Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research最新文献

{"title":"Intrapartum Pubic Symphysis Disruption","authors":"Res Pires, Pedro José Labronici, Vincenzo Giordano, K. E. Kojima, M. Kfuri, M. Barbisan, André Wajnsztejn, M. Andrade","doi":"10.4103/2141-9248.177980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2141-9248.177980","url":null,"abstract":"During pregnancy, high progesterone and relaxin levels produce physiological ligament relaxation on the pelvis. Therefore, moderate pubic symphysis and sacroiliac joints relaxing provide birth canal widening, thereby facilitating vaginal delivery. Sometimes, functional pain or pelvic instability may occur during pregnancy or puerperium, which is defined as symptomatic pelvic girdle relaxation. In rare cases, a pubic symphysis disruption can occur during the labor, causing severe pain and functional limitations. The early recognition of this injury is crucial to prevent complications and improve clinical and functional outcomes. This study reports an acute symphyseal disruption resulting from childbirth in a primiparous patient who underwent open reduction and internal fixation with plate and screws. After a 6 months follow-up, the patient presented no pain and satisfactory functional recovery.","PeriodicalId":8186,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"476 - 479"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70219638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Awareness and Knowledge of Ergonomics Among Medical Laboratory Scientists in Nigeria","authors":"Bh Oladeinde, I. Ekejindu, R. Omoregie, OD Aguh","doi":"10.4103/2141-9248.177989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2141-9248.177989","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ergonomics awareness helps in its right application and contributes significantly to general wellbeing and safety of worker at workplace. Aim: This cross-sectional descriptive study aimed at assessing the level of awareness and knowledge of the science of ergonomics among Medical Laboratory Scientists in Benin City, Nigeria. Subjects and Methods: A total of 106 medical laboratory scientists comprising 64 and 42 in public and private laboratories, respectively, were recruited for this study using systematic random sampling technique. Data were obtained from the study participants using a questionnaire and subsequently analyzed with the statistical software INSTAT®. Results: Out of 106 study participants, 27 (25.5%) were reported to have heard of the term ergonomics. Awareness was significantly associated with gender (male vs. female: 38.5% [15/39] vs. 17.9% [12/67]; odds ratio = 2.9; 95% confidence interval = 1.2, 7.1;P = 0.02). Awareness of ergonomics was not significantly affected by affiliation (P = 0.18), area of specialization (P = 0.78), post-qualification experience (P = 0.43), and educational qualification (P = 0.23) of the study participants. Irrespective of the affiliation of the participant, only 6 of 27 (22.2%) participants who were aware of ergonomics knew at least a benefit of right application of ergonomics in the laboratory. Knowledge of risk factors for the development of musculoskeletal disorders was reported by 8 of 27 (29.6%) persons who claimed to be aware of ergonomics. Conclusions: Awareness of ergonomics and knowledge of gains of its right application was poor among the study participants. Regular ergonomic education of medical laboratory scientists in Nigeria is advocated.","PeriodicalId":8186,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research","volume":"125 1","pages":"423 - 427"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70219978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Method for Investigating “Instructional Familiarity” and Discerning Authentic Learning","authors":"K. Royal, M.-W. Hedgpeth, Kweku M. Smith, D. Kirk","doi":"10.4103/2141-9248.177990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2141-9248.177990","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Presently, most medical educators rely exclusively on item difficulty and discrimination indices to investigate an item's psychometric quality and functioning. We argue “instructional familiarity” effects should also be of primary concern for persons attempting to discern the quality and meaning of a set of test scores. Aim: There were four primary objectives of this study: (1) Revisit Haladyna and Roid's conceptualization of “instructional sensitivity” within the context of criterion-referenced assessments, (2) provide an overview of “instructional familiarity” and its importance, (3) reframe the concept for a modern audience concerned with medical school assessments, and (4) conduct an empirical evaluation of a medical school examination in which we attempt to investigate the instructional effects on person and item measures. Subjects and Methods: This study involved a medical school course instructor providing ratings of instructional familiarity (IF) for each mid-term examination item, and a series of psychometric analyses to investigate the effects of IF on students' scores and item statistics. The methodology used in this study is based primarily on a mixed-method, “action research” design for a medical school course focusing on endocrinology. Rasch measurement model; correlation analysis. Results: The methodology presented in this article was evidenced to better discern authentic learning than traditional approaches that ignore valuable contextual information about students' familiarity with exam items. Conclusions: The authors encourage other medical educators to adopt this straightforward methodology so as to increase the likelihood of making valid inferences about learning.","PeriodicalId":8186,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"428 - 434"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70220128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and Laboratory Predictors of Articular Disorders Among HIV-infected Patients Seen at Teaching Hospital Southeast Nigeria.","authors":"C C Okwara, G Ozoh, B C Nwatu","doi":"10.4103/2141-9248.177985","DOIUrl":"10.4103/2141-9248.177985","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>HIV infection may be associated with different arthropathies that are often underdiagnosed. There is also paucity of reported studies of relationship between clinical and laboratory features of HIV-infected patients and articular disorders.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To determine the predictors of articular disorders among HIV-infected patients seen at tertiary hospital Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>Hospital-based cross-sectional descriptive study. Subjects were recruited from outpatient clinics of the study centers. Persons aged 16 years and above were recruited via stratified sampling method. Subjects with trauma, degenerative arthritis, malignancy, hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-hepatitis C virus positivity or previously known to have pulmonary tuberculosis or rheumatological disorders were excluded. Pretest-improved semi-structured questionnaire was administered to the recruited 480 subjects comprising 240 HIV positive subjects (HPS) and 240 HIV-negative subjects (HNS). Blood for relevant laboratory tests and radiographs were done where necessary. Diagnosis of articular disorder was based on American College of Rheumatology and European Spondyloarthropathy Study Group classification guidelines. