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Bulletin - Cosmos Club. Cosmos Club (Washington, D.C.)最新文献

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RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURING OF COMPONENTS FROM ALUMINIUM-, MAGNESIUM- AND TITANIUM-BASED ALLOYS 铝基、镁基和钛基合金制造部件的最新进展
Bulletin - Cosmos Club. Cosmos Club (Washington, D.C.) Pub Date : 2009-05-01 DOI: 10.1142/S0219607709000439
A. Jarfors, K. Kainer, M. Tan, J.M.S. Yong
{"title":"RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURING OF COMPONENTS FROM ALUMINIUM-, MAGNESIUM- AND TITANIUM-BASED ALLOYS","authors":"A. Jarfors, K. Kainer, M. Tan, J.M.S. Yong","doi":"10.1142/S0219607709000439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219607709000439","url":null,"abstract":"Recent developments in the field of manufacturing techniques and alloy development of light materials are reviewed. In the field of manufacturing Aluminium based components, special attention is given to casting, including liquid forging and semi-solid forming technology while for sheet metal forming technology the focus is on material properties and process technology in superplastic forming. For the manufacturing of Magnesium-based components, special attention is given to casting processes and alloy development for casting. For wrought Magnesium, material properties control is covered. For Titanium-based components, an overview of the latest additions to high strength alloys are given, including non-linear elasticity as demonstrated by materials like GUM Metal™. Advanced forming technology such as Levi Casting are also treated.","PeriodicalId":80753,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin - Cosmos Club. Cosmos Club (Washington, D.C.)","volume":"15 1","pages":"23-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80698427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS ON PORPHYRIN ASSEMBLIES 卟啉组合物的最新进展
Bulletin - Cosmos Club. Cosmos Club (Washington, D.C.) Pub Date : 2008-11-01 DOI: 10.1142/S0219607708000342
R. Charvet, Jonathan P. Hill, Yongshu Xie, Y. Wakayama, K. Ariga
{"title":"RECENT DEVELOPMENTS ON PORPHYRIN ASSEMBLIES","authors":"R. Charvet, Jonathan P. Hill, Yongshu Xie, Y. Wakayama, K. Ariga","doi":"10.1142/S0219607708000342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219607708000342","url":null,"abstract":"The porphyrin macrocycle is one of the most frequently investigated functional molecular entities and can be incorporated into advanced functional nanomaterials upon formation of organized nanostructures. Thus, study of the science and technology of porphyrin assemblies has attracted many organic, biological and supramolecular chemists. A wide variety of nanostructures can be obtained by supramolecular self-assembly because the porphyrin moiety is amenable to chemical modifications through thoughtful synthetic design and moderate preparative effort. Some recent developments in porphyrin assembly, obtained through various supramolecular approaches, are briefly summarized. Topics described in this review are classified into four categories: (i) non-specific assemblies; (ii) specific assemblies; (iii) assemblies in organized films; (iv) molecular-level arrangement. We present examples in the order of structural precision of assemblies.","PeriodicalId":80753,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin - Cosmos Club. Cosmos Club (Washington, D.C.)","volume":"69 1","pages":"141-171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76860717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
π–d INTERACTION BASED MOLECULAR CONDUCTING MAGNETS: HOW TO INCREASE THE EFFECTS OF THE π–d INTERACTION 基于π-d相互作用的分子导电磁体:如何提高π-d相互作用的效果
Bulletin - Cosmos Club. Cosmos Club (Washington, D.C.) Pub Date : 2008-11-01 DOI: 10.1142/S0219607708000330
A. Miyazaki, T. Enoki
{"title":"π–d INTERACTION BASED MOLECULAR CONDUCTING MAGNETS: HOW TO INCREASE THE EFFECTS OF THE π–d INTERACTION","authors":"A. Miyazaki, T. Enoki","doi":"10.1142/S0219607708000330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219607708000330","url":null,"abstract":"The crystal structures and electronic and magnetic properties of conducting molecular magnets developed by our group are reviewed from the viewpoints of our two current strategies for increasing the efficiency of the π–d interaction. (EDTDM)2FeBr4 is composed of quasi-one-dimensional donor sheets sandwiched between magnetic anion sheets. The ground state of the donor layer changes from the insulator state to the metallic state by the application of pressure. When it is near to the insulator–metal phase boundary pressure, the magnetic order of the anion spins considerably affects the transport properties of the donor layer. The crystal structure of (EDO–TTFBr2)2FeX4 (X = Cl, Br) is characterized by strong intermolecular halogen–halogen contacts between the organic donor and FeX4 anion molecules. The presence of the magnetic order of the Fe3+ spins and relatively high magnetic order transition temperature proves the role of the halogen–halogen contacts as exchange interaction paths.","PeriodicalId":80753,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin - Cosmos Club. Cosmos Club (Washington, D.C.)","volume":"5 1","pages":"131-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91068700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON: A NEW MATERIAL BASE FOR NANO-ARCHITECTURES 类金刚石碳:纳米结构的新材料基础
