Dansk medicinhistorisk arbog最新文献

Plague, rats, and ships The realisation of the infection routes of plague. 鼠疫、老鼠和船只鼠疫感染途径的认识。

Dansk medicinhistorisk arbog Pub Date : 2016-01-01

Ole Sonne

{"title":"Plague, rats, and ships The realisation of the infection routes of plague.","authors":"Ole Sonne","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Three plague pandemics plus several epidemics have ravaged the world. The three pandemics were characterised by the role shipping played in spreading of the plague. The third pandemic, which began in southern China in the 1850s, was carried out of Hong Kong in 1894 to all continents by steamships. The oldest known documents mentioning quarantine as a precaution against epidemics dates back to 1127 in Venice. During the second pandemic, the Black Death, quarantine was systematised. During the third pandemic gassing of the ships was introduced by burning sulphur. Later hydrogen cyanide, carbon monoxide and other toxic gasses have been applied. In many harbours the use of rat shields were made compulsory in the beginning of the 20th century. The French bacteriologist Alexandre Emile Jean Yersin isolated in 1894 and identified Yersinia pestis as the contagious agent in Hong Kong despite obstructions from the British authorities who favoured Shibasaburo Kitasato from Japan. Four years later the French scientist Paul-Louis Simond established the rat flee, Xenopsylla cheopis, as the vector transferring the bacteria from rats to humans. This discovery was, however, not recognized until 1903 and another five years passed until clinical consequences were taken during the plague epidemic in India 1908. Each pandemic lasted several centuries due to reintroduction of Y pestis from local reservoirs in rodent populations in addition to reintroduction from the original Asiatic reservoirs.","PeriodicalId":81069,"journal":{"name":"Dansk medicinhistorisk arbog","volume":"44 ","pages":"101-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36077849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On the history of Cinchona bark in the treatment of Malaria. 金鸡纳树皮治疗疟疾的历史。

Dansk medicinhistorisk arbog Pub Date : 2016-01-01

Henrik Permin, Svend Norn, Edith Kruse, Poul R Kruse

{"title":"On the history of Cinchona bark in the treatment of Malaria.","authors":"Henrik Permin, Svend Norn, Edith Kruse, Poul R Kruse","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"How and when the medical value of Cinchona bark was discovered is obscure, but it is said that the powder was given to a European for malaria for the first time in the 1630s. The bark was brought to Europe by Spanish missionaries and it was recommended by the cardinal Juan de Lugo. In the 1660s, the use of Cinchona bark became known in England - and in Denmark by Thomas Bartholin. It was used for the treatment of malaria, but several debates on its value continued up to the 1730s. However, successful treatment of malaria was obtained by Thomas Sydenham, Robert Tabor and Francesco Torti. Sydenham emphasized a modern view that Cinchona bark was a unique specific drug for the treatment of malaria, and the treatment was fully accepted when Torti's Therapeutice specialis appeared. In the early 18th century, botanical expeditions were arranged in search of the most valuable Cinchona species for cultivation. The content of quinine was impor- tant, and determination of quinine was realized when Pierre Pelletier and Joseph Caventou isolated the alkaloid from the bark in 1820. Dutch plantations and quinine industry dominated the market, but the supply of quinine came to an end when the Japanese occupied Indonesia in 1942, cutting off the rest of the world from the main supplies of Cinchona. Synthetic antimalarials were developed and chloroquine became the drug of choice, but the intensive use of these drugs caused drug resistance. Chloroquine-resistant strains of P. falciparum are now treated with other drugs as artemisinin and artemether.","PeriodicalId":81069,"journal":{"name":"Dansk medicinhistorisk arbog","volume":"44 ","pages":"9-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36078880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The stethoscope - A 200th anniversary. 听诊器- 200周年纪念。

Dansk medicinhistorisk arbog Pub Date : 2016-01-01

Henrik Permin, Svend Norn

{"title":"The stethoscope - A 200th anniversary.","authors":"Henrik Permin, Svend Norn","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"René T.H. Laënnec was the man who designed the first monaural instrument for mediate auscultation. The invention became a medical breakthrough. An instrument capable of enhancing the subtle sounds created by the human heart and lungs. This evolutionary instrument also had the benefit of decreasing the oftentim s too direct bodily contact between the doctor and the patient. Laënnec carefully described the different sounds created by the human organs and attempted to link them to the post mortem findings. Even though many doctors were enthusiastic regarding this new medical breakthrough, the stethoscope also had its opponents, but John Forbes' English translation of Laënnec's De l'auscultation midiate as well as William Stokes' treatise on the use of the stethoscope spread the news to the medical world. In Denmark the stethoscope was introduced by Oluf Lundt Bang, S.M. Trier and E. Hornemann. The next step forward was the develop- ment of the binaural stethoscope by G.P. Camman in New York. The Littmann Electronic Stethoscope (3M Health Care) created by David Littmann is considered the leading product globally in this medical field. Digitization, ultrasound and Doppler effect, as well as 2D and 3D printing, are evidence of an on-going evolution within this field of medical equipment as we get ready to celebrate the stethoscopes 200th anniversary.","PeriodicalId":81069,"journal":{"name":"Dansk medicinhistorisk arbog","volume":"44 ","pages":"85-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36077848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The birth of modern psychiatry - Hans Jacob Schou and the Dianalund Sanatorium. 现代精神病学的诞生——汉斯·雅各布·斯库和迪亚朗德疗养院。