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 15 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used for data entry, validation, and analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 480 participants, both HPS and HNS were made up of 95 males and 145 females. There was statistically significant difference between the frequency of occurrence of articular disorders among the HPS of 37.1% (89/240) and the HIV-negative controls of 16.2% (39/240) (χ(2) = 26.63 P = <0.01). Arthralgia frequency of 29.6% (71/240), HIV-associated arthritis 4.6%, (11/240) (Reiter's disease 1.3% (3/240), undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy 1.3%, (3/240) and gout 0.4% (1/240) (were seen among the HPS. Only arthralgia was found among HNS. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and age were the best predictors of arthralgia presence. CD4+ T-cell count was predictive of HIV-associated arthritis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Articular disorders are commoner among HIV patients than HNS. ESR and age were the best predictors of Arthralgia presence among HIV-infected patients. CD4+ T-cell count was predictive of HIV-associated arthritis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8186,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"447-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4804658/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70219750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Considerations in Management of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment in One Eyed Pregnant Females: A Report of Two Cases","authors":"M. Ashish, S. Alok, J. Elesh, T. Shubhi","doi":"10.4103/2141-9248.177974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2141-9248.177974","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this case report is to discuss issues related to management of one eyed pregnant female. A 26-year-old female (Patient A) and 28-year-old female (Patient B) both in second trimester and one eyed presented to our outpatient department with diminution of vision due to rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Retina was attached in Patient A following scleral buckling surgery but Patient B required pars plana vitrectomy with silicon oil tamponade. Best corrected visual acuity in both patients did improve from 1/60 to 6/24 and 6/18, respectively at 6 months follow-up. Exudative RDs are known to occur in pregnancy as a complication of preeclampsia, but RRD in pregnancy although co-incidental poses certain challenge with regard to management of such cases especially if the patient is one-eyed. Things to consider for management include (1) type of anesthesia (2) surgical positioning (3) positioning after surgery (4) anti-glaucoma medication if required (5) corticosteroid treatment in pregnancy (6) to provide them ambulatory vision as early as possible. With proper management and monitoring it is possible to provide them with early ambulatory vision without offering any harm to her pregnancy and fetus.","PeriodicalId":8186,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"480 - 482"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70219441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concurrent Occurrence of Uterovaginal and Rectal Prolapse: An Uncommon Presentation.","authors":"U A Umeh,&nbsp;E O Ugwu,&nbsp;S N Obi,&nbsp;J E Nnagbo","doi":"10.4103/2141-9248.165256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2141-9248.165256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Concomitant uterovaginal and rectal prolapse is an uncommon occurrence. Where laparoscopic equipment and skills are lacking, sacrohysteropexy with synthetic mesh and rectopexy can be accomplished by laparotomy, especially in women who desire to retain their uterus for either biological or psychological reasons. A 40-year-old primipara with a history of concomitant mass protruding from both her vagina and anus following a spontaneous unsupervised delivery at home. Following pelvic examination, a diagnosis of uterovaginal and rectal prolapse was made. In view of her parity and desire to retain her reproductive function, she was offered abdominal sacrohysteropexy with synthetic mesh and rectopexy with satisfactory postoperative recovery. In resource-limited settings with concomitant uterine and rectal prolapse, open abdominal sacrohysteropexy with synthetic mesh and rectopexy is an effective and safe alternative to Manchester operation in the absence of laparoscopic equipment and skills. </p>","PeriodicalId":8186,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research","volume":"5 5","pages":"365-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e3/54/AMHSR-5-365.PMC4594351.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34184677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple Intussusceptions Associated with Polycythemia in an Anabolic Steroid Abuser, A Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Y Cavanagh,&nbsp;N Shah,&nbsp;A B Thomas,&nbsp;A Gupta","doi":"10.4103/2141-9248.165259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2141-9248.165259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intussusceptions are generally associated with mechanical lead points or localized inflammation that function as foci for intestinal telescoping. We present the case of a patient whose abuse of anabolic steroids resulted in the development of multiple simultaneous intussusceptions. Our patient had no additional identifiable risk factors for intussusception. Consistent with previous reports, corticosteroid induced polycythemia and its consequent hyperviscosity led to intravascular sludging and mesenteric ischemia with associated bowel wall thickening. The localized intestinal induration then served as mechanical foci for intussusception. Due to the illicit nature of anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) abuse, the physiologic effects of supraphysiologic doses are sparsely reported and poorly understood. The scope of AAS abuse and its consequences are likely under-reported and under-recognized within the medical community. Our case presented a unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenge with which we aim to increasing awareness and clinical suspicion for AAS among healthcare personnel. </p>","PeriodicalId":8186,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research","volume":"5 5","pages":"368-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e9/bf/AMHSR-5-368.PMC4594352.