Dansk medicinhistorisk arbog最新文献

{"title":"[An international medical expert committee's participation in uncovering the truth on the liquidation of Polish officers found in mass graves at Katyn in the spring of 1943 and the biography of a Danish participant, Helge Tramsen (1910-1979)].","authors":"Nils Rosdahl","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article is based on a paper read as a invited speaker at a conference, entitled \"Medical experts and expertise in cases of humanitarian crises \"convened by the University of Geneva and the Committee of the International Red Cross in April 2007. The article starts with an overview of Polish history from the end of World War I up to the disclosure of the mass graves in the spring of 1943, but is otherwise a translation of the original English lecture with some additions from new findings.in archives. Helge tramsen was born into a bourgois family in Copenhagen. After graduation in medicine from the University of Copenhegen in 1936 he married a British woman and joined the naval medical corps and also embarked on a surgical career.. From 1940 to 1943 he was prosector at the Institute of Forensic Medicine at the University of Copenhagen. After the finding of the mass graves at Katyn, Germany requested from a number of European countries under German control forensic experts to join an international commission to investigate the findings. As the professor of forensic medicine declined perobably due to health reasons Tramsen was sent. During the German occupation of Denmark 1940 to 1945 Tramsen according to family tradition participated in the resistance movement and he consulted with members of the more conservative part of it and was recommended to go to Germany with an added purpose of being able to transport material out of Germany. He went with special plane from Copenhagen to Berlin, where he joined the international group, which later flew to Smolensk via Warszawa. He conducted a post mortem on the body of a Polish officer, selected by himself. Following that he attended in the discussion on the final report, which later in Berlin was handed over to the German minister of health, and which later formed an important part of the official German material accusing the USSR for the killing. During his stay in Berlin he claimed to have collected material, which in his opinion was drawings of the Eder Möwe dams and brought it back to Copenhagen with the severed head of the body of the Polish officer, on which he has carried out the post mortem. After Tramsen's return to Denmark, a British agent obtained his travel report and sent it to London and he later obtained additional information from Tramsen on the unanimous and voluntary conclusion of the experts. No information on the drawings and the head can be found in British archives. According to Tramsen's own account as a naval officer on activities during the occupation, he participated in sabotage actions, but that can not be substantiated by other sources. However, he participated in July 1944 in an attach on a fortress north of Copenhagen, held by the German Navy; the attach failed, and Transen went under ground, but later returned to his flat in Copenhagen, where he was taken prisoner by German security police. As prisoner he underwent torture and was subjected to mocked execution. He was","PeriodicalId":81069,"journal":{"name":"Dansk medicinhistorisk arbog","volume":"36 ","pages":"133-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28059884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Buffon, the director of 'Jardin du Roi' in the 1700s].","authors":"Bernard Jeune,&nbsp;Hans Christian Petersen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Buffon and Linné were the two greatest naturalists of the 1700s. As they were both born in 1707, their 300 anniversaries were therefore celebrated in France and Sweden. At the celebration meeting at the University of Bourgogne in Dijon - The Buffon Legacy - September 3-6, 2007, we presented the following paper: \"Buffon and the longevity of species\". In the present paper the life and work of Buffon is introduced on the basis of recent literature, including Jacques Roger's famous biography. Among non-biologists Buffon has nearly been forgotten, even though in the 1700s he was considered to be at the same level as the most famous French thinkers of the Enlightenment - Montesquieu, Voltaire, Rousseau and Diderot. His largest contributions were the publication of his comprehensive \"Histoire naturelle\" and his long and significant leadership of \"Jardin du Roi\", which he built up to become one of the best scientific institutions of Europe. Buffon's scientific contributions wereas overshadowed by those of Linné, as it was his classification system, which became dominant all overn Europe. Buffon's student Lamarck and later Darwin contributed by pushing Buffon in oblivion of history, even though Darwin valued him highly. However, in recent decades Buffon is experiencing a renaissance in connection with the increasing interest in biological anthropology, biogeography, ethology, and ecology, as well as on account of his modern species concept.</p>","PeriodicalId":81069,"journal":{"name":"Dansk medicinhistorisk arbog","volume":"36 ","pages":"57-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28059881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Pictures from the Dolphin Pharmacy in Copenhagen].","authors":"Poul R Kruse,&nbsp;Edith Kruse,&nbsp;Svend Norn,&nbsp;Henrik Permin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of the pharmacy in the 19th and 20th centuries is illustrated by education and activity in the Dolphin Pharmacy in Copenhagen. The career within chemistry and pharmacy started with an apprenticeship of 4 year in the pharmacies. The Dolphin Pharmacy was responsible for part of the examination, i.e. the examination of the preparation of medicine. Passing the examination the chemist's assistant was free to prepare and to dispense medicine. Graduation as a pharmaceutical candidate was necessary to obtain license. Lectures in chemistry, physics, pharmacy, botany and pharmacognosy