Anticancer research最新文献

{"title":"Space-making Particle Therapy Using Bioabsorbable Spacer for Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas: Two-institution Experience.","authors":"Akifumi Kajihara, Yusuke Demizu, Kazuma Iwashita, Sungchul Park, Nobuyoshi Fukumitsu, Sunao Tokumaru, Daiki Takahashi, Yoshiro Matsuo, Kazuki Terashima, Tomