Applied occupational and environmental hygiene最新文献_第5页

Benzene exposure assessment for use of a mineral spirits-based degreaser. 矿物油脱脂剂的苯暴露评估。

Applied occupational and environmental hygiene Pub Date : 2003-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/10473220301442

Marion J Fedoruk, Rod Bronstein, Brent D Kerger

{"title":"Benzene exposure assessment for use of a mineral spirits-based degreaser.","authors":"Marion J Fedoruk, Rod Bronstein, Brent D Kerger","doi":"10.1080/10473220301442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10473220301442","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines benzene emissions from the use of a metal parts washer (\"degreaser\") supplied with a mineral spirits solvent containing either 9 or 58 ppm benzene. Air samples were obtained during a one-hour session of relatively vigorous parts cleaning activity using a degreaser station equipped with wet brush and sprayer attachments and a compressed air hose. Two methods were utilized to assess airborne benzene levels: U.S. EPA TO-14 (summa stainless steel canister) and NIOSH 1501 (charcoal tube). Overall, both methods provided similar results, excepting detection limit differences. The first simulation was performed with recycled solvent (9 ppm benzene in solvent) showing average one-hour airborne benzene levels < or =33 ppbv in the worker's breathing zone and directly above the parts cleaning tank. Average airborne benzene concentrations 18 inches away from the tank were below 2 ppbv during the 60-minute cleaning protocol. The second simulation with benzene-spiked recycled solvent (58 ppm benzene) showed airborne benzene levels averaging 500 ppbv measured over the 60-minute cleaning period in the worker's breathing zone and directly above the tank, while average concentrations 18 inches from the tank perimeter were 63 ppbv. The data indicate that average and peak exposures to airborne benzene were roughly proportional to the solvent benzene content, although the brief peak exposures exhibited greater variance probably related to aerosol generation associated with the use of the brush and/or spraying attachment. Under this selected upper bound exposure simulation, we found that cleaning parts using a recycled mineral spirits-based solvent in an open warehouse setting did not result in exposures in excess of the current occupational exposure limit of 0.5 ppm averaged over 8 hours for solvent benzene content between 9 and 58 ppm.","PeriodicalId":8182,"journal":{"name":"Applied occupational and environmental hygiene","volume":"18 10","pages":"764-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10473220301442","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22564858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 26

Current ventilation topics as they impact industrial hygiene and IAQ issues. 当前的通风话题，因为它们影响工业卫生和室内空气质量问题。

Applied occupational and environmental hygiene Pub Date : 2003-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/10473220301450

D Jeff Burton

引用次数: 0

An evaluation of the historical exposures of mechanics to asbestos in brake dust. 机械师对制动粉尘中石棉的历史暴露的评价。

Applied occupational and environmental hygiene Pub Date : 2003-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/10473220301439

Dennis J Paustenbach, Richard O Richter, Brent L Finley, Patrick J Sheehan

{"title":"An evaluation of the historical exposures of mechanics to asbestos in brake dust.","authors":"Dennis J Paustenbach, Richard O Richter, Brent L Finley, Patrick J Sheehan","doi":"10.1080/10473220301439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10473220301439","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a historical analysis of published data regarding the exposure of brake mechanics to asbestos as a result of doing brake work. Concerns about this possible hazard were first raised in the late 1960s. This analysis focuses on 30 years of data collected during the brake repair event (e.g., a brake job) and 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA) personal samples. A brake job TWA represents the average concentration a mechanic experienced during brake servicing, rather than throughout the workday, and an 8-hour TWA represents the average airborne concentration of asbestos for the entire workday (which would involve brake work and other activities). Nearly 200 brake job and 8-hour TWA airborne asbestos samples were analyzed to assess how asbestos concentrations varied by type of vehicle serviced, country in which mechanics worked, time period, and brake-cleaning method. To facilitate comparisons, brake job TWAs were converted to estimated 8-hour TWAs using the durations and number of brake jobs performed per mechanic each day. Estimated and measured 8-hour TWAs for mechanics servicing automobiles and light trucks ranged from <0.002 to 0.68 f/cc, with a mean of 0.04 f/cc. In contrast, the 8-hour TWAs for mechanics servicing heavy trucks and buses ranged from 0.002 to 1.75 f/cc, with a mean of 0.2 f/cc, suggesting that these mechanics experienced higher daily asbestos exposures than automobile and light truck mechanics. Brake job and 8-hour TWAs for brake mechanics worldwide were found to be similar during the same time periods, and they were consistently below contemporaneous occupational health standards in the United States. The increased use of brake-dust control measures in some garages resulted in at least a 10-fold decrease in the TWA airborne concentrations of asbestos from the 1970s to the late 1980s.","PeriodicalId":8182,"journal":{"name":"Applied occupational and environmental hygiene","volume":"18 10","pages":"786-804"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10473220301439","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22564861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 59