were obtained at the University of Copenhagen and the Polytechnic, but no curriculum was available. A rational education was obtained later on by the establishment of the School of Pharmacy in 1892. The proprietor pharmacists of the Dolphin Pharmacy were excellent scientists who contributed to the development of pharmacy. Pictures of the pharmacy from about the 1930s show the manufacture of medicines on the basis of a prescription and a pharmacopoeia. Ointments containing zinc white, sulphur and tar were used for various skin diseases and for the tiresome cough; cough mixtures containing codeine or extract of ipecacuanha root were used. In the 1930s the medicine for injection was sterilized and the tablet machine was the breakthrough for a rational production in the pharmacy. However, at the end of the 1900s it was no more possible to compete with the pharmaceutical industry and all the production of medicine was taken over by the industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":81069,"journal":{"name":"Dansk medicinhistorisk arbog","volume":"35 ","pages":"142-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27330710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Last resort? Some incidents in the history of psychosurgery in Denmark].","authors":"Jesper Vaczy Kragh","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 1935 psychosurgery was invented in Portugal by Egas Moniz. A few years later the new therapy for psychiatric patients were introduced and widely used in Danish mental hospitals. Why did Danish psychiatrists utilize an uncertain and unsafe treatment, and what conditions contributed to the extensive use of psychosurgery in Denmark? To answer these questions, this article focuses on the large archives from the Directorate of the State Mental Hospitals and various mental hospitals in order to investigate the negotiations regarding psychosurgery. Especially the case notes from the State Mental Hospital in Vordingborg, a hospital with 850 beds in southern Zealand, give an insight into the doctors' considerations, when they contemplated on using psychosurgery. In the archive in Vordingborg 336 patient records from lobotomized patients have been found and subjected to statistical analysis in this article. The analysis of the patient records from Vordingborg and other state mental hospitals shows that the practise of lobotomy was a complex matter, and a number of different factors played a part in the wide use of the therapy in Denmark. Especially the dire conditions of the mental hospitals in the 1940s and 1950s made doctors consider psychosurgery a solution for the many patients living a miserable life in the back wards of the hospitals. Patients, who had spent years of their lives in the hospital's \"disturbed wards\", were particularly exposed to psychosurgery. In the patients records the most common indications for psychosurgery were \"unruly\" and \"aggressive\" behaviour, but other factors such as the patient's lengths of stay in the hospital, patients racked with pain, and lack of response to other somatic treatments could also prompt psychiatrists to employ lobotomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":81069,"journal":{"name":"Dansk medicinhistorisk arbog","volume":"35 ","pages":"9-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27330704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Notes on blood letting in Denmark].","authors":"Kjartan Seyer-Hansen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blood letting has been documented in Denmark since the thirteenth century. In the following span of time the operation has always been part of both the established medicine and the informal, alternative health sector. The paper demonstrates, based on Danish sources, how the same procedure has been given widely different interpretations depending on the prevailing medical theories.</p>","PeriodicalId":81069,"journal":{"name":"Dansk medicinhistorisk arbog","volume":"35 ","pages":"53-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27330706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The pharmacy at Broager. An odyssey finally resulting in the pharmacy at Broager].","authors":"Jürgen Hansen,&nbsp;Verner Andersen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A brief description is given of the attempts made between 1867 and 1911 to establish a pharmacy in the village of Broager. Broager is located in the middle of Broagerland peninsula in the south-eastern part of Sønderjylland, Denmark. After the war in 1864 between Denmark and Prussia/Austria the Duchy Schleswig was occupied and became part of the Province Schleswig-Holstein in 1867. Broagerland was part of the province until 1920. The first attempt, in 1867, was made by a pharmacist from Flensburg--before the administrative changes of 1867 were implemented--and his attempt was accepted by the authorities. However, the following administrative changes in Schleswig-Holstein in 1867 delayed the matter which finally was not approved. The authorities in Schleswig-Holstein--including the district medical officer--were not in favor of the idea of a pharmacy at Broager and, thus, could not recommend the applications from 1867, 1881, 1897, and 1901. Arguments by the \"Landrath\" to the 1901-application were partly related to the risk of getting similar applications from other villages in his district and partly to the negative effects on the income of the existing pharmacists at the nearest pharmacies in Gråsten and Sønderborg. The fact that ten local authorities (kommuneforstandere) supported the application in 1901, and that about half the population had signed the petition, did not affect the \"Landrath\". The fifth application in 1911 by the \"amtsforstander\" was successful, and a pharmacy was established at Broager June 6 1912. The first pharmacist was August Johannes Richard Kröger, born at Altona January 30 1869. His colleagues until 1920 are listed. Kröger died August 14 1920. The five attempts to establish the pharmacy in Broager are not described in De danske Apotekers Historie, where only information regarding the pharmacy and pharmacists in Broager after 1920 can be found.