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Cambridge geneticists and the chromosome theory of inheritance: William Bateson, Leonard Doncaster and Reginald Punnett 1879-1940. 剑桥遗传学家和遗传的染色体理论:威廉·贝特森，伦纳德·唐卡斯特和雷金纳德·庞尼特1879-1940。
IF 0.3 3区 哲学
Annals of Science Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Epub Date: 2022-08-17 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2022.2113141
Alan R Rushton
{"title":"Cambridge geneticists and the chromosome theory of inheritance: William Bateson, Leonard Doncaster and Reginald Punnett 1879-1940.","authors":"Alan R Rushton","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2022.2113141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00033790.2022.2113141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early in the 20th century Bateson, Doncaster and Punnett formed a cooperative collective to share research findings on the chromosome theory of heredity (CTH). They cross-bred plants and animals to correlate behaviour of chromosomes and heredity of individual traits. Doncaster was the most enthusiastic proponent of the new theory and worked for years to convince Bateson and Punnett on its relevance to their own research. The two younger biologists collaborated with Bateson, the preeminent geneticist in England. As their own reputations developed, their research findings allied with the consensus on the importance of the CTH by the broader scientific community. After Doncaster's tragic death in 1920, major objections to the theory had been resolved; Bateson and Punnett then utilized the CTH to construct chromosome maps detailing locations of specific genes on particular chromosomes in several different species. The marriage of heredity and cytology enhanced confidence that the theory was an accurate mechanism to explain inheritance in both plants and animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":"79 4","pages":"468-496"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40704592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Scientific computing in the Cavendish Laboratory and the pioneering women computors. 卡文迪什实验室的科学计算和女性计算机先驱。
IF 0.3 3区 哲学
Annals of Science Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Epub Date: 2022-08-07 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2022.2106382
C S Leedham, V L Allan
{"title":"Scientific computing in the Cavendish Laboratory and the pioneering women computors.","authors":"C S Leedham,&nbsp;V L Allan","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2022.2106382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00033790.2022.2106382","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of computers and the role of women in radio astronomy and X-ray crystallography research at the Cavendish Laboratory between 1949 and 1975 have been investigated. We recorded examples of when computers were used, what they were used for and who used them from hundreds of papers published during these years. The use of the EDSAC, EDSAC 2 and TITAN computers was found to increase considerably over this time-scale and they were used for a diverse range of applications. The majority of references to computer operators and programmers referred to women, 57% for astronomy and 62% for crystallography, in contrast to a very small proportion, 4% and 13% respectively, of female authors of papers.</p>","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":"79 4","pages":"497-512"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40593069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Gradus Dimetiri: intensity and classification of complexions in 14th-century Italian medicine. Gradus Dimetiri: 14世纪意大利医学中肤色的强度和分类。
IF 0.3 3区 哲学
Annals of Science Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Epub Date: 2022-08-07 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2022.2107702
Fabrizio Bigotti
{"title":"Gradus Dimetiri: intensity and classification of complexions in 14th-century Italian medicine.","authors":"Fabrizio Bigotti","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2022.2107702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00033790.2022.2107702","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper focuses on the scholastic approach to the intensity of complexions and presents some evidence as to how the meaning of <i>complexio</i> evolved in fourteenth-century Italian medicine: namely, how it was conceptualized, visualized, and finally quantified. In the first part, I summarize the philosophical development of <i>complexio</i>, pointing out how the concept differs from simple mixtures, thereby allowing for the mathematisation of compounds and their intensity. I then move on to consider the links between medicine and mathematics and present the schemes provided by Gentile Gentili da Foligno (1280/90 - 1348) as a case study, analysing their philosophical premises and implications for medical treatment more generally. In the final part, I argue that, quite aside from representing early forms of the mathematisation of qualities, schemata and diagrams also captured the medieval ideal of the cosmos, a hierarchical progression of forms ordered in ascending degrees of perfection and nobility.</p>","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":"79 4","pages":"419-441"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40701922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Physico-mathematics and the life sciences: experiencing the mechanism of venous return, 1650s-1680s. 物理数学和生命科学:体验静脉回流的机制，1650 -1680。
IF 0.3 3区 哲学
Annals of Science Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Epub Date: 2022-06-18 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2022.2086301
Nuno Castel-Branco
