International journal of emergency mental health最新文献

{"title":"Selling through \"reflections\": mirror neurons and anthropomorphic advertisements.","authors":"S. Mitra, A. Kavoor","doi":"10.4172/1522-4821.1000E123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1522-4821.1000E123","url":null,"abstract":"It is well recognized that the brain is uniquely tuned to detect ani- macy automatically and that human infants start demonstrating this ability to preferentially track moving objects very early in life. By 18 months, a human child probably knows about 'mental states' (Pineda, 2005). Serendipitous discovery in this regard, of special kind of neu- rons in the F5 sector of the ventral premotor cortex (Rizzolatti, Lup- pino, & Matelli, 1988) of macaque monkeys, led to newer insights into the phenomenon. They have been termed the mirror neurons and they form a network involved in the automatic understanding of the motor acts performed by others (Rizzolatti, Luppino, & Matelli, 1988). � Refineddatapointtowardsanextremelycomplexfunction� of this system. Two main cortical networks with mirror properties have been described in humans: the parieto-frontal mirror system involved in recognition of voluntary behavior, and limbic mirror system in recognition of affective behaviour (Cattaneo & Rizzolatti, 2009). It has been reported that observation of motor acts performed by others causes 'subliminal motor activation' (Fadiga, Craighero, & Olivier, 2005) in respective cortical areas in observer's brain, in a way as if she is actually involved in the task, without inducing obvious movements. Called the \"simulation theory\", it assumes that this ability enables the observer to \"experience\" sensations, movements and emotions associated with others' acts as if they were her own (Cattaneo & Rizzolatti, 2009). It has been hypothesised that this mirror neurons system is essential to the successful organization and functioning of human society; for ability to attribute mental states to others and predict their intentions and for \"having a theory of mind\" (ToM) (Cattaneo & Rizzolatti, 2009).This system has also been shown to facilitate 'learning by imitation', with an increase in the plasticity of the motor cortex (Catmur, Walsh, & Heyes, 2007) for such tasks. they are projected as being successful, happy or complacent. While watching these, viewer feels \"as if\" she is a part of the scene, with her motor cortex activated in a fashion which simulates her experiencing the phenomenon. Associated pleasures (soothing music, beautiful depiction of nature, feeling of bliss or being successful) are transmitted across media interface and are then integrated, perhaps unconsciously, with the product. Thus she \"realizes\" how beautiful life would be if she had the product, and repeated realizations on her part strengthens this association through Pavlovian learning and probably through modulation in brain plasticity. Gradually, product becomes an integral part of her daily well-being, and she decides to buy it. Thus the point is made, and the product is sold.","PeriodicalId":81544,"journal":{"name":"International journal of emergency mental health","volume":"16 2 1","pages":"274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70935806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case study: ten lessons learned while carrying out a MHPSS intervention with war-affected children in the Democratic Republic of Congo in 2011.","authors":"Paul O'Callaghan","doi":"10.4172/1522-4821.1000103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1522-4821.1000103","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81544,"journal":{"name":"International journal of emergency mental health","volume":"16 1","pages":"241-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32772850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Mother Teresa Effect: the modulation of spirituality in using the CISM model with mental health service providers.","authors":"Mark Newmeyer,&nbsp;Benjamin Keyes,&nbsp;Sonji Gregory,&nbsp;Kamala Palmer,&nbsp;Daniel Buford,&nbsp;Priscilla Mondt,&nbsp;Benjamin Okai","doi":"10.4172/1522-4821.1000104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1522-4821.1000104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mental health service providers are at risk of experiencing compassion fatigue, burnout, and vicarious traumatization as a result of working in difficult contexts or when working with individuals who have experienced trauma. Numerous studies have examined the mitigating factors in professional caregivers' stress and related prevention strategies thought to be associated with professional self-care. This retrospective study examined the impact of debriefing strategies referred to as Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) and spirituality in 22 mental health service providers working in a stressful, cross-cultural context. Quantitative analysis of pre and post self-report instruments suggests that training and utilization of CISM techniques may be important in preventing future problems. To the surprise of the researchers, spirituality may not only serve as a protective factor in moderating compassion fatigue, but also increases compassion satisfaction among professional caregivers. Thus, the \"Mother Teresa Effect\".