Bulletin - Cosmos Club. Cosmos Club (Washington, D.C.) Pub Date : 2008-11-01 DOI: 10.1142/S0219607708000366
Xijun Li, D. Chua
{"title":"DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON: A NEW MATERIAL BASE FOR NANO-ARCHITECTURES","authors":"Xijun Li, D. Chua","doi":"10.1142/S0219607708000366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219607708000366","url":null,"abstract":"Diamond-like carbon (DLC) is a form of amorphous carbon which has high fraction of sp3 hybridization. Due to its nature of sp3 bonding, diamond-like carbon has been shown to have excellent properties similar to that of diamond. This includes high hardness, excellent wear-resistance, large modulus and chemically inert. Traditional applications include wear resistant coatings and protective film. This article intends to review the synthesis and material properties of diamond-like carbon as well as its potential as a novel material for applications in nano-architecture and nano-mechanical devices. An introduction into metal-dopants in diamond-like carbon film will be briefly mentioned as well as techniques on the design and fabrication of this material.","PeriodicalId":80753,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin - Cosmos Club. Cosmos Club (Washington, D.C.)","volume":"64 1","pages":"203-234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85775596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
HOTPLATE TECHNIQUE FOR NANOMATERIALS 纳米材料的热板技术
Bulletin - Cosmos Club. Cosmos Club (Washington, D.C.) Pub Date : 2008-11-01 DOI: 10.1142/S0219607708000354
Yanwu Zhu, C. Sow
{"title":"HOTPLATE TECHNIQUE FOR NANOMATERIALS","authors":"Yanwu Zhu, C. Sow","doi":"10.1142/S0219607708000354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219607708000354","url":null,"abstract":"As an efficient and cost-effective method to synthesize nanomaterials, the hotplate technique has been reviewed in this article. Systematic studies have been carried out on the characterizations of the materials synthesized. In addition to the direct preparation of nanomaterials on metals, this method has been extended to the substrate-friendly and plasma-assisted hotplate synthesis. Apart from chemically pure nanostructures, a few nanohybrids were synthesized, further demonstrating the flexibility of this technique. The investigations on their applications indicate that they are promising material systems with potential applications in field emission devices, gas sensors, Li-ion batteries and ultrafast optical devices.","PeriodicalId":80753,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin - Cosmos Club. Cosmos Club (Washington, D.C.)","volume":"52 1","pages":"235-255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83633913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
NANOMEDICINE: NANOPARTICLES OF BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS FOR CANCER DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT 纳米医学:用于癌症诊断和治疗的可生物降解聚合物纳米颗粒
Bulletin - Cosmos Club. Cosmos Club (Washington, D.C.) Pub Date : 2008-11-01 DOI: 10.1142/S0219607708000378
S. Feng
{"title":"NANOMEDICINE: NANOPARTICLES OF BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS FOR CANCER DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT","authors":"S. Feng","doi":"10.1142/S0219607708000378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219607708000378","url":null,"abstract":"Nanomedicine is to apply and further develop nanotechnology to solve problems in medicine, i.e. to diagnose, treat and prevent diseases at the cellular and molecular level. This article demonstrates through a full spectrum of proof-of-concept research, from nanoparticle preparation and characterization, in vitro drug release and cytotoxicity, to in vivo pharmacokinetics and xenograft model, how nanoparticles of biodegradable polymers could provide an ideal solution for the problems encountered in the current regimen of chemotherapy. A system of vitamin E TPGS coated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles is used as an example for paclitaxel formulation as a model drug. In vitro HT-29 cancer cell viability experiment demonstrated that the paclitaxel formulated in the nanoparticles could be 5.64 times more effective than Taxol® after 24 hr of treatment. In vivo pharmacokinetics showed that the drug formulated in the nanoparticles could achieve 3.9 times higher therapeutic effects judged by area-under-the curve (AUC). One shot can realize sustainable chemotherapy of 168 hr compared with 22 hr for Taxol® at a single 10 mg/kg dose. Xenograft tumor model further confirmed the advantages of the nanoparticle formulation versus Taxol®.","PeriodicalId":80753,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin - Cosmos Club. Cosmos Club (Washington, D.C.)","volume":"1 1","pages":"185-201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83090801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
NANOSTRUCTURES FROM DESIGNER PEPTIDES 设计肽的纳米结构
Bulletin - Cosmos Club. Cosmos Club (Washington, D.C.) Pub Date : 2008-11-01 DOI: 10.1142/S021960770800038X
B. T. Ong, P. K. Ajikumar, S. Valiyaveettil
