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Journal of Eastern African research & development最新文献

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Financial Inclusion and Welfare in South Africa: Is there a Gender Gap? 南非的普惠金融与福利:存在性别差距吗?
Journal of Eastern African research & development Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.5325/jafrideve.18.2.0109
E. L. Nanziri
{"title":"Financial Inclusion and Welfare in South Africa: Is there a Gender Gap?","authors":"E. L. Nanziri","doi":"10.5325/jafrideve.18.2.0109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jafrideve.18.2.0109","url":null,"abstract":"Arguments on whether there is a gender gap in access to finance remain inconclusive. The welfare benefits of access to finance have also not been confirmed. This paper investigates whether there is a statistically significant difference between the welfare of financially included men and women, and of financially included women and their excluded counterparts. Using a pooled dataset on financial access in South Africa, we find that women mainly use formal transactional products and informal financial mechanisms, while men mainly use formal credit, insurance, and savings products. Despite this pattern in the use of financial products, a quantile regression analysis shows that there is no statistically significant difference between the welfare of financially included men and women. There is a significant difference, however, between the welfare of financially included women and their excluded female counterparts. Women using non-formal credit and insurance products exhibit higher welfare in the lower end of the welfare distribution. An Oaxaca-Blinder type decomposition shows that welfare differences are mainly accounted for by race, education, income, and, marginally, marital status. Estimates of the average treatment effect suggest a causal relationship between financial inclusion and higher welfare. The mechanism is through the accumulation of durable items following use of formal financial services.","PeriodicalId":81652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eastern African research & development","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80249655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 39
Purchasing Power Parity for African Countries: The Impact of the 2007-2008 “Great Recession” 非洲国家购买力平价:2007-2008年“大衰退”的影响
Journal of Eastern African research & development Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.5325/jafrideve.18.2.0091
Christian Nsiah
{"title":"Purchasing Power Parity for African Countries: The Impact of the 2007-2008 “Great Recession”","authors":"Christian Nsiah","doi":"10.5325/jafrideve.18.2.0091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jafrideve.18.2.0091","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate both the weak and strong forms of PPP between 33 African countries, the United States, Euro area, South Africa, and Nigeria. The study applies panel unit root tests, panel cointegration tests, panel granger causality test and the panel fully modified OLS models to quarterly CPI and nominal exchange rate data for the period 1995Q1-2014Q4. We find great support for the weak form of PPP and a persistent bi-causal relationship between the nominal exchange rates and the respective price differences between the African countires and reference countries. Support for a strong form of PPP occurs, however, in the post-recession era for the U.S. dollar and the British pound. When we break the data into pre and post-recession, we find a unidirectional causality for the South African rand, pound, and euro in some cases.","PeriodicalId":81652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eastern African research & development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89699126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Determinants of Land and Labour Market Participation Decisions in Rural Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚农村土地和劳动力市场参与决策的决定因素
Journal of Eastern African research & development Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.5325/jafrideve.18.2.0073
Muna Shifa
{"title":"Determinants of Land and Labour Market Participation Decisions in Rural Ethiopia","authors":"Muna Shifa","doi":"10.5325/jafrideve.18.2.0073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jafrideve.18.2.0073","url":null,"abstract":"This paper attempts to determine the factors influencing farmers' land and labour market participation decisions in rural Ethiopia. A multivariate probit estimation technique is used to account for potential interdependencies between land and labour allocation strategies. Results suggest that households that are better endowed with farming resources such as oxen and farming skills are more likely to get access to more land and labour through factor markets, while households that are less endowed with these resources are more likely to rent out their land and participate in off-farm jobs. The complementary nature of land renting out and involvement in off-farm work suggests that policy makers should give due consideration to the development of rural off-farm jobs to reduce poverty in rural areas.","PeriodicalId":81652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eastern African research & development","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87193224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Economic Growth, Health Care Reform, and Child Nutrition in Ghana 加纳的经济增长、医疗改革和儿童营养
Journal of Eastern African research & development Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.5325/jafrideve.18.2.0041
J. Frimpong, Dozie Okoye, Roland Pongou
