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A CHECKLIST OF THE SPONTANEOUS EXOTIC VASCULAR PLANT FLORA OF SINGAPORE 新加坡外来自发维管植物区系清单
Bulletin - Cosmos Club. Cosmos Club (Washington, D.C.) Pub Date : 2010-08-01 DOI: 10.1142/S0219607710000474
A. Lok, K. Chong, K. Tan, H. Tan
{"title":"A CHECKLIST OF THE SPONTANEOUS EXOTIC VASCULAR PLANT FLORA OF SINGAPORE","authors":"A. Lok, K. Chong, K. Tan, H. Tan","doi":"10.1142/S0219607710000474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219607710000474","url":null,"abstract":"The vegetation of Singapore has undergone many extreme disturbances since the founding of the Republic. As a consequence, many exotic species have been introduced, and many have become naturalized over the course of time. In this paper, we have compiled a list of exotic species that have a wild population independent of further human introductions (naturalized) or have escaped from cultivation but do not yet form independent wild populations (casuals). We also provide a list of species having a biogeographic distribution that includes Singapore, but are locally only found and thriving in artificial habitats or highly disturbed environments (\"weeds of uncertain origin\"). We discuss a suite of naturalized species which have been observed to possess the potential to penetrate closed canopy forests, in addition to other species for which the label \"invasive\" has formerly been applied, and make recommendations for efforts to be undertaken to properly define and document local records of exotic species introductions.","PeriodicalId":80753,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin - Cosmos Club. Cosmos Club (Washington, D.C.)","volume":"78 1","pages":"57-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72561843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
INTRODUCED AQUATIC HERPETOFAUNA OF SINGAPORE'S RESERVOIRS 介绍新加坡水库水生爬虫动物群
Bulletin - Cosmos Club. Cosmos Club (Washington, D.C.) Pub Date : 2010-08-01 DOI: 10.1142/S0219607710000516
T. Ng, K. Lim
{"title":"INTRODUCED AQUATIC HERPETOFAUNA OF SINGAPORE'S RESERVOIRS","authors":"T. Ng, K. Lim","doi":"10.1142/S0219607710000516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219607710000516","url":null,"abstract":"Sixteen species of introduced or alien aquatic amphibians and reptiles have been recorded from Singapore's Public Utilities Board reservoirs. Their presence in the wild state is largely due to members of the public abandoning their pets, or releasing animals to gain spiritual merit (fang sheng). The ban imposed by the Agri-Food and Veterinary Authority on the sale of most species of amphibians and reptiles will probably help to restrict the diversity of alien animal species in Singapore. However, the continued availability of hatchling red-eared terrapins in pet shops and live Chinese softshell turtles and American bullfrogs in markets does little to reduce the presence of these three alien species in local water bodies.","PeriodicalId":80753,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin - Cosmos Club. Cosmos Club (Washington, D.C.)","volume":"70 1","pages":"117-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84207700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
AN ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF THE NON-NATIVE FRESHWATER FISH SPECIES IN THE RESERVOIRS OF SINGAPORE 新加坡水塘中非本地淡水鱼的注释清单
Bulletin - Cosmos Club. Cosmos Club (Washington, D.C.) Pub Date : 2010-08-01 DOI: 10.1142/S0219607710000504
H. Ng, H. Tan
{"title":"AN ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF THE NON-NATIVE FRESHWATER FISH SPECIES IN THE RESERVOIRS OF SINGAPORE","authors":"H. Ng, H. Tan","doi":"10.1142/S0219607710000504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219607710000504","url":null,"abstract":"We have recorded 54 species of non-native or alien freshwater fishes from 14 of the 15 reservoirs in Singapore. 31 of these species are established and breeding in the reservoirs. Three species (Mystus wolffii, Amphilophus citrinellum, and Satanoperca jurupari) represent new alien records for Singapore.","PeriodicalId":80753,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin - Cosmos Club. Cosmos Club (Washington, D.C.)","volume":"28 1","pages":"95-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88021556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 73
THE ZEBRA SPINY EEL (MACROGNATHUS ZEBRINUS) — A NON-NATIVE SPECIES IN SINGAPORE (SYNBRANCHIFORMES: MASTACEMBELIDAE) 斑马刺鳗(macrognathus zebrinus) -新加坡的一种非本地物种(合枝目:乳鳗科)
Bulletin - Cosmos Club. Cosmos Club (Washington, D.C.) Pub Date : 2010-08-01 DOI: 10.1142/S0219607710000449
H. Ng
{"title":"THE ZEBRA SPINY EEL (MACROGNATHUS ZEBRINUS) — A NON-NATIVE SPECIES IN SINGAPORE (SYNBRANCHIFORMES: MASTACEMBELIDAE)","authors":"H. Ng","doi":"10.1142/S0219607710000449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219607710000449","url":null,"abstract":"More information on the distribution of the zebra spiny eel (Macrognathus zebrinus), a non-native species recently recorded in Singapore, is provided in this study. The spiny eel is known from four reservoirs (Kranji, Lower Peirce, Lower Seletar, and Tengeh) on the island. The presence of large numbers of this species in the Kranji and Lower Seletar reservoirs indicates that the zebra spiny eel is now established in Singapore.","PeriodicalId":80753,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin - Cosmos Club. Cosmos Club (Washington, D.C.)","volume":"4 1","pages":"91-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79848351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
