{"title":"Band engineering for large perpendicular magnetocrystalline anisotropy and low magnetic Gilbert damping constant by anion substitution at Fe/MgO interface","authors":"Y.-N. Apriati, K. Nawa, K. Nakamura","doi":"10.1063/5.0248379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0248379","url":null,"abstract":"Large interfacial perpendicular magnetocrystalline anisotropy (iPMA) and low Gilbert magnetic damping constant (α) in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) are desired to achieve higher storage density and lower standby power operations in magnetic random-access memory. This work theoretically investigates effects of nitrogen and fluoride anions (N-anion and F-anion) substitution on the MgO barrier interface of Fe/MgO/Fe MTJ for iPMA and α using first-principles calculations. We find that the N-anion substitution significantly enhances iPMA by four times and reduces α by 65% compared to the pristine Fe/MgO/Fe, indicating a guideline toward an MTJ with large iPMA and low α simultaneously. The mechanism is explained by a band realignment at the Fermi level (EF) where Fe d±1 (dxz,dyz) orbitals at the interface are pushed above and below EF but Fe d±2 (dxy, dx2−y2) orbitals remain at EF by the N-anion substitution.","PeriodicalId":8094,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics Letters","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143486491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of growth temperature on heterostructure interface steepness in ultraviolet-B AlGaN-based laser diodes","authors":"Takumu Saito, Rintaro Miyake, Ryoya Yamada, Yoshinori Imoto, Shundai Maruyama, Yusuke Sasaki, Shogo Karino, Sho Iwayama, Hideto Miyake, Koichi Naniwae, Satoshi Kamiyama, Tetsuya Takeuchi, Motoaki Iwaya","doi":"10.1063/5.0242536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0242536","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the steepness of the heterostructure interface between the p-side optical-waveguide and electron blocking layer (EBL) in ultraviolet-B (UV-B) laser diodes (LDs), focusing on the impact of growth temperature. The results revealed that lowering the growth temperature significantly reduced the thickness of the “unintended compositionally graded layer” a diffusion layer formed at the interface through solid-phase diffusion. However, a bottleneck also existed in LDs with extremely steep interfaces, where the diode characteristics could not be obtained due to the device's high resistance. This study highlights the trade-off between the steepness of the interfaces in the AlGaN heterostructure and diode performance, indicating the need for further optimization to achieve high-performance UV-B LDs. Specifically, future efforts should focus on refining growth conditions to reduce impurity concentrations resulting from low-temperature growth and controlling the thickness of individual layers, such as the EBL, to address high resistance and achieve high-performance UV-B LDs.","PeriodicalId":8094,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics Letters","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143486496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hossain Md Nayem, Masahiro Hori, Katsuhiko Nishiguchi, Yukinori Ono
{"title":"Electron thermometry for Si MOS inversion layer using proximity nano-transistor and its application to Joule-heating experiment","authors":"Hossain Md Nayem, Masahiro Hori, Katsuhiko Nishiguchi, Yukinori Ono","doi":"10.1063/5.0239500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0239500","url":null,"abstract":"A method for measuring the electron temperature in the inversion layer of Si metal-oxide-semiconductor structures is presented. This technique utilizes a nano-transistor as a thermometer, placed in close proximity to the inversion layer under investigation, enabling measurements of the electron temperature for values above approximately 10 K. When applied to Joule-heating experiments, this method reveals a notable discrepancy between the measurement results and predictions made by the conventional theory based on the deformation-potential coupling with low-energy acoustic phonons. Specifically, the injected-power dependence of the electron temperature is much weaker than expected. The results strongly suggest that another mechanism causing a significant electron energy loss plays a role.","PeriodicalId":8094,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics Letters","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143486492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lv Qiu, Chunhua Zeng, Xiaobo Feng, Lin Zhuang, Wuming Liu, Zhaoming Fu