Dansk medicinhistorisk arbog Pub Date : 2016-01-01

Per Vestergaard

引用次数: 0

John Brown's system of medicine and its introduction in Denmark around 1800. 约翰·布朗的医学体系及其在1800年左右传入丹麦。

Dansk medicinhistorisk arbog Pub Date : 2016-01-01

Sven Erik Hansen

引用次数: 0

[On the history of barbiturates]. [关于巴比妥类药物的历史]。

Dansk medicinhistorisk arbog Pub Date : 2015-01-01

Svend Norn, Henrik Permin, Edith Kruse, Poul R Kruse

{"title":"[On the history of barbiturates].","authors":"Svend Norn, Henrik Permin, Edith Kruse, Poul R Kruse","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout the history of humanity, numerous therapeutic agents have been employed for their sedative and hypnotic properties such as opium, henbane (Hyoscyamus niger) and deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna), but also alcohol and wine. In the 19th century potassium bromide was introduced as a sedative - and antiepileptic drug and chloral hydrate as sedative-hypnotics. A new era was reached by the introduction of barbiturates. The story started with the chemist Adolf von Baeyer. His breakthrough in the synthesis of new agents as barbituric acid and indigo and his education of young chemists was of great importance for the science of organic chemistry and the development of the dye and medicine industry in the late 19th century. The next important step was the development of barbiturates. The pioneers were Josef von Mering and Emil Fischer. Using the Grimaux-method they synthesized various barbiturates. It was von Mering who got the idea of introducing ethyl groups in the inactive barbituric acid to obtain sedatives, but the synthesis was succeeded by the chemist Emil Fischer. Experiments with dogs clearly showed sedative and hypnotic effect of the barbiturates and the oral administration of barbital (Veronal) confirmed the effect in humans. Barbital was commercialized in 1903 and in 1911 phenobarbital (Luminal) was introduced in the clinic, and this drug showed hypnotic and antiepileptic effects. Thereafter a lot of new barbiturates appeared. Dangerous properties of the drugs were recognized as abuse, addiction, and poisoning. An optimum treatment of acute barbiturate intoxication was obtained by the \"Scandinavian method\", which was developed in the Poison Centre of the Bispebjerg Hospital in Copenhagen. The centre was established by Carl Clemmesen in 1949 and the intensive care treatment reduced the mortality of the admitted persons from 20% to less than 2%. To-day only a few barbiturates are used in connection with anaesthesia and for the treatment of epilepsy, and chemists are focusing on drugs with more selective effects.","PeriodicalId":81069,"journal":{"name":"Dansk medicinhistorisk arbog","volume":"43 ","pages":"133-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34409766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[A birth with fatal outcome in 1866]. [1866年一个致命的出生]。

Dansk medicinhistorisk arbog Pub Date : 2015-01-01

Sven Erik Hansen

引用次数: 0

[Nazi Terror against the Danish Medical Profession. The February 20, 1945 Murders in Odense]. 纳粹对丹麦医疗行业的恐怖统治。1945年2月20日欧登塞谋杀案]。

Dansk medicinhistorisk arbog Pub Date : 2015-01-01

Bernard Jeune, Søren Hess, Axel Skytthe, Therkel Stræde

{"title":"[Nazi Terror against the Danish Medical Profession. The February 20, 1945 Murders in Odense].","authors":"Bernard Jeune, Søren Hess, Axel Skytthe, Therkel Stræde","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"On February 20, 1945, during the German occupation of Denmark, members of a notorious Nazi terror organization named the Petergroup murdered four young medical doctors at the city and regional hospital of Odense. On the 70th anniversary of the crime, a symposium was organized at the Odense University Hospital, and a monument revealed close to the site of the murders in commemoration of the four victims of the crime. The young physicians were not known to be connected with the Danish resistance, and they were shot without their murderers even knowing their identities in an attempt to revenge the growing resistance in Denmark's central, third largest city, and as a reprisal for several cases where the hospital had treated wounded resistance fighters, and prevented their being handed over to the German police. The article describes the terror action of February 20, 1945 and its perpetrators, as well as other Nazi attacks on members of the Danish medical profession. It lines out the strong protest voiced by the Danish central administration against the Odense hospital killings which were on the very same day seconded by further killings and a German campaign of blowing up important Odense buildings including two newspaper printing houses. Conclusively, the authors - by way of obituaries and material from relatives of the murdered - portray the four victims of the atrocity Christian Fabricius Møller, Jørgen Hvalkof, Henning Magnus Adelsteen Dalsgaard, and Henning Ørsberg.","PeriodicalId":81069,"journal":{"name":"Dansk medicinhistorisk arbog","volume":"43 ","pages":"153-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34310702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Hippocrates. Aphorisms and Epidemics III. Two clinical texts]. (希波克拉底。警句和流行病3。两篇临床文献]。

Dansk medicinhistorisk arbog Pub Date : 2015-01-01

Anders Frøland

引用次数: 0

["The Society for letters and natural science" The young Ole H. Mynster and the chemical revolution around 1800]. [《文学与自然科学学会》，年轻的奥勒·h·明斯特与1800年左右的化学革命]。

Dansk medicinhistorisk arbog Pub Date : 2015-01-01

Sven Erik Hansen

引用次数: 0