THE DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY OF LEUCAENA LEUCOCEPHALA (LAM.) DE WIT SSP. LEUCOCEPHALA (FABACEAE) IN SINGAPORE 白桦的分布与生态学研究德和斯普。产自新加坡的白头翁属植物
Bulletin - Cosmos Club. Cosmos Club (Washington, D.C.) Pub Date : 2010-08-01 DOI: 10.1142/S0219607710000462
A. Lok, K. Tan, W. F. Ang, H. Tan
{"title":"THE DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY OF LEUCAENA LEUCOCEPHALA (LAM.) DE WIT SSP. LEUCOCEPHALA (FABACEAE) IN SINGAPORE","authors":"A. Lok, K. Tan, W. F. Ang, H. Tan","doi":"10.1142/S0219607710000462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219607710000462","url":null,"abstract":"Leucaena leucaena ssp. leucocephala has become the fourth-most-rampant tree weed in Singapore, after Acacia auriculiformis, Falcataria mollucana, and Spathodea campanulata. The spread of the species around the island in recent times is believed to have been established from seed-contaminated soil, brought in from Malaysia or Indonesia for land reclamation and soil works. However, the species is more easily controlled because of its smaller size. It may be a potential candidate for use in reforestation projects in Singapore's nature reserves, to improve impoverished soils on exposed sites as well as to provide shade for seedling or saplings of forest species planted. More research should be done to ascertain the full potential of this species before categorizing it as another nuisance weed species.","PeriodicalId":80753,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin - Cosmos Club. Cosmos Club (Washington, D.C.)","volume":"12 1","pages":"45-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87718153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
INTRODUCED SPECIES IN SINGAPORE: AN OVERVIEW 新加坡引种概述
Bulletin - Cosmos Club. Cosmos Club (Washington, D.C.) Pub Date : 2010-08-01 DOI: 10.1142/S0219607710000486
D. Yeo, C. Chia
{"title":"INTRODUCED SPECIES IN SINGAPORE: AN OVERVIEW","authors":"D. Yeo, C. Chia","doi":"10.1142/S0219607710000486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219607710000486","url":null,"abstract":"An overview of the invasive alien species situation in Singapore is presented. An updated checklist of introduced or alien animals in Singapore is provided; of the 142 species of invertebrates and vertebrates documented, more than 70% are considered established. A brief introduction and discussion of pertinent definitions and terminology for describing invasive alien species, with particular reference to Singapore, is included. In addition, important pathways for biological invasion into Singapore are highlighted, and legislation and institutional roles with respect to alien species issues in Singapore are summarized, featuring examples of management programmes. The article concludes by identifying areas emphasized in recently published alien species research in Singapore and knowledge gaps that need to be filled.","PeriodicalId":80753,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin - Cosmos Club. Cosmos Club (Washington, D.C.)","volume":"35 1","pages":"23-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84340916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 50
THE ECOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION IN SINGAPORE OF BIDENS PILOSA L. (ASTERACEAE) 凤仙花(菊科)在新加坡的生态与分布
Bulletin - Cosmos Club. Cosmos Club (Washington, D.C.) Pub Date : 2010-08-01 DOI: 10.1142/S0219607710000450
A. Lok, K. Tan, H. Tan
{"title":"THE ECOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION IN SINGAPORE OF BIDENS PILOSA L. (ASTERACEAE)","authors":"A. Lok, K. Tan, H. Tan","doi":"10.1142/S0219607710000450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219607710000450","url":null,"abstract":"Bidens pilosa is less widespread than the other composites commonly found in Singapore as it is animal-dispersed, as opposed to wind-dispersed like most of the Asteraceae. However, this species has been observed to spread over a large area within a year in suitable habitats of sandy or rocky moist substrate with adequate sunlight, such as Jalan Chichau and Jalan Lam Sam. Judging by its invasive success in other tropical and subtropical countries, it should do well in Singapore. More studies can be done on this species, and the populations in the abovementioned localities should be closely monitored to determine the success, and the spread of the species.","PeriodicalId":80753,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin - Cosmos Club. Cosmos Club (Washington, D.C.)","volume":"125 1","pages":"39-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77438562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
SUB-10 NM DIRECT PATTERNING OF OXIDES USING AN ELECTRON BEAM — A REVIEW 利用电子束在10nm以下直接绘制氧化物图案化图
Bulletin - Cosmos Club. Cosmos Club (Washington, D.C.) Pub Date : 2009-05-01 DOI: 10.1142/S0219607709000403
