Aquacultural Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Optimization and performance evaluation of an integrated showering type aeration cum feeding system (i-STAFS) for tank-based shrimp nursery aquaculture","authors":"R.U. Roshan,&nbsp;Mohammad Tanveer","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2025.102618","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2025.102618","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the performance of integrated showering type aeration cum feeding system (i-STAFS) a modified design of showering aeration system (SAS) was evaluated and optimized to determine its applicability in tank base aquaculture practices. The experiments were conducted in a fibre reinforced plastic (FRP) tank of dimension 1.7 m x 0.7 m x 0.6 m to study the effects of various geometric and dynamic variables viz., height of water fall (H) (h), diameter of shower hole (d) (D), number of hole in the shower plate (N) (n) and distance between the shower (W) on the key indexing parameters such as Standrad Oxygen Transfer Rate (SOTR), Standard Aeration Efficiency (SAE), feed retention (X1) and water spray area (X2) to analyze the aeration and feeding efficiency of i-STAFS. A schedule of experiments comprising 28 trials designed using Central Composite Design (CCD) was carried out to obtain the optimum values of geometric parameter. Results showed that maximum SAE and SOTR were obtained when H= 1 m, d= 2 mm, N = 80nos, W= 0.8 m. Further, the trials were conducted to analyze the effectiveness of the feeding unit of i-STAFS and the minimum feed retention (X₁)= 0.88 g (out of 250 g) and maximum water spread area (X₂)= 50 cm² was observed when h= 0.6 m, D= 3 mm, n = 60nos. Finally, a performance testing of i-STAFS was done with <em>P.vannamei</em> in comparison with the existing diffuser type aeration system for a period of 25 days in two separate tanks. The test outcome revealed that good water quality parameter conducive of <em>P.vannamei</em> culture is maintained by i-STAFS when compared to the diffuser. Also, the feed consumption ratio (FCR), which is a key parameter for animal growth is significantly low in comparison with diffuser aeration system which indicates a better growth rate and production when operated with i-STAFS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8120,"journal":{"name":"Aquacultural Engineering","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 102618"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AquaChat: An LLM-guided ROV framework for adaptive inspection of aquaculture net pens","authors":"Waseem Akram,&nbsp;Muhayy Ud Din,&nbsp;Abdelhaleem Saad,&nbsp;Irfan Hussain","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2025.102607","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2025.102607","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inspection of aquaculture net pens is essential for maintaining the structural integrity, biosecurity, and operational efficiency of fish farming systems. Traditional inspection approaches rely on pre-programmed missions or manual control, offering limited adaptability to dynamic underwater conditions and user-specific demands. In this study, we propose AquaChat, a novel Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) framework that integrates Large Language Models (LLMs) for instruction-driven, intelligent and adaptive net pen inspection. The system features a multi-layered architecture: (1) a high-level planning layer that interprets natural language user commands using an LLM to generate symbolic task plans; (2) a mid-level task manager that translates plans into ROV control sequences; and (3) a low-level motion control layer that executes navigation and inspection tasks with precision. Real-time feedback and event-triggered replanning enhance robustness in challenging aquaculture environments. The framework is validated through experiments in both simulated and controlled aquatic environments representative of aquaculture net pens. Results demonstrate improved task flexibility, inspection accuracy, and operational efficiency. AquaChat illustrates the potential of integrating language-based AI with marine robotics to enable intelligent, user-interactive inspection systems for sustainable aquaculture operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8120,"journal":{"name":"Aquacultural Engineering","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 102607"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144895786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating submerged and surface feeding strategies in farmed Atlantic Cod: Energetic and production perspectives","authors":"Peygham Ghaffari ,&nbsp;Thor Magne Jonassen ,&nbsp;Johannes Kvam ,&nbsp;Fredrik Staven ,&nbsp;Trond M. Kortner ,&nbsp;Guro Løkka ,&nbsp;Julianne Jacobsen","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2025.102613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2025.102613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the influence of submerged versus surface feeding strategies on behavior and growth performance in farmed Atlantic Cod (<em>Gadus morhua</em>) in a full-scale, surface-based open cage system in northern Norway. Cod receiving submerged feed consistently occupied deeper and more stable vertical positions than surface-fed fish, particularly under elevated surface temperatures (<span><math><mrow><mo>&gt;</mo><mn>15</mn><mspace></mspace><mo>°</mo><mtext>C</mtext></mrow></math></span>). While both groups exhibited diurnal vertical migrations, submerged-fed Cod displayed tighter vertical cohesion and reduced surface avoidance. The SGR was slightly higher in the submerged-fed group (<span><math><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>39</mn><mtext>%</mtext><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mtext>day</mtext></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> vs. <span><math><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>35</mn><mtext>%</mtext><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mtext>day</mtext></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>), likely