Ethnology最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of the Effect of Propofol-Remifentanil and Propofol-Hydralazine on the Bleeding Volume During Dacryocystorhinostomy Surgery Under General Anesthesia.","authors":"Hamidreza Shetabi, Seyed Jalal Hashemi, Somaye Ghaleshahi","doi":"10.4103/abr.abr_57_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/abr.abr_57_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The present study was performed to compare the effectiveness of propofol-remifentanil and propofol-hydralazine in inducing controlled hypotension in patients undergoing the dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) surgery and reducing their bleeding volume during surgery.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The present double-blind, randomized clinical trial was performed on 70 patients who were candidates for DCR surgery and divided into two groups. In both the groups, general anesthesia protocol was performed. Moreover, in the first group, a syringe containing 2 mg of remifentanil in 20 ml of distilled water (0.1 mg/ml) was infused at the rate of 0.15 μg/kg/min (P + R group). In the second group, a syringe containing 20 mg of hydralazine in 20 ml of distilled water (1 mg/ml) was infused at the rate of 0.5-10 mg/h (P + H group).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The hemodynamic parameters were not significantly different between the two groups in the studied times (<i>P</i> > 0.05). In contrast, the bleeding volume in the P + R group with the mean of 61.29 ± 50.06 ml was significantly lower than that of the P + H group with the mean of 152.31 ± 90.81 ml (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Moreover, the mean score of surgeon's satisfaction level in the P + R group was higher than that of the P + H group (5.91 ± 0.28 vs. 4.29 ± 0.65; <i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to the results of this study, there was no significant difference between the P + H and P + R groups in terms of fluctuations in the hemodynamic parameters and the occurrence of complications. However, a reduction in the bleeding volume and a higher satisfaction level of the surgeon were observed in the P + R group compared with the P + H group.</p>","PeriodicalId":81209,"journal":{"name":"Ethnology","volume":"15 1","pages":"207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10699216/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90975624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Patient Access to Their Electronic Health Record on Medication Management Safety: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Ghadah Assiri","doi":"10.1016/j.jsps.2022.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsps.2022.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>As the American's Federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) stated that patients should be allowed to review their medical records, and as information technology is ever more widely used by healthcare professionals and patients, providing patients with online access to their own medical records through a patient portal is becoming increasingly popular. Previous research has been done regarding the impact on the quality and safety of patients' care, rather than explicitly on medication safety, when providing those patients with access to their electronic health records (EHRs).</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This narrative review aims to summarise the results from previous studies on the impact on medication management safety concepts of adult patients accessing information contained in their own EHRs.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>A total of 24 studies were included in this review. The most two commonly studied measures of safety in medication management were: (a) medication adherence and (b) patient-reported experience. Other measures, such as: discrepancies, medication errors, appropriateness and Adverse Drug Events (ADEs) were the least studied.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results suggest that providing patients with access to their EHRs can improve medication management safety. Patients pointed out improvements to the safety of their medications and perceived stronger medication control. The data from these studies lay the foundation for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":81209,"journal":{"name":"Ethnology","volume":"29 1","pages":"185-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9051961/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90979364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"(IN) FERTILITY AND THE MODERN FEMALE LIFE COURSE IN TWO SOUTHERN NIGERIAN COMMUNITIES.","authors":"Marida Hollos, Bruce Whitehouse","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Being \"modern\" is an aspiration for many in sub-Saharan Africa and entails certain widely held expectations regarding material living conditions and social status. Using ethnographic and survey data on female fertility from two communities of southern Nigeria, this article describes some of the ways women are becoming modern and analyzes the forces behind these changes. The discussion includes education, initiation rites, premarital pregnancy, marriage, and the influence of Pentecostal Christianity. In agreement with modernization theory, there is a trend toward women becoming more educated and autonomous. They also increasingly valorize monogamy, companionate marriage, smaller families, and inclusion in the formal economy. In contradiction to the expectations of modernization theory, there is no decline in supernatural beliefs. Contemporary Christian churches are important to women becoming modern by helping them develop networks through voluntary associations, responding to women's aspirations for material goods, alleviating kin obligations, and encouraging personal spiritual advancement. (Southern Nigeria women, fertility, modernity, Pentecostal Christianity).