{"title":"Economic Growth, Health Care Reform, and Child Nutrition in Ghana","authors":"J. Frimpong, Dozie Okoye, Roland Pongou","doi":"10.5325/jafrideve.18.2.0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jafrideve.18.2.0041","url":null,"abstract":"Policymakers have long argued that economic growth in developing countries will positively impact child health. We examine child nutrition in Ghana during the economic growth of the 1980s and 1990s. We find that stunting in children aged 2-35 months declined from 30% in 1988 to 21% in 1998, but increased to 27% in 2003. Wasting followed an opposite path, while underweight gradually fell from 30% to 24% during this period. We show that these different responses to economic growth reflect differences in the factors generating these outcomes. Improvement in underweight was consistent with the positive household effects of macroeconomic growth, but increase in stunting after 1998 responded to the decline in health care utilization following the reform of the health care system. Indeed, the increased negative impact of a lack of access to healthcare explains most of the decline in child linear growth. The fraction of children presenting any of the three forms of malnutrition remained stable at around 40% during this period. These findings indicate that appropriate policies are needed to ensure that economic growth leads to an improvement in child well-being.","PeriodicalId":81652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eastern African research & development","volume":"11 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72406496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 28
Growth and Institutions in African Development 非洲发展中的增长和体制
Journal of Eastern African research & development Pub Date : 2016-04-01 DOI: 10.5325/jafrideve.18.1.0113
S. Asongu
{"title":"Growth and Institutions in African Development","authors":"S. Asongu","doi":"10.5325/jafrideve.18.1.0113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jafrideve.18.1.0113","url":null,"abstract":"Augustin K. Fosu, a leading and respected expert in the field of African development has edited an interesting bulk of studies in a book entitled: Growth and Institutions in African Development. The book is a timely contribution to knowledge that offers very interesting insights into views and agenda within rigorous theoretical and empirical frameworks on policy issues surrounding the relevance of growth and institutions in African development. The book's coverage comprises of 15 chapters presented into two main subject areas, namely: growth and institutions. Each of the two subjects is further divided into two parts. On the one hand, the growth area covers: (i) growth determinants (industrial embeddedness, innovation, exchange-rate regimes and environmental quality); and (ii) sectors, dynamics and distribution of growth. On the other hand, the institutions area entails: (i) institutional development; and (ii) institutions and development outcomes. An interesting common denominator among authors of various chapters in the two subject areas is that the empirical results are succinctly summarised to enhance accessibility and readability by interested readers who might have required technical reading skills to understand the rigorous empirical analyses and resulting policy insights. Hence, it is an easy-to-read and richly policy-relevant book for both specialists and non-specialists. Moreover, the underlying ease of readership is facilitated with an introductory chapter by Augustin K. Fosu which lays out the general framework with hard but interesting stylized facts, before summarising the key motivations and contributions of various chapters with very accessible and non-technical language. This is a critical review of the book.","PeriodicalId":81652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eastern African research & development","volume":"34 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73014511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 31
Uganda's Intra-East African Community Customs Union Trade Performance in Comparison to other Trading Blocs: A Gravity Model Analysis 乌干达东非共同体关税同盟贸易绩效与其他贸易集团的比较:重力模型分析
Journal of Eastern African research & development Pub Date : 2016-04-01 DOI: 10.5325/jafrideve.18.1.0099
I. Shinyekwa, Lawrence Othieno
{"title":"Uganda's Intra-East African Community Customs Union Trade Performance in Comparison to other Trading Blocs: A Gravity Model Analysis","authors":"I. Shinyekwa, Lawrence Othieno","doi":"10.5325/jafrideve.18.1.0099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jafrideve.18.1.0099","url":null,"abstract":"The paper estimates determinants of Uganda's trade flows and compares the performance of the different trade blocs on Uganda's trade. The empirical question is whether Uganda's trade is getting more integrated in the EAC region or is still dominated by other trading blocs. The augmented gravity model is applied. The panel data are extracted from COMTRADE for the period 2001 – 2009. Uganda's trade flows have conspicuously adjusted to the gravitational forces of the EAC during the progress of the integration. Whereas exports are being integrated more into the EAC and COMESA regions, imports are also integrated into these regions as well as in the Asian and EU trading blocs. To continue consolidating and deepening the trade gains within the EAC, Uganda should implement the frameworks, protocols and provisions of the treaty and seek industrialization as a priority.","PeriodicalId":81652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eastern African research & development","volume":"148 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86655238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Home vs. School Deworming and Meal Programs: Evidence from Rural Senegal 家庭与学校驱虫和膳食计划:来自塞内加尔农村的证据
Journal of Eastern African research & development Pub Date : 2016-04-01 DOI: 10.5325/jafrideve.18.1.0031
Théophile T. Azomahou, F. Diallo