reflecting reduced thermal stress and better alignment with the species’ natural foraging depth. However, FCR was marginally poorer (1.23 vs. 1.20), possibly due to increased feeding competition caused by localized feed delivery. In contrast, surface feeding provided more uniform feed dispersion, resulting in lower competition and more efficient feed utilization. Mortality rates were comparable between treatments (24.2% submerged vs. 23.4% surface), with peaks observed during a warm-water starvation phase. Principal component analysis identified feed availability as the primary driver of behavioral dynamics, followed by temperature and biomass. Submerged feeding also promoted greater behavioral synchrony and depth targeting under thermally stratified conditions. These findings highlight a trade-off between growth potential and feed efficiency, shaped by the spatial and competitive dynamics of feeding depth. They underline the importance of species- and site-specific feeding strategies, particularly in environments subject to thermal stress. The results can inform the optimization of feeding depth, scheduling, net pen configuration, and feeder design and placement. Furthermore, they support the development of behavior-informed, adaptive management tools aimed at improving production efficiency and fish welfare in Cod aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8120,"journal":{"name":"Aquacultural Engineering","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 102613"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144878501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the influence of solid-liquid two-phase flow on the flow field effect and stability of square reefs","authors":"Wenhua Chu ,&nbsp;Xinyang Zhang ,&nbsp;Minghao Zhai ,&nbsp;Liuyang Pan ,&nbsp;Zijing Zhao ,&nbsp;Qiaoli Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2025.102611","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2025.102611","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the waters around artificial reefs, due to the driving effect of water flow on sediment, there will be a solid-liquid two-phase flow mixture, which will cause the reef to settle and affect its hydrodynamic performance. In this study, the computational fluid dynamics method was used to establish the numerical calculation model of solid-liquid two-phase flow field and square reef, and the influence of particle concentration factor and reef settlement depth on the flow field effect and stability of reef was analyzed. The settlement and the increase of particle concentration caused by the solid-liquid two-phase flow will lead to the formation of vortexs around the reef and limited effects on the stability. 1)In terms of flow field effect, the particle concentration of the flow field increases from 0.03 kg/m³ to 2 kg/m³, the volume of the upflow decreases by 8.4 %, and the volume of the downflow increases by 24.1 %, indicating that the change of particle concentration in the flow field has limited influence on the flow field effect; 2)In terms of stability, the particle concentration in the flow field increased from 0.03 kg/m³ to 2 kg/m³, and the anti-slip coefficient and anti-overturning coefficient decreased by 8.5 %, indicating that the change of particle concentration in the flow field had limited influence on the stability. When the reef settlement is 67.5 %, the anti-overturning coefficient and anti-slip coefficient increase by 71.9 %, indicating that the settlement can increase the stability. The purpose of this study is to provide a reference for the site selection of square reefs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8120,"journal":{"name":"Aquacultural Engineering","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 102611"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144878698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A video-based behavioral classification framework for assessing stress responses in the cultured clam Meretrix taiwanica using a convolutional object detection model","authors":"Sheng-Xiang Xu ,&nbsp;Alexander Munyaev ,&nbsp;Ing-Jer Huang ,&nbsp;Li-Lian Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2025.102614","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2025.102614","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monitoring animal behavior is critical in aquaculture for assessing health status and detecting stress, yet this remains particularly challenging for infaunal clams due to the absence of suitable automated monitoring approaches. This study presents a video-based behavioral classification framework for the cultured clam <em>Meretrix taiwanica</em>, utilizing a YOLOv9 object detection model. Behavioral states were defined based on siphon activity and burrowing status, and classified into four states: siphon (S), hidden (H), exposed with siphon (ES), and exposed (E). Exposure experiments simulating aquaculture stressors, including reduced salinity and elevated temperatures, were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed framework. Under low salinity conditions (6 psu), clams showed increased hidden and exposed states, alongside reduced siphon activity, likely reflecting stage-specific behavioral progression and inter-individual variation in coping strategies under sustained osmotic stress. In response to thermal stress, the number of clams with siphon state initially increased under stressful high-temperature conditions (32–36°C), followed by a decline under extreme heat (36–40°C), coinciding with an increase in individuals exhibiting shell exposure and physiological deterioration. Behavioral changes proved more sensitive than wet weight in detecting early stress responses. The detection model achieved