THE ECOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION IN SINGAPORE OF BIDENS PILOSA L. (ASTERACEAE)

Bidens pilosa is less widespread than the other composites commonly found in Singapore as it is animal-dispersed, as opposed to wind-dispersed like most of the Asteraceae. However, this species has been observed to spread over a large area within a year in suitable habitats of sandy or rocky moist substrate with adequate sunlight, such as Jalan Chichau and Jalan Lam Sam. Judging by its invasive success in other tropical and subtropical countries, it should do well in Singapore. More studies can be done on this species, and the populations in the abovementioned localities should be closely monitored to determine the success, and the spread of the species.