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34184680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blended Learning: The Student Viewpoint.","authors":"N Shantakumari,&nbsp;P Sajith","doi":"10.4103/2141-9248.165248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2141-9248.165248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Blended learning (BL) is defined as \"a way of meeting the challenges of tailoring learning and development to the needs of individuals by integrating the innovative and technological advances offered by online learning with the interaction and participation offered in the best of traditional learning.\" The Gulf Medical University (GMU), Ajman, UAE, offers a number of courses which incorporate BL with contact classes and online component on an E-learning platform. Insufficient learning satisfaction has been stated as an obstacle to its implementation and efficacy.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine the students' perceptions toward BL which in turn will determine their satisfaction and the efficacy of the courses offered.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the GMU, Ajman between January and December 2013. Perceptions of BL process, content, and ease of use were collected from 75 students enrolled in the certificate courses offered by the university using a questionnaire. Student perceptions were assessed using Mann-Whitney U-test and Kruskal-Wallis test on the basis of gender, age, and course enrollment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median scores of all the questions in the three domains were above three suggesting positive perceptions on BL. The distribution of perceptions was similar between gender and age. However, significant differences were observed in the course enrollment (P = 0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Students hold a positive perception of the BL courses being offered in this university. The difference in perceptions among students of different courses suggest that the BL format offered needs modification according to course content to improve its perception.</p>","PeriodicalId":8186,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research","volume":"5 5","pages":"323-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ed/25/AMHSR-5-323.PMC4594344.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34288048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body Size Perceptions and Weight Status of Adults in a Nigerian Rural Community.","authors":"A O Akinpelu,&nbsp;O O Oyewole,&nbsp;B A Adekanla","doi":"10.4103/2141-9248.165247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2141-9248.165247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Overweight and obesity are now recognized worldwide as increasing public health problems throughout the life course and wrong perception of one's body size may reduce the motivation for an overweight person to lose weight.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study was conducted to investigate how Nigerian rural dwellers perceive their body size and how their perception agrees with their body mass index (BMI).</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional sample of 183 adults living in a rural community, South-West Nigeria was randomly recruited into the study. Their verbal and visual body size perceptions were assessed through structured questions and body images. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-five percent (64/183) of participants were classified as either overweight or obese by BMI. More than half of the participants perceived themselves as normal weight. More women perceived themselves to be obese than men in both verbal and visual perceptions. Based on BMI classification, 43% (79/183) and 54% (98/183) of participants misperceived themselves in verbal and visual perception, respectively. Underestimation of body size was higher in men (38.3%, 36/94) while overestimation was higher in women (9.0%, 8/89). Men had consistently higher values of kappa coefficient which indicate greater agreement than women in both types of perception.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We found considerable gender differences in body weight perception of adults in the Nigerian rural community. A large proportion of these rural dwellers could not appropriately classify their weight status; and over 30% (64/183) and nearly 50% (92/183) of them underestimated their own body weight in verbal and visual perceptions respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":8186,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research","volume":"5 5","pages":"358-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/81/49/AMHSR-5-358.PMC4594350.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34184675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To Assess Sleep Quality among Pakistani Junior Physicians (House Officers): A Cross-sectional Study.","authors":"A A Surani,&nbsp;A Surani,&nbsp;S Zahid,&nbsp;S Ali,&nbsp;R Farhan,&nbsp;S Surani","doi":"10.4103/2141-9248.165246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2141-9248.165246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sleep deprivation among junior physicians (house officers) is of growing concern. In developed countries, duty hours are now mandated, but in developing countries, junior physicians are highly susceptible to develop sleep impairment due to long working hours, on-call duties and shift work schedule.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We undertook the study to assess sleep quality among Pakistani junior physicians.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted at private and public hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan, from June 2012 to January 2013. The study population comprised of junior doctors (house physicians and house surgeons). A consecutive sample of 350 physicians was drawn from the above-mentioned study setting. The subject underwent two validated self-administered questionnaires, that is, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 334 physicians completely filled out the questionnaire with a response rate of 95.4% (334/350). Of 334 physicians, 36.8% (123/334) were classified as \"poor sleepers\" (global PSQI score > 5). Poor sleep quality was associated with female gender (P = 0.01), excessive daytime sleepiness (P < 0.01), lower total sleep time (P < 0.001), increased sleep onset latency (P < 0.001), and increased frequency of sleep disturbances (P < 0.001). Abnormal ESS scores (ESS > 10) were more prevalent among poor sleepers (P < 0.01) signifying increased level of daytime hypersomnolence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sleep quality among Pakistani junior physicians is significantly poor. Efforts must be directed towards proper sleep hygiene education. Regulations regarding duty hour limitations need to be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":8186,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research","volume":"5 5","pages":"329-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/88/e3/AMHSR-5-329.PMC4594345.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34288049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}