</p>","PeriodicalId":81209,"journal":{"name":"Ethnology","volume":"47 1","pages":"23-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3721185/pdf/nihms479935.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31613958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The personal consequences of globalization in Taiwan","authors":"Y. Tsai, Mei-lin Lee, Temu Wang","doi":"10.2307/20456602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/20456602","url":null,"abstract":"Accelerated globalization in Taiwan has affected the work, jobs, and lives of people since the 1970s. Examples reported here are from in-depth interviews with eight principal income earners selected from a sample of 1,000 households during 2000. Among them were more losers than winners. Those hardest hit were people whose work or business was in the informal, traditional economic sectors.","PeriodicalId":81209,"journal":{"name":"Ethnology","volume":"45 1","pages":"275-286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/20456602","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69217835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The empty gesture: tourette syndrome and the semantic dimension of illness","authors":"Andrew Buckser","doi":"10.2307/20456601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/20456601","url":null,"abstract":"This article, based on fieldwork with people with Tourette Syndrome (TS), explores how problems of cultural classification shape the experience, treatment, and social significance of disease symptoms. TS resists incorporation into the standard con ceptual frameworks through which Americans understand illness. Its symptoms seem to stand between the psychological and the neurological, between the uncon trolled physicality of movement disorders and the disordered intentionality of psychiatric conditions. The difficulties of translating these behaviors into a cultural discourse which cannot easily accommodate them amount to semantic symptoms, and are the primary burden of TS for its sufferers. The article considers some of the key conceptual ambiguities involved in TS, the difficulties they present, and some of the methods by which people address them. It argues that a focus on such semantic aspects of illness can provide a fuller understanding of the relationship between culture and illness, which can contribute to the well-being of afflicted persons. (Tourette Syndrome, semantic aspects of illness, medical anthropology) The man staring at Meredith from the far side of the bus brought her out of her reverie, and she realized with a start that she was winking. He peered at her over his newspaper with an uneasy expression she had seen before. The manager of a medical office, Meredith Williams' looked like most of the other passengers on the bus, well dressed and carefully groomed. The intermittent squeeze of her right eye, however, accompanied by a slight opening of the mouth and a twitch of the nose, suggested some sort of mental instability. He was struggling to make sense of her, she knew, so she decided to help him. She opened the eye wide and pulled on the lower lid, blinked it again a few times, and then looked up at him with a smile. \"Don't you hate contact lenses?\" Comprehension dawned on him visibly, and he smiled back; the tension evaporated, he returned to his newspaper, and Meredith spent the rest of the short journey concentrating on not blinking. When her stop came he did not even notice her leaving. Such experiences are common for people with Tourette Syndrome. TS sufferers in Indiana interviewed over the past two years have almost all told one or another story like Meredith's, in which a stranger's perception of a neuro logical tic is deflected by a quick act of misdirection. The episodes begin with a tension, as the observer visibly struggles to make sense of a puzzling or nonsensical behavior; the observed person then provides a context, such as attributing the blinking to an irritating contact lens; and the episode concludes","PeriodicalId":81209,"journal":{"name":"Ethnology","volume":"45 1","pages":"255-274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/20456601","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69217815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exchange in Buriatia: mutual support, indebtedness, and kinship","authors":"Katherine R. Metzo","doi":"10.2307/20456603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/20456603","url":null,"abstract":"Post-socialist exchange in the Tunka valley of the Buriat Republic, Russia, has a range of economic transactions ambiguously referred to as mutual support. These transactions reproduce social connections and are a form of investment in one's future. Residents of Tunka represent these activities in moral terms, in which kinship is used as a metaphor for the trusted and close social ties that make up social exchange networks.","PeriodicalId":81209,"journal":{"name":"Ethnology","volume":"45 