</p>","PeriodicalId":81069,"journal":{"name":"Dansk medicinhistorisk arbog","volume":"35 ","pages":"117-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27330709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[A royal eye lesion].","authors":"Ib Søgaard","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 67-year old danish King Christian IV commanded one of the battle ships called \"Trefoldigheden\" (\"Trinity\") in a confrontation with the Swedish navy at Kolberger Heide july 1.st 1644. He himself was injured when a Swedish canon ball hit the dolphin (the handle of the canon) and both exploded. A large number of metal fragments were spread over the deck and 2 noble men standing beside the king were mortally injured. Christian's lesions were in his right face, forehead and eye and he lost his vision on this eye. It has been suggested that this was due to a later infection with shrinking of the eye. The King however claimed that nothing was to observe on the eye ball. The King lived until 1648. No paintings exist from the period 1644-48 that reveals his right eye. The author has found a medal portrait of the king from 1645 made by Johan Blum showing a dilated pupil on the right site and some eksophtalmus leading to the conclusion that a direct lesion of the optic nerve either caused by a metal piece or a retro-bulbar haematoma was responsible for the permanent loss of vision. The dilated pupil was caused by a Marcus Gunn phenomena or paradox pupil reaction which the king could not observe himself when he looked in his mirror.</p>","PeriodicalId":81069,"journal":{"name":"Dansk medicinhistorisk arbog","volume":"35 ","pages":"37-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27330705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Scabies and syphilis--aspects of treatments of skin- and venereal diseases at Copenhagen Kommunehospital 1863 - 92].","authors":"Jeanne G Christensen,&nbsp;Permin Henrik","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Scabies and syphilis was very common but social unaccepted diseases in the later part of the 19th century. In 1892, 1,210 patients with syphilis and 106 children suffering from scabies were treated at the Kommunehospital in Copenhagen. Case records from patients admitted March 19th and September 19th, form the study basis of different aspects of scabies and syphilis treatment in the period. In the mid 19th century different soap treatments were the common cure for scabies. In the 1880s the cure became napthollinement, powdering with flour followed by rapping the patient in a sheet. Throughout the whole period experiments with medicine and thereby the patients was the norm. The treatment of syphilis consisted of different forms of mercury cures combined with bathes. Admission time was long and the patient was rarely cured. Progress in the treatments of both diseases was made in the daily work with patients. Access to knowledge, economy, the effort of the physician and the relationship between the different professions and groups in the hospital influenced and formed the process.</p>","PeriodicalId":81069,"journal":{"name":"Dansk medicinhistorisk arbog","volume":"35 ","pages":"75-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27330707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Knud Faber and the Paris medicine in the 19th century].","authors":"Niels Kristoffer Jensen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The socalled \"Paris medicine\" in the beginning of the 19th century initiated by the French revolution has always been regarded as something special and of great importance for the development in the medical field and this period has attracted many authors and historians for interpretation. Foucault and Ackerknecht are the latest authors that have given an estimation. A need, however, was felt for a new reinterpretation. The papers of a conference at the College of Physicians in 1992 was published in The Wellcome Institute Series in the History of Medicine in 1998 under the name of \"Constructing Paris Medicine\" that should elucidate the problem. In Denmark we have a rather early estimation due to professor Knud Fabers book from 1919, which was translated into English in 1923 and 1930.</p>","PeriodicalId":81069,"journal":{"name":"Dansk medicinhistorisk arbog","volume":"35 ","pages":"92-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27330708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Physician Emile Littré, French translator and publisher of Hippocrates].","authors":"Anders Frøland","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To-day, the French author and scholar Emile Littré (1801-1881) is best known as the founder of a widely used dictionary of the French language. He was one of the most diligent French authors in the nineteenth century and had a huge knowledge of modern and ancient languages, medicine, science, history, and philosophy. Apart from the dictionary, his most impressive work was the edition and translation of the complete collection of the Hippocratic writings (1839-61). The translation was meant to serve as a textbook for French doctors, but the rapid development in medicine made it obsolete in that respect before it was completed. Instead it is now a philological and historical monument. Littré also published a large number of books and articles on positivism, history, politics, philology, and medicine. He was politically active as supporter of the French republic during the periods of monarchy and was elected lifelong senator of the French National Assembly after the 1870-71 war. He was elected member of the French Academy in spite of intense opposition from the Roman Catholic Church. He was an atheist, but was baptised on his deathbed by his wife. His edition of the Hippocratic writings still remains the only complete collection in Greek and a modern language.</p>","PeriodicalId":81069,"journal":{"name":"Dansk medicinhistorisk arbog","volume":"34 ","pages":"13-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26743201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}