high performance, with an overall mean Average Precision (mAP₅₀) of 0.977. In all, this study provides a promising foundation for real-time, non-invasive behavioral monitoring systems in infaunal bivalves, with potential applications in aquaculture management and early warning strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8120,"journal":{"name":"Aquacultural Engineering","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 102614"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robust shrimp disease detection using multi-model convolutional neural networks-based ensemble strategies","authors":"Birkan Büyükarıkan","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2025.102616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2025.102616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Viral shrimp diseases pose serious threats to aquaculture production and public health. The lack of effective treatments for these viral infections highlights the urgent need for the development of early and accurate detection methods. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have emerged as a promising solution for the non-destructive identification of shrimp diseases. However, individual CNN models may have limitations in accurately classifying these diseases. To address this issue, combining the outputs of multiple CNN models using ensemble learning approaches can be advantageous. In this context, this study aims to classify shrimp diseases using multiple CNN models and ensemble learning strategies. Beta normalization, hard voting, and weighted ensemble learning approaches were employed in the study. The experiments were conducted on a publicly available dataset. In the study, 11 different pre-trained CNN models were used, and their performance was evaluated using 5-fold cross-validation. The results showed that the MobileNet model achieved the highest individual performance, with an average accuracy of 0.919 ± 0.001. This model was followed by DenseNet169, DenseNet121, and DenseNet201 in terms of accuracy rates. The weighted learning strategy (WM-3) using these four models achieved an average accuracy of 0.973 ± 0.004. Additionally, the Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) method was used to evaluate the decision-making mechanisms of these models. Statistical evaluations were performed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test and Cohen's d effect size analysis. These findings indicate that utilizing ensemble strategies with a combination of heterogeneous CNN models can significantly improve the accuracy of shrimp disease classification compared to individual CNN models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8120,"journal":{"name":"Aquacultural Engineering","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 102616"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural parameter optimization and hydrodynamic analysis of rotatable horizontal aquaculture cage","authors":"Bin Wang ,&nbsp;Hao Wang ,&nbsp;Zhongxu Tian ,&nbsp;Jun Zhang ,&nbsp;Fang Wang ,&nbsp;Zhijian Liu ,&nbsp;Danjie Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2025.102615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2025.102615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To enhance the stability of the rotatable horizontal aquaculture cage (RHAC) in marine environments, this study proposes an optimization strategy aimed at improving the primary structural configuration, while improving the motion characteristics, ensuring adequate aquaculture space. A parametric model of the RHAC is established, and single-factor experiments are conducted to analyze the effects of different net cage radius (<em>r</em>), net cage cone angle (<em>α</em>), and net cage length (<em>L</em>) on response amplitude operators (RAOs) and displacement, which refers to the movement of the center of gravity of the RHAC relative to the origin. Based on the response surface methodology (RSM), a predictive model for cage displacement and volume is constructed to elucidate the matching relationship between the main structural parameters (<em>r</em>, <em>α</em>, <em>L</em>) and stability. Three sets of optimization schemes are formed by minimizing displacement and maximizing volume as joint optimization objectives combined with single-objective optimization. The predicted values of the optimization design points are compared with corresponding numerical simulation results, with a maximum deviation of 9.04 %, which verifies the effectiveness of the optimization. The research results indicate that the stability and aquaculture space of the cage can be effectively balanced through structural parameters optimization. When <em>r</em> = 10 m, <em>α</em>= 30.001°, and <em>L</em>= 43.415 m, the optimization effect is optimal. Compared to the initial design, cage displacement is reduced by 10.07 %, while the volume increased by 44.70 %. Additionally, the RAOs in the sway, heave, roll, pitch, and yaw directions are significantly reduced. This study deepens the analysis of the hydrodynamic performance of the RHAC, offers theoretical support and design guidance for its engineering applications, further enhances its adaptability and aquaculture efficiency in complex marine environments</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8120,"journal":{"name":"Aquacultural Engineering","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 102615"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144860585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lactic acid production from filamentous algae grown using aquaponics wastewater","authors":"Nicholas Burgess ,&nbsp;Suan Shi ,&nbsp;Jing Li ,&nbsp;David Blersch","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2025.102610","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2025.102610","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Food production from aquaponics can produce much nutrient-rich