wearing of a tooth surface which can involve the presence of a foreign object repeatedly being in contact with the tooth. A 40-year-old male patient reported to our dental clinic with a 2-3 mm uneven gap between his upper and lower front teeth on occlusion. A detailed history revealed that he was a physical education teacher, and the habitual placement of the whistle for the last 15 years caused an indentation on the whistle which coincided with the abraded teeth. Conditions such as abrasion may need active restorations. A general dental practitioner should accurately identify the cause and treat the esthetic and functional impairment as required.</p>","PeriodicalId":8186,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research","volume":"6 6","pages":"389-391"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/54/4c/AMHSR-6-389.PMC5423341.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35024617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Physical Performance and Fear-Avoidance Beliefs in Adults with Chronic Low Back Pain.","authors":"V P Panhale,&nbsp;R S Gurav,&nbsp;S K Nahar","doi":"10.4103/amhsr.amhsr_331_15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amhsr.amhsr_331_15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Low back pain is a commonest musculoskeletal disorder affecting majority of people. Activity limitations are difficulties an individual may have in executing activities resulting from person's functioning and disability. According to the fear-avoidance model of low back pain, individuals who perceive pain as a sign of potential damage are more likely to avoid behaviors that increase their anxiety and show sub-maximal performance during physical activity.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>Purpose of this study was to find the association between activity limitation and fear avoidance belief in patients with chronic low back pain.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>Thirty subjects with chronic low back pain were included in the study. Activity limitation was measured using Back Performance Scale (BPS). Patients' fear of pain and avoidance of physical activities was assessed with Fear Avoidance Belief Questionnaire (FABQ).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was observed that performance was affected in roll up, fingertip to floor and lift test. In the two subscales of FABQ, 47 percent had more fear in physical activity component and 27 percent had more fear in work component. The scores of BPS and FABQ were correlated using Pearson's correlation test showed strong positive correlation (<i>r</i> = 0.685, <i>P</i> value < 0.01). Higher scores on FABQ are indicative of greater fear and avoidance beliefs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher scores on the FABQ 47% in physical activity and 27% in work component are indicative of greater fear and avoidance beliefs. A strong relationship exists between elevated fear avoidance beliefs (FABQ) and activity limitation (BPS) in patients with chronic low back pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":8186,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research","volume":"6 6","pages":"375-379"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3b/bc/AMHSR-6-375.PMC5423338.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35026278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between Sonographic Placental Thickness and Gestational Age in Normal Singleton Fetuses in Enugu, Southeast Nigeria.","authors":"K K Agwuna,&nbsp;C U Eze,&nbsp;P O Ukoha,&nbsp;U A Umeh","doi":"10.4103/amhsr.amhsr_457_15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amhsr.amhsr_457_15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The accuracy of common ultrasound parameters for the estimation of gestational age (GA) decreases as pregnancy advances in age. Hence, there is need to explore other parameters that may complement the established fetal biometric parameters in predicting GA in late pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the sonographic placental thickness (PT) and GA in the second and third trimesters.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study of 627 normal pregnant women with GA between 14 and 40 weeks was conducted at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu from May 2013 to February 2014 by sonography. Anteroposterior diameter of the placenta was measured at the level of the umbilical cord insertion. The last menstrual period of the women, femur length, biparietal diameter, head circumference, and abdominal circumference of the fetus were measured for GA estimation. Descriptive statistics, regression analysis, and independent sample <i>t</i>-test were used in statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean PT was 23.2 (2.8) mm in the second trimester and 36.1 (3.6) mm in the third trimester. There was a significant difference between the values in the present study and values from similar studies in other populations (<i>P</i> < 0.04). There was a strong relationship between GA and PT and the following mathematical relationships for the second and third trimesters were obtained in the GA = 0.982 (PT) + 3.614 and GA = 0.977 (PT) + 3.354, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Population-specific charts for PT may be used to estimate GA in the second and third trimesters.</p>","PeriodicalId":8186,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research","volume":"6 6","pages":"335-340"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/00/f4/AMHSR-6-335.PMC5423332.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35026272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between Kind of Delivery and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.","authors":"Z Mahmoodi,&nbsp;M Dolatian,&nbsp;Z Shaban,&nbsp;J Shams,&nbsp;H Alavi-Majd,&nbsp;A Mirabzadeh","doi":"10.4103/amhsr.amhsr_397_15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amhsr.amhsr_397_15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a very common mental condition and a unique anxiety disorder.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The present study tried to examine the correlation between kind of delivery and PTSD.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>This prospective study evaluated 240 Iranian female residents of Tehran, Iran, during the third trimester of their pregnancy and 6-8 weeks after labor. Data were collected using the customized screening form, the Symptom Checklist-90, PTSD Symptom Scale (PSS), and Social Support Questionnaire. The collected data were then analyzed with SPSS software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to the participants' responses to the subscales of the PSS, reexperiencing, avoidance, and hyperarousal symptoms were present in 100, 25, and 77 participants, respectively. Moreover, 15 individuals manifested all three groups of symptoms. Therefore, the prevalence of PTSD in the studied population was 6.2%. The logistic regression analysis revealed PTSD to be 0.06 times more prevalent in women with poor social support after delivery than in those enjoying a desirable level of support (<i>P</i> < 0.01; odds ratio = 0.06). Based onChisquare test results, there was no significant correlation between the kind of delivery and the incidence of PTSD after delivery (<i>P</i> = 0.48).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Since PTSD was more common after cesarean sections (than after vaginal deliveries), health policymakers need to develop efficient strategies to promote vaginal delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":8186,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research","volume":"6 6","pages":"356-361"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f6/e4/AMHSR-6-356.PMC5423335.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35026275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}