{"title":"Home vs. School Deworming and Meal Programs: Evidence from Rural Senegal","authors":"Théophile T. Azomahou, F. Diallo","doi":"10.5325/jafrideve.18.1.0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jafrideve.18.1.0031","url":null,"abstract":"This study uses primary data to assess the impact of deworming and school feeding programs on pupil's educational outcomes measured by test scores. In particular we elaborate on deworming at home vs. school. Relying on Propensity Score Matching and selection models we find that meals program significantly increase pupils' test scores. The impact is more important for pupils who are in schools having association of mothers. Deworming at school has a positive effect on pupils’ performance while deworming at home has a negative impact. This result indicates that the use of widely spread traditional deworming medicines should be discouraged. Among the determinants of test scores, class size displays a U-shaped relation pointing to the crucial role of group effect in shaping pupils' knowledge. The impact of programs does vary depending on the gender of pupils. Policy analysis including cost-effectiveness is also provided.","PeriodicalId":81652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eastern African research & development","volume":"187 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86313740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Vulnerabilities of Sub-Saharan Africa Countries During the 2000s 2000年代撒哈拉以南非洲国家的脆弱性
Journal of Eastern African research & development Pub Date : 2016-04-01 DOI: 10.5325/jafrideve.18.1.0075
J. Karikari
{"title":"Vulnerabilities of Sub-Saharan Africa Countries During the 2000s","authors":"J. Karikari","doi":"10.5325/jafrideve.18.1.0075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jafrideve.18.1.0075","url":null,"abstract":"This study assesses the vulnerabilities of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries in the 2000s (1999–2009) regarding whether the quality of their economic policies, institutions and governance improved or deteriorated. I find that overall the vulnerabilities of the countries were more likely to deteriorate than improve. More important, when there was more uncertainty with the vulnerabilities of the countries from 1999 to 2002 the per capita real gross domestic product of the countries declined. But from 2003 to 2009, when the vulnerabilities of the countries were stable, although the likelihood of deterioration still dominated, the per capita domestic real gross domestic product of the countries increased. Thus while it is important to assess the vulnerabilities of countries the stability of the conditions or the lack thereof is crucial.","PeriodicalId":81652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eastern African research & development","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84491360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
European Union's Standards and Food Exports from Africa: Implications of the Comprehensive Africa Agricultural Development Programme for Coffee and Fish 欧洲联盟标准和非洲粮食出口:非洲农业综合发展方案对咖啡和鱼的影响
Journal of Eastern African research & development Pub Date : 2016-04-01 DOI: 10.5325/jafrideve.18.1.0083
O. I. Kareem
{"title":"European Union's Standards and Food Exports from Africa: Implications of the Comprehensive Africa Agricultural Development Programme for Coffee and Fish","authors":"O. I. Kareem","doi":"10.5325/jafrideve.18.1.0083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jafrideve.18.1.0083","url":null,"abstract":"The preponderance and stringency of product standards have implications for global trade, especially for developing countries. Despite the importance of this issue to Africa, only a few empirical studies exist in the area. It is on this basis that this study draws its objective, which is to investigate the impact of EU standards on Africa's exports in relation to the Comprehensive Africa Agricultural Development Programme. A two-step Heckman model is adopted using mostly unexploited standards data from Perinorm International. A high-value commodity (fish) and traditional cash crop (coffee) are selected. The findings show that at the extensive margin of export, standards are trade-inhibiting for fish and coffee. At the intensive margin, the standards are trade-inhibiting in coffee exports while trade-enhancing in fish exports.","PeriodicalId":81652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eastern African research & development","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75977795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Global Trends in Gender Equality 性别平等的全球趋势
Journal of Eastern African research & development Pub Date : 2016-04-01 DOI: 10.5325/jafrideve.18.1.0009
S. Seguino
{"title":"Global Trends in Gender Equality","authors":"S. Seguino","doi":"10.5325/jafrideve.18.1.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jafrideve.18.1.0009","url":null,"abstract":"This paper assesses country and regional trends in gender inequality since 1990 in three domains: capabilities, livelihoods, and agency. The data offer evidence of substantial improvements in education, a component of the capabilities domain. There has been some modest but uneven progress in the livelihoods domain, particularly with regard to employment. In contrast, there is a reversal in progress towards job integration, as evidenced by a decline in the ratio of the share of women employed in the industrial sector relative to men. Also, global stress in labor markets has reduced men's access to employment in some countries, making the progress to date potentially gender conflictive. Agency, measured as the female share of parliamentary seats, has also made only modest progress. These results suggest the need for an expanded focus beyond just educational equality to livelihoods, where gender gaps are wider than in education and stubbornly persistent.","PeriodicalId":81652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eastern African research & development","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83378525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 30
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