{"title":"Physico-mathematics and the life sciences: experiencing the mechanism of venous return, 1650s-1680s.","authors":"Nuno Castel-Branco","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2022.2086301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00033790.2022.2086301","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article deals with physico-mathematical approaches to anatomy in post-Harveyan physiology. But rather than looking at questions of iatromechanics and animal locomotion, which often attracted this approach, I look at the problem of how blood returned to the heart – a part of the circulation today known as venous return but poorly researched in the early modern period. I follow the venous return mechanisms proposed by lesser-known authors in the mechanization of anatomy, such as Jean Pecquet (1622–1674) and Nicolaus Steno (1638–1686), alongside the more famous Giovanni Alfonso Borelli (1608–1679). Their mechanisms differed only in small details. Yet, these minor differences highlight significant aspects of the mechanization of the life sciences in the seventeenth century. First, they relied more on observations than hitherto acknowledged, even if only indirectly. Second, their mechanisms drew more from the physico-mathematical disciplines than from the trending corpuscularian philosophies of their time. Finally, these mechanisms led to a more accurate understanding of the circulation that remains valid today, thus revealing their cognitive benefits. In short, through the single problem of how blood returned to the heart, this article portrays the increasing complexity of anatomy in the early modern period.","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":"79 4","pages":"442-467"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40058708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Magic, Science and Religion in Early Modern Europe 近代欧洲早期的魔法、科学与宗教
IF 0.3 3区 哲学
Annals of Science Pub Date : 2022-09-28 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2022.2127898
Michael Hunter
{"title":"Magic, Science and Religion in Early Modern Europe","authors":"Michael Hunter","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2022.2127898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00033790.2022.2127898","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":"80 1","pages":"77 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48328445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On pestilence: a Renaissance treatise on plague 论瘟疫:文艺复兴时期关于瘟疫的专著
IF 0.3 3区 哲学
Annals of Science Pub Date : 2022-08-24 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2022.2114547
P. Findlen
{"title":"On pestilence: a Renaissance treatise on plague","authors":"P. Findlen","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2022.2114547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00033790.2022.2114547","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":"79 1","pages":"513 - 515"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49017031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Minerva Meets Vulcan: Scientific and Technological Literature – 1450–1750 Minerva遇见Vulcan：科学技术文献–1450–1750
IF 0.3 3区 哲学
Annals of Science Pub Date : 2022-08-21 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2022.2113430
P. Smith
{"title":"Minerva Meets Vulcan: Scientific and Technological Literature – 1450–1750","authors":"P. Smith","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2022.2113430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00033790.2022.2113430","url":null,"abstract":"disease’, he told his students in January 1577. (p. 36) Unfortunately for the Venetians, Mercuriale believed that anything short of a full-blown catastrophe with high mortality was not plague. The fact that one of the most well-respected physicians of the Renaissance could fail his society so dramatically is a reminder of the fragility and fallibility of human knowledge. Mercuriale was a dedicated, erudite, and intelligent physician; he had much good advice to offer but that did not mean that he was always right. Craig Martin’s excellent and accessible translation (which includes a valuable glossary defining key medical terms) has certainly enriched our ability to teach plague. I can think of no better decision during COVID than to put one’s scholarly abilities to use and expand our understanding of how medicine struggled to understand disease and pandemic in the past.","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":"79 1","pages":"515 - 518"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49138343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The elements: a visual history of their discovery 元素：它们发现的视觉历史
IF 0.3 3区 哲学
Annals of Science Pub Date : 2022-06-18 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2022.2087903
Evan Hepler-Smith
{"title":"The elements: a visual history of their discovery","authors":"Evan Hepler-Smith","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2022.2087903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00033790.2022.2087903","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":"79 1","pages":"406 - 408"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42418274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Cold War social science: transnational entanglements 冷战社会科学：跨国纠葛
IF 0.3 3区 哲学
Annals of Science Pub Date : 2022-06-14 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2022.2087904
J. Krige
{"title":"Cold War social science: transnational entanglements","authors":"J. Krige","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2022.2087904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00033790.2022.2087904","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":"79 1","pages":"416 - 417"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43064060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Confessionalization and comets. John Bainbridge on the comet of 1618 忏悔和彗星。约翰·班布里奇在1618年的彗星上
IF 0.3 3区 哲学
Annals of Science Pub Date : 2022-06-12 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2022.2086300
R. Vermij, P. Vieth
{"title":"Confessionalization and comets. John Bainbridge on the comet of 1618","authors":"R. Vermij, P. Vieth","doi":"10.1080/00033790.2022.2086300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00033790.2022.2086300","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT At first sight, the English astronomer John Bainbridge's treatise on the great comet of 1618 appears rather idiosyncratic. It regards the comet as a favourable omen and applies an astrological explanation that is completely metaphorical. At closer look, however, Bainbridge's interpretation appears well in line with the meaning commonly attributed to comets at the time. We should realize that an important function of the discourse on prodigious phenomena, such as comets, was to uphold and strengthen the confessional social order. Moreover, the treatise was addressed to the King rather than to the common population. To understand the early modern interpretation of comets, the processes of confessionalization and de-confessionalization deserve more consideration.","PeriodicalId":8086,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science","volume":"79 1","pages":"275 - 291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46894110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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