wastewater that otherwise might be recovered in productive processes for sustainable practices. Algae cultivation for nutrient recovery from incidental waste streams in aquaculture production provides an opportunity for valuable materials recovery from such processes. The purpose of this work was to investigate the use of green filamentous algae grown from aquaculture wastewater as a feedstock for lactic acid fermentation. Filamentous green algae community was grown on tilapia aquaculture wastewater under a range of nutrient dilutions in floway reactor systems, with repeated periodic harvest resulting in algal biomass recovery. Algae biomass yields resulting in a mean ash free dry weight productivity of 7 g m⁻² d⁻¹ were observed. Lactic acid fermentation of this biomass was performed under variations of process amendments, resulting in a peak lactic acid concentration of 20 g L⁻¹ and a yield of 80 % lactic acid from the available sugars. These amounts were comparable to yields obtained from LA fermentation of cucumber waste biomass derived from the same aquaponics system. As such, filamentous algae for lactic acid fermentation were found to be a promising approach for mass and nutrient recovery in aquaponics production systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8120,"journal":{"name":"Aquacultural Engineering","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 102610"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical simulation of nodule mesh hydrodynamics based on CFD","authors":"Kai Chen ,&nbsp;Liang Feng ,&nbsp;Lei Wang ,&nbsp;Xuekai Lu ,&nbsp;Feng Yu ,&nbsp;Fankai Ai","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2025.102609","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2025.102609","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid advancement of the aquaculture industry, deep-sea aquaculture has become the primary development direction for ocean-based fish farming. As the key structural barrier that protects cultured species, the netting system plays a critical role in determining the hydrodynamic performance and operational stability of aquaculture cages. In particular, understanding the hydrodynamic loading and flow-around characteristics of mesh structures is essential for optimizing net design and ensuring structural resilience under various environmental conditions. In this study, the hydrodynamic loading and flow bypassing characteristics of small-scale nodular mesh structures were investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, with the aim of revealing the influence of key structural and flow parameters on their hydrodynamic behavior. The numerical results indicate that the drag coefficient reaches its maximum at an angle of attack (<em>AOA</em>) of 90°. Within the range of 45° to 90° <em>AOA</em>, the T0 knotted mesh exhibits a higher drag coefficient than the T45 configuration. In contrast, between 0° and 45° <em>AOA</em>, the T0 mesh yields lower drag compared to T45. Regarding lift characteristics, the maximum lift coefficient occurs near 45° <em>AOA</em> and decreases progressively as the <em>AOA</em> approaches 0° or 90°. At all tested angles, the T0 mesh consistently demonstrates a higher lift coefficient than the T45 mesh. An increase in mesh solidity leads to a reduction in drag coefficient. Additionally, variations in twine diameter have a more pronounced effect on the drag performance of the knotted mesh than changes in twine length. The presence of knots significantly extends the wake region downstream of the cross-flow area. As the <em>AOA</em> decreases, the extent of the low-velocity wake behind the knotted mesh diminishes. Moreover, modifying mesh compactness by altering twine diameter has a greater influence on the surrounding flow field, local velocity gradients, and pressure distribution than changes in twine length.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8120,"journal":{"name":"Aquacultural Engineering","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 102609"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144889532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revolutionizing aquaculture feeds: insights into black soldier fly utilization","authors":"Carlos Frimpong Akowuah ,&nbsp;Ye Pan ,&nbsp;Zijun Shi ,&nbsp;Xiaoyong Liu ,&nbsp;Ronghai He ,&nbsp;Peng Lü","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2025.102612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2025.102612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Black Soldier Fly (<em>Hermetia illucens)</em> is emerging as a sustainable alternative to conventional aquafeed proteins. This review integrates recent advances in BSF utilization across nutrition, processing, automation, and environmental systems. Key processing methods such as defatting, extrusion, and advanced drying are evaluated for their impact on nutrient retention, digestibility, and pellet quality. The role of smart infrastructure, including automation and real-time monitoring, is discussed as essential for scalable BSF farming. Environmental benefits are assessed through life cycle analyses and circular economy models, highlighting BSF’s capacity to valorise organic waste. Challenges such as substrate variability, production standardization, and waste management are addressed from both engineering and biological perspectives. Emerging strategies such as microbiome-informed feed design and system-specific optimization underscore the need for integrated approaches. This review positions BSF not only as a sustainable feed component but also as a driver of innovation at the intersection of aquaculture, biotechnology, and environmental engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8120,"journal":{"name":"Aquacultural Engineering","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 102612"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144860584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}