Estimation of the health risks associated with polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations found onboard older U.S. Navy vessels. 美国海军老舰艇上发现的多氯联苯(PCB)浓度对健康的危害评估。

Applied occupational and environmental hygiene Pub Date : 2003-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/10473220301444

K R Still, D P Arfsten, W W Jederberg, L V Kane, B J Larcom

{"title":"Estimation of the health risks associated with polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations found onboard older U.S. Navy vessels.","authors":"K R Still, D P Arfsten, W W Jederberg, L V Kane, B J Larcom","doi":"10.1080/10473220301444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10473220301444","url":null,"abstract":"PCBs have been identified on surfaces and in component materials and equipment from inactive U.S. Navy nuclear submarines commissioned prior to 1970. Health risks associated with PCBs present onboard submarines were estimated for hypothetical crew members and shipyard workers. Median non-cancer hazard quotients for shipyard workers and submarine crew ranged between 0.4-54.6, with the highest quotients estimated for unprotected shipyard workers. Median cancer risk estimates ranged from 7.3 x 10(-6) to 1.1 x 10(-3) with the highest estimated risk calculated for unprotected shipyard workers. Our findings suggest that PCB surface concentrations found onboard inactive nuclear submarines commissioned prior to 1970 may be high enough to constitute a possible risk to the health of persons involved in dismantling of Navy submarines if PCB exposure is not minimized. Potential sources of uncertainty in our risk assessment include the correlation between PCB contamination levels on inactive versus active nuclear submarine vessels, the relationship between wipe sample concentrations and human exposure, dermal contact frequency with PCB-contaminated surfaces, carcinogenicity of PCBs in humans, and uncertainties inherent with the PCB cancer slope factor and oral RfD. Our findings support Navy policy that shipyard workers should wear personal protective equipment when PCB contamination is suspected or has been identified and that IH surveys should continue to identify sources of PCB contamination onboard vessels and reduce PCB contamination to concentrations that are reasonably achievable.","PeriodicalId":8182,"journal":{"name":"Applied occupational and environmental hygiene","volume":"18 10","pages":"737-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10473220301444","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22564856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Employers' safety-related medical qualifications and the Americans with Disabilities Act. 雇主与安全相关的医疗资格和美国残疾人法案。

Applied occupational and environmental hygiene Pub Date : 2003-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/10473220301449

George A Dwiggins

引用次数: 0

MDI Exposure for Spray-On Truck Bed Lining. 喷淋式卡车底盘衬里的MDI暴露。

Applied occupational and environmental hygiene Pub Date : 2003-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/10473220301441