</p>","PeriodicalId":81544,"journal":{"name":"International journal of emergency mental health","volume":"16 1","pages":"251-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32772852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emotional responses of family members of a critically ill patient: a hermeneutic analysis.","authors":"Ingrid Johansson","doi":"10.4172/1522-4821.1000102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1522-4821.1000102","url":null,"abstract":"This study used an exploratory design with a hermeneutic approach. The aim was to increase the understanding of the emotional responses of family members during the patient's critical care. Interviews from the main researcher's previous study about relatives of patients in an intensive care unit (ICU) were used. Two of these interviews were chosen, one with the mother and one with the father of an adult young patient, who became critically ill and admitted to a general ICU in south-west Sweden. The present study identified six feelings describing the emotional responses of the family members. The family members experienced feelings of uncertainty, feelings of abandonment, feelings of desertion from the loved one, feelings of being close to the deathbed, feelings of being in a no-man's-land and feelings of attachment. The experienced feelings described in this article can contribute to expanding healthcare professionals understanding of the family members' emotional responses during the patient's critical care.","PeriodicalId":81544,"journal":{"name":"International journal of emergency mental health","volume":"16 1","pages":"213-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32771448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treating veteran posttraumatic stress disorder using the Comprehensive Resource Model.","authors":"Katherine A Heeg","doi":"10.4172/1522-4821.1000131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1522-4821.1000131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Unlabelled: </strong>The Comprehensive Resource Model is a groundbreaking psychotherapeutic treatment modality with broad possibilities for use with the military veteran population.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This article describes a clinical case example where this modality was used with a veteran presenting with severe PTSD symptoms.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Six 60-75 minute treatment sessions are described. Symptoms were measured before and after treatment and at a two-year follow-up using the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale, and Clinical Global Impression scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings showed that the treatment was effective at relieving symptoms of dissociation and flashbacks, even after two years. Some symptoms remained such as hypersensitivity to loud noises.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Comprehensive Resource Model, specifically the Resource Energy Grid, provided a safe, effective way to treat some very challenging symptoms. Studies on larger sample sizes would be necessary for generalizability. An Appendix by the spouse of the subject provides additional support for the findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":81544,"journal":{"name":"International journal of emergency mental health","volume":"16 2","pages":"338-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32972154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Police resiliency: an integration of individual and organization.","authors":"John M Violanti","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81544,"journal":{"name":"International journal of emergency mental health","volume":"16 2","pages":"270-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32972225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life expectancy in police officers: a comparison with the U.S. general population.","authors":"John M Violanti, Desta Fekedulegn, Tara A Hartley, Michael E Andrew, Ja K Gu, Cecil M Burchfiel","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous epidemiological research indicates that police officers have an elevated risk of death relative to the general population overall and for several specific causes. Despite the increased risk for mortality found in previous research, controversy still exists over the life expectancy of police officers. The goal of the present study was to compare life expectancy of male police officers from Buffalo New York with the U.S. general male population utilizing an abridged life table method. On average, the life expectancy of Buffalo police officers in our sample was significantly lower than the U.S. population (mean difference in life expectancy = 21.9 years; 95% CI: 14.5-29.3; p < 0.0001). Life expectancy of police officers was shorter and differences were more pronounced in younger age categories. Additionally, police officers had a significantly higher average probability of death than did males in the general population (mean difference = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.26-0.54; p < 0.0001). The years of potential life lost (YPLL) for police officers was 21 times larger than that of the general population (Buffalo male officers vs. U.S. males = 21.7, 95% CI: 5.8-37.7). Possible reasons for shorter life expectancy among police are discussed, including stress, shift work, obesity, and hazardous environmental work exposures.</p>","PeriodicalId":81544,"journal":{"name":"International journal of emergency mental health","volume":"15 4","pages":"217-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4734369/pdf/nihms-742459.