{"title":"Valley-contrasting physics, topological bands, and Dirac cone in the charge density wave phase of a 1T-MoS2 monolayer","authors":"Lv Qiu, Chunhua Zeng, Xiaobo Feng, Lin Zhuang, Wuming Liu, Zhaoming Fu","doi":"10.1063/5.0252317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0252317","url":null,"abstract":"Charge density waves (CDWs), valley-contrasting physics, and topological bands have been observed in 1T, 1H, and 1T′ transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), respectively, but rarely observed together in a single TMD due to the completely different physical origins. This study discovers 1T-MoS2 monolayers can possess the valley-contrasting physics. Furthermore, the topological bands, Dirac cones, diamond-chain, and zigzag CDW can be induced by biaxial strain, indicating the exotic roles of the strain. Our findings not only broaden the way of searching the valley semiconductors but also open a door to study the topological bands and Dirac cone of CDW phases.","PeriodicalId":8094,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics Letters","volume":"129 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143486498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A multi-degree-of-freedom model-based method for Young's modulus determination of soft tissue by resonance spectroscopy","authors":"Yujie Hu, Kecai Lu, Zhuangyu Li, Daming Zhou","doi":"10.1063/5.0252527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0252527","url":null,"abstract":"Elastic properties of soft tissues are important indicators for disease progression. Previous studies have utilized mechanical resonance spectroscopy to infer elastic properties of soft tissues by extracting their resonance frequencies. However, the method to accurately obtain the elastic modulus from the resonance frequencies remains inconclusive. In this study, we report a method based on a multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) model to determine the Young's modulus of soft tissue samples from the measured resonance spectroscopy. Resonance frequencies of agar tissue phantoms with different elastic properties were obtained, and Young's modulus was calculated using the MDOF-based method. The result was validated by mechanical compression tests and finite element method simulations. The results show that the multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF)-based method is capable of determining Young's modulus of soft tissue samples with various elasticities and dimensions. This study provides an opportunity to accurately assess the elastic properties of small-sized soft tissue samples.","PeriodicalId":8094,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics Letters","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143486501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Strain-induced Kramers–Weyl phase in III–V zinc blende systems","authors":"Denis Aglagul, Jian Shi","doi":"10.1063/5.0253139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0253139","url":null,"abstract":"We present theoretical observations on the topological nature of strained III–V semiconductors. By k·p perturbation, it can be shown that the strain-engineered conduction band hosts a Kramers–Weyl node at the Γ point. It is theoretically shown that a curated strain can create and then tune the sign of the topological charge. Furthermore, we outline experimental methods for both the realization and detection of strain-induced topological phase transitions.","PeriodicalId":8094,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics Letters","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143486461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seungwoo Yu, Kyungmin Lee, Sumin Park, Kyunghye Kim, Junhong Goo, Jeonghyun Park, Taehyun Kim
{"title":"Efficient quantum frequency conversion of ultra-violet single photons from a trapped ytterbium ion","authors":"Seungwoo Yu, Kyungmin Lee, Sumin Park, Kyunghye Kim, Junhong Goo, Jeonghyun Park, Taehyun Kim","doi":"10.1063/5.0241469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0241469","url":null,"abstract":"Ion trap system is a leading candidate for quantum information science benefitting from its long coherence time, high-fidelity gate operations. In addition, the ion photon entanglement provides a versatile tool to realize quantum networks by generating an ideal pair of a stationary memory qubit and a flying communication qubit. Rapid developments in nonlinear quantum frequency conversion techniques have enhanced the potential for constructing a trapped ion quantum network via optical fiber connections. The generation of long-distance entanglement has been demonstrated with ions such as Ca+ and Ba+, which emit photons in visible or near-infrared range naturally. On the other hand, as the qubit-native photons reside in ultra-violet (UV) spectrum, the Yb+ ion has not been considered as a strong competitor for telecommunication qubits despite extensive research on it. Here, we demonstrate an efficient difference-frequency conversion of UV photons, emitted from a trapped Yb+ ion, into a visible range. We provide experimental evidence that confirms the converted photons are radiated from the Yb+ ion. Our results provide a crucial step toward realizing a long-distance trapped ion quantum