Don J Lofgren, Terry L Walley, Phillip M Peters, Marty L Weis

{"title":"MDI Exposure for Spray-On Truck Bed Lining.","authors":"Don J Lofgren, Terry L Walley, Phillip M Peters, Marty L Weis","doi":"10.1080/10473220301441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10473220301441","url":null,"abstract":"Worker exposure to MDI (methylenediphenyl isocyanate) in the sprayed-on truck bed lining industry was assessed by examining Washington State OSHA inspection files and industrial insurance records. The industry uses MDI to form a protective urethane coating on pick-up truck beds. The lining is applied by a worker using a handheld spray gun with application equipment at temperatures and pressures specified by the urethane supplier. Inspections with MDI sampling were initially identified by searching the agency's laboratory database and were further screened for the targeted process. Data for 13 employers was found and extracted from the inspection records. All were small companies with only 1 to 2 workers exposed to MDI; 10 of the 13 employers had started the bed lining service within the last 4 years. The process was found in truck bed lining specialty shops as well as in other truck-related businesses. Six different urethane products were used with reported MDI monomer concentrations of up to 75 percent along with varying concentrations of MDI pre-polymers and other reactants and solvents. Sampling for MDI by inspectors found 7 worksites with worker exposure in excess of the state and OSHA ceiling limit of 0.200 mg/M(3). Deficiencies in respirator programs and engineering controls for MDI were cited. A review of the industrial insurance records found a total of five MDI-related claims at 4 inspected worksites, two for new-onset asthma. It was concluded that workers in the urethane sprayed-on truck bed lining industry are at an increased risk of developing illnesses associated with isocyanate exposure. Interventions are needed to further assess the hazard as well as motivate and assist franchisers, distributors, and retailers to implement effective engineering controls and respiratory protection programs in this nationally emerging small employer industry.","PeriodicalId":8182,"journal":{"name":"Applied occupational and environmental hygiene","volume":"18 10","pages":"772-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10473220301441","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22564859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 27

Exposures to lead, metals, and wood dust during stripping and refinishing furniture. 在剥离和抛光家具时接触铅、金属和木屑。

Applied occupational and environmental hygiene Pub Date : 2003-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/10473220301379

Ronald M Hall

引用次数: 1

Reducing risk of musculoskeletal disorders through the use of rebar-tying machines. 通过使用钢筋捆扎机减少肌肉骨骼疾病的风险。

Applied occupational and environmental hygiene Pub Date : 2003-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/10473220301374

Peter Vi

引用次数: 15

Impact of dermal absorption factors in occupational exposure assessment: comparison of two models for agricultural reentry workers exposed to azinphosmethyl. 职业暴露评估中皮肤吸收因素的影响:两种模型对农业再就业工人暴露于氮磷甲基的比较。

Applied occupational and environmental hygiene Pub Date : 2003-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/10473220301383

E M Doran, R A Fenske, J C Kissel, C L Curl, N J Simcox

{"title":"Impact of dermal absorption factors in occupational exposure assessment: comparison of two models for agricultural reentry workers exposed to azinphosmethyl.","authors":"E M Doran, R A Fenske, J C Kissel, C L Curl, N J Simcox","doi":"10.1080/10473220301383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10473220301383","url":null,"abstract":"This analysis compares two deterministic reentry exposure models that differ in their treatment of the time dependence of dermal absorption. The first model, called the \"traditional model,\" assumes that dermal absorption is a fixed fraction of the cumulative load on skin at the end of the workshift and that absorption is independent of residence time on the skin. The second model, called the \"time-integrated model,\" incorporates the time dependence of both exposure and absorption by assuming that absorption begins at the outset of exposure and continues through the workshift and beyond, until an effective washing event occurs. These two models were evaluated using previously collected biological monitoring data from apple thinners exposed to azinphosmethyl. Daily doses predicted by the models were compared to doses estimated from the biological sampling results assuming pseudo steady-state excretion. The geometric mean dose estimated from the biological sampling data was 20 microg/kg/day. Corresponding geometric mean doses produced by the traditional model and the time-integrated model were 79 microg/kg/day and 24 microg/kg/day, respectively. When the doses predicted by the traditional model were plotted against those estimated from the biological measurements, the slope of the regression line was significantly greater than 1 (beta = 1.37). However, when this same analysis was conducted for the doses predicted by the time-integrated model, the confidence interval around the slope encompassed 1 (beta = 1.01). Thus, time-integrated treatment of absorption appeared to provide more realistic dose estimates than did the traditional approach.","PeriodicalId":8182,"journal":{"name":"Applied occupational and environmental hygiene","volume":"18 9","pages":"669-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10473220301383","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22524042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Exposure to trichloroethylene in an insignia manufacturing facility. 在徽章制造工厂接触三氯乙烯。

Applied occupational and environmental hygiene Pub Date : 2003-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/10473220301373

Cynthia Rosa

引用次数: 2