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32240761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Work hours and absenteeism among police officers.","authors":"Desta Fekedulegn,&nbsp;Cecil M Burchfiel,&nbsp;Tara A Hartley,&nbsp;Penelope Baughman,&nbsp;Luenda E Charles,&nbsp;Michael E Andrew,&nbsp;John M Violanti","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, the cross-sectional association of paid work hours with episodes of work absence was examined in a cohort of police officers. Study subjects were participants from the Buffalo Cardio-Metabolic Occupational Police Stress (BCOPS) study examined between 2004 and 2009. Among 395 study participants with complete data, day-by-day work history records during the one-year period prior to date of examination were used to determine episodes of one-day and three day work absence. The Negative binomial regression analysis was used to examine rate ratios (RR) of work absence. Analyses were also stratified by gender. A one-hour increase in total work hours was associated with 5% reduction in rate of one-day work absence (RR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92 - 0.98) and with 8% reduction in rate of three-day work absence (RR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.89 - 0.95). The association of total work hours with episodes of one-day work absence was significant only in men while the association with episodes of three-day work absence was evident in men and women. In conclusion, in this cohort of police officers, work hours were negatively associated with both durations of work absence (one-day, > or = 3 consecutive days).</p>","PeriodicalId":81544,"journal":{"name":"International journal of emergency mental health","volume":"15 4","pages":"267-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4676412/pdf/nihms742425.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32240768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new taxonomy for understanding factors leading to suicide in the military.","authors":"Paul T Bartone","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the years since 2005, suicides among U.S. military personnel have risen dramatically, and continue to rise despite significant leadership attention to suicide awareness and prevention. Prevention efforts have proven unsuccessful, perhaps because they have focused on associated factors, rather than the underlying more fundamental contributing ones. Current suicide prevention and education programs in the military address the symptoms, while ignoring the underlying problem. This paper presents a new taxonomy for organizing and thinking about the multitude of factors associated with suicide in the military. We distinguish four sets of factors associated with suicide: (1) Formative factors are the long-term, fundamental causative factors in suicide, contributing to alienation and powerlessness; (2) Background factors are associated with suicide, but are not clearly causative, as for example age and sex; (3) Precipitating factors are the near-term causative factors, acute stressful events that can plunge the individual into sudden despair, such as a broken marriage; (4) Enabling factors are those that facilitate the act of suicide, but are not underlying causes. This includes for example alcohol and drugs, and easy access to weapons. To succeed, efforts to prevent suicide in the military should be directed to the formative factors. A model is presented in which military-specific formative factors are shown to contribute to alienation and powerlessness, key factors that can lead to suicide. Drawing from the hardiness model of resilience, some recommendations are provided for building up the sense of commitment (vs. alienation) and control (vs. powerlessness) in military personnel as a strategy for reducing suicide.</p>","PeriodicalId":81544,"journal":{"name":"International journal of emergency mental health","volume":"15 4","pages":"299-305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32243205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Communities Advancing Resilience Toolkit (CART): development of a survey instrument to assess community resilience.","authors":"Rose L Pfefferbaum,&nbsp;Barbara R Neas,&nbsp;Betty Pfefferbaum,&nbsp;Fran H Norris,&nbsp;Richard L Van Horn","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While building community resilience to disasters is becoming an important strategy in emergency management, this is a new field of research with few available instruments for assessing community resilience. This article describes the development of the Communities Advancing Resilience Toolkit (CART) survey instrument. CART is a community intervention designed to enhance community resilience to disasters, in part, by engaging communities in measuring it. The survey instrument, originally based on community capacity and related literature and on key informant input, was refined through a series of four field tests. Community organizations worked with researchers in a participatory action process that provided access to samples and helped to guide the research. Exploratory factor analysis performed after each field test led to the identification of four interrelated constructs (also called domains) which represent the foundation for CART Connection and Caring, Resources, Transformative Potential, and Disaster Management. This model was confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis on two community samples. The CART survey can provide data for organizations and communities interested in assessing a community's resilience to disasters. Baseline data, preferably collected pre disaster can be compared to data collected post disaster and/or post intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":81544,"journal":{"name":"International journal of emergency mental health","volume":"15 1","pages":"15-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31830932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}