M. Saifullah
{"title":"SUB-10 NM DIRECT PATTERNING OF OXIDES USING AN ELECTRON BEAM — A REVIEW","authors":"M. Saifullah","doi":"10.1142/S0219607709000403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219607709000403","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews the progress made in the sub-10 nm electron beam patterning of metal oxides over the last thirty years. The patterning of inorganic resists began with metal halides, they were soon taken over by metal oxides due to their excellent environmental stability. However, these inorganic materials, both halides and oxides, suffered from the requirement of very steep dose, thus rendering them useless for practical applications. This gave way to highly electron beam-sensitive stabilized metal alkoxides and metal naphthenates, with sensitively close to conventional electron beam resists such as poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) and calixarene. Furthermore, they show excellent line edge roughness characteristics at sub-10 nm scale, which is currently unmatched by any other electron beam resist. Recent applications of these resists such as an etch mask and their suitability as gate oxides will be highlighted.","PeriodicalId":80753,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin - Cosmos Club. Cosmos Club (Washington, D.C.)","volume":"90 1","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84362202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY AND QUARTZ CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE STUDY OF PROTEIN-DNA INTERACTIONS IN HORMONE RECEPTOR BIOLOGY 激素受体生物学中蛋白质- dna相互作用的表面等离子体共振光谱和石英晶体微平衡研究
Bulletin - Cosmos Club. Cosmos Club (Washington, D.C.) Pub Date : 2009-05-01 DOI: 10.1142/S0219607709000415
X. Su
{"title":"SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY AND QUARTZ CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE STUDY OF PROTEIN-DNA INTERACTIONS IN HORMONE RECEPTOR BIOLOGY","authors":"X. Su","doi":"10.1142/S0219607709000415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219607709000415","url":null,"abstract":"Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) are surface sensitive analytical techniques capable of real-time monitoring of biomolecular interactions. In this article we review our past work on the use of these two techniques for studying protein–DNA interactions, exemplified with estrogen receptors (ER) and their response elements (ERE). Various assay schemes have been developed for a comprehensive characterization of ER–ERE interactions in terms of sequence specificity, binding affinity, stoichiometry, ligand effects on binding dynamics and conformational changes in the proteins and DNA. These are all important characteristics underlining the mechanism of ER-mediated gene transcription. With these studies we have made the following demonstrations to describe the advantages of these two techniques, namely (i) SPR technique is superior and more versatile than conventional (electrophoretic mobility shift assay) EMSA for studying protein-DNA interactions; (ii) QCM is an alternative tool for studying conformational changes in protein–DNA complexes and (iii) combinational SPR and QCM analysis provides additional characterization of biomolecular films, e.g. film thickness, water content, and conformation rigidity etc.","PeriodicalId":80753,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin - Cosmos Club. Cosmos Club (Washington, D.C.)","volume":"114 1","pages":"79-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80766789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
HIGH MOBILITY CONJUGATED POLYMER SEMICONDUCTORS FOR ORGANIC THIN FILM TRANSISTORS 用于有机薄膜晶体管的高迁移率共轭聚合物半导体
Bulletin - Cosmos Club. Cosmos Club (Washington, D.C.) Pub Date : 2009-05-01 DOI: 10.1142/S0219607709000427
Yuning Li, B. Ong
{"title":"HIGH MOBILITY CONJUGATED POLYMER SEMICONDUCTORS FOR ORGANIC THIN FILM TRANSISTORS","authors":"Yuning Li, B. Ong","doi":"10.1142/S0219607709000427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219607709000427","url":null,"abstract":"Organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) are promising candidates as alternatives to silicon TFTs for applications where light weight, large area and flexibility are required. OTFTs have shown potential for cost effective fabrication using solution deposition techniques under mild conditions. However, two major issues must be addressed prior to the commercialization of OTFT-based electronics: (i) low charge mobilities and (ii) insufficient air stability. This article reviews recent progress in the design and development of thiophene-based polymer semiconductors as channel materials for OTFTs. To date, both high performance p-type and n-type thiophene-based polymers with benchmark charge carrier mobility of > 0.5 cm2 V-1 s-1 have been archived, which bring printed OTFTs one step closer to commercialization.","PeriodicalId":80753,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin - Cosmos Club. Cosmos Club (Washington, D.C.)","volume":"60 1","pages":"59-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82051980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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