network based on Yb+ ions through quantum frequency conversion.","PeriodicalId":8094,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics Letters","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143486483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gradient-based optimization of spintronic devices","authors":"Y. Imai, S. Liu, N. Akashi, K. Nakajima","doi":"10.1063/5.0238687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0238687","url":null,"abstract":"The optimization of physical parameters serves various purposes in device development, including in system identification and efficiency. Spin-torque oscillators have been experimentally and theoretically applied to neuromorphic computing, but their physical parameters are usually optimized via grid search procedures. In this paper, we propose a scheme to optimize the dynamics parameters of macrospin-type spin-torque oscillators using the gradient descent method with automatic differentiation. First, we numerically create dynamic data for teaching and tune the parameters to reproduce the dynamics. This approach can be applied to determine the correspondence between spin-torque oscillator simulations and experiments. Next, we solve an image recognition task with high accuracy by connecting a coupled system of spin-torque oscillators to the input and output layers and training all of them through gradient descent. Combining this approach with experimentation makes it possible to design an experimental setup and physical system to solve a task with high precision using a spin-torque oscillator.","PeriodicalId":8094,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics Letters","volume":"210 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143486484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the dependence of internal stress on dislocation inclination pattern in HVPE-GaN substrates","authors":"Fei-Fei Zhou, Zhi-Qiao Li, Miao Liu, Yong-Xin Qiu, Ting-Ting Yin, Yu Xu, Yu-Min Zhang, Mu-Tong Niu, De-Min Cai, Jian-Feng Wang, Ke Xu","doi":"10.1063/5.0255742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0255742","url":null,"abstract":"Internal stress in gallium nitride (GaN) induced during epitaxy growth can degrade the performance of GaN devices. This work studied the internal stress distribution and dislocation configuration around an inclusion of ∼300 μm in GaN substrates grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy, by means of combined Raman spectroscopy, x-ray topography, and two-photon excitation photoluminescence. The inclusion-induced internal stress decreased exponentially along the radial direction. However, the internal stress, though reduced to a small magnitude, was unexpectedly maintained and propagated over long distances. A stress localization phenomenon, which was out of the prediction of classic elasticity theory, was also observed. The inclination of threading dislocations was found to be substantially influenced by the unreported distribution of internal stress. Four characteristic dislocation inclination patterns were identified: the two-short-tooth pattern, two-long-tooth pattern, gear pattern, and sun-like pattern. The dependence of internal stress on the dislocation inclination pattern was revealed. Based on this dependence, a method to predict the stress field in crystal based on dislocation pattern without corrosion was proposed.","PeriodicalId":8094,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics Letters","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143486490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daiju Hayashi, Yoichi Shiota, Mujin You, Albert Min Gyu Park, Kab-Jin Kim, Hideki Narita, Ryusuke Hisatomi, Shutaro Karube, Teruo Ono
{"title":"Nonlinear response of hybrid magnons in synthetic antiferromagnets","authors":"Daiju Hayashi, Yoichi Shiota, Mujin You, Albert Min Gyu Park, Kab-Jin Kim, Hideki Narita, Ryusuke Hisatomi, Shutaro Karube, Teruo Ono","doi":"10.1063/5.0251351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0251351","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we investigated the nonlinear response of hybrid magnons consisting of acoustic and optic magnon modes in in-plane magnetized synthetic antiferromagnets. Using the heterodyne magneto-optical Kerr effect technique, we optically measured the properties of hybrid magnons under various excitation powers. These measurements revealed that the increase in the excitation power changed the resonance spectrum and the intensity distribution of the magnon dispersion relation due to the nonlinear dynamics of propagating magnons. This study advances the understanding of the nonlinear behavior of hybrid magnons, contributing to the future development of magnonic logic circuits and quantum devices.","PeriodicalId":8094,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics Letters","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143486458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}