1","pages":"287-303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/20456603","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69217899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental-Formal Analysis of Kinship","authors":"Murray Leaf","doi":"10.2307/20456604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/20456604","url":null,"abstract":"The experimental method, in its most important sense, is a prescription for conducting a system of experiments, each answering questions raised by others until the analysis seems complete. I previously published an experimental method for the field elicitation of kinship terminologies, but did not demonstrate the chain of experimental procedures by which the elicitation and final results are connected. These analyses show the logical structure of kinship terminologies and how kinship systems are built on them. This article describes that chain and those developed by colleagues that deepen the analysis. It is the most complete and accurate account of the field data of kinship. It applies equally well to other cultural systems, and in showing the fundamental conceptual structures of kinship, it allows us to see how the power of conceptual systems like kinship rest in the rational basis of culture and, conversely, the cultural basis of rationality.","PeriodicalId":81209,"journal":{"name":"Ethnology","volume":"45 1","pages":"305-330"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/20456604","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69217904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioral relations for components of recent preindustrial modernization: quantitative assessment","authors":"Trevor Denton","doi":"10.2307/20456596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/20456596","url":null,"abstract":"Murdock and Provost (1973) designed their scale to measure recent preindustrial modernization, not cultural complexity. However, they gave no conceptual definition of modernization or any ontology for it. A conceptual definition of what their scale measures is given in such a way as to encompass both preindustrial and contemporary modernization. Conceptual and empirical evidence validating the definition is given. Using Spearman partial correlations and confirmatory factor analysis, steps are taken toward an ontology of behavioral relations interconnecting Murdock and Provost's (1973) 10 subscales. The causes and consequences of the 10 subscales are examined. For data on recent preindustrial societies the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample is used. For data on contemporary countries World Bank World Development Indicators are employed. A variety of implications are clarified, including unilinear evolution within a probabilistic framework, contemporary development as modernization, and suggestions for the conceptual lexicon of archaeologists.","PeriodicalId":81209,"journal":{"name":"Ethnology","volume":"45 1","pages":"229-254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/20456596","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69218132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining a true buddhist : Meditation and knowledge formation in Burma","authors":"Ingrid Jordt","doi":"10.2307/20456594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/20456594","url":null,"abstract":"This article considers Fredrik Barth's call to reconceptualize how anthropologists approach the study of complex societies through a study of how knowledge is differentially embodied by individuals within a population and how these bodies of knowledge are produced and sustained. Burma's lay meditation movement serves as a case study for how knowledge communities emerge. The focus is on how people who acquire meditation-derived knowledge, as contrasted with cosmological and traditional forms of Buddhist knowledge, practice, and identity, comprise a community of knowers. This membership is based on individual experiences in meditation and does not conform to membership in prior social and religious categories. The case provides an example of how knowledge is constituted, justified, and shared, within an emergent community.","PeriodicalId":81209,"journal":{"name":"Ethnology","volume":"45 1","pages":"193-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/20456594","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69217283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racial democracy and nationalism in Panama","authors":"C. Guerrón-Montero","doi":"10.2307/20456595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/20456595","url":null,"abstract":"In spite of having more fluid and flexible racial boundaries than other regions of the world, Latin America continues to have racially hegemonic practices. Panama has a myth of racial egalitarianism, yet an inability to perceive that racial inequality is pervasive. This is illustrated with the paradox of race relations between Afro-Antilleans and the indigenous peoples in the Archipelago of Bocas del Toro. Intermarriage in the region and the notion that there is no racial inequality contrasts with the constant recognition of differences. Race relations and ethnic identity in this region have their origins in the competition between British, North American, and Central American interests, and have been shaped in relation to Panamanian nationalism.","PeriodicalId":81209,"journal":{"name":"Ethnology","volume":"45 1","pages":"209-228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/20456595","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69218044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}