{"title":"NANOSTRUCTURES FROM DESIGNER PEPTIDES","authors":"B. T. Ong, P. K. Ajikumar, S. Valiyaveettil","doi":"10.1142/S021960770800038X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S021960770800038X","url":null,"abstract":"The present article reviews the self-assembly of oligopeptides to form nanostructures, both in solution and in solid state. The solution structures of the peptides were examined using circular dichroism and dynamic light scattering. The solid state assembly was examined by adsorbing the peptides onto a mica surface and analyzing it using atomic force microscopy. The role of pH and salt concentration on the peptide self-assembly was also examined. Nanostructures within a size range of 3–10 nm were obtained under different conditions.","PeriodicalId":80753,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin - Cosmos Club. Cosmos Club (Washington, D.C.)","volume":"4 1","pages":"173-183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86437784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
THE SENSE OF SCENTS 嗅觉
Bulletin - Cosmos Club. Cosmos Club (Washington, D.C.) Pub Date : 2008-05-01 DOI: 10.1142/S0219607708000287
S. Thavaneswaran
{"title":"THE SENSE OF SCENTS","authors":"S. Thavaneswaran","doi":"10.1142/S0219607708000287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219607708000287","url":null,"abstract":"The scientific study of fragrances brings together many different facets of chemistry, and is an excellent illustration of the importance of chemistry in our daily lives. This article briefly describes the history of fragrance chemistry, from its origins in natural product isolation, to the improved technologies of synthetic chemistry and the analytical methods used to determine fragrance composition. The biological basis of smell and molecular recognition is explored, including examples and applications of fragrant compounds from five different fragrance families.","PeriodicalId":80753,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin - Cosmos Club. Cosmos Club (Washington, D.C.)","volume":"54 1","pages":"39-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78844654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
SHIPS AS HABITATS: BIOFOULING — A PROBLEM THAT REQUIRES GLOBAL SOLUTIONS 船舶作为栖息地:生物污染——一个需要全球解决的问题
Bulletin - Cosmos Club. Cosmos Club (Washington, D.C.) Pub Date : 2008-05-01 DOI: 10.1142/S0219607708000305
D. Rittschof
{"title":"SHIPS AS HABITATS: BIOFOULING — A PROBLEM THAT REQUIRES GLOBAL SOLUTIONS","authors":"D. Rittschof","doi":"10.1142/S0219607708000305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219607708000305","url":null,"abstract":"Colonization of ship hulls by living organisms, which occurs on molecular, microbial and macro organism levels, decreases ship performance, increases costs and is a biological problem with global consequences. Managing fouling is necessary for efficient economics and to prevent environmental damage due to introduction of invasive species. Colonization is managed by broad spectrum long-lived toxins which kill colonizers. Broad spectrum long-lived toxins build up and impact environments. Toxins damage ecosystems and directly or indirectly kill food species. Ideally, novel antifouling approaches will be compatible with existing business models and with the environment. A mixture of short-lived biologically active molecules that manage colonization has this potential. The mixture would contain a short-lived toxin that managed colonization of organisms that have no behavior and then additional molecules that interfere with the process of colonization by organisms with behavior and those that attach as part of a change in life stage. Environmentally benign antifouling approaches are novel and require cooperation rather than competition or adversarial relationships. They require cooperation by individuals with expertise from business, governmental agencies and academia. The science is likely to be easier than the necessary changes in philosophy and governance required to successfully address this and other complex global problems.","PeriodicalId":80753,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin - Cosmos Club. Cosmos Club (Washington, D.C.)","volume":"10 1","pages":"71-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87672857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
YOU MAKE IT, I BREAK IT 你创造它，我打破它
Bulletin - Cosmos Club. Cosmos Club (Washington, D.C.) Pub Date : 2008-05-01 DOI: 10.1142/S0219607708000329
M. J. Lear, J. Hobley
{"title":"YOU MAKE IT, I BREAK IT","authors":"M. J. Lear, J. Hobley","doi":"10.1142/S0219607708000329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219607708000329","url":null,"abstract":"The changing state of our molecular world involves the making and breaking of bonds. Some researchers make chemical structures, others break them. Both approaches play an important part in the development of new drugs, detectors and materials. However, modern endeavors in research involve understanding and overlapping the interfaces of a myriad of disciplines. No more do scientific pioneers work alone. In this article, we shall give background of our selected scientific endeavors, and briefly show how, within chemistry, we can bond seemingly disparate disciplines together in unexpected ways in a collective attempt to deliver new materials and hybrid systems.","PeriodicalId":80753,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin - Cosmos Club. Cosmos Club (Washington, D.C.)","volume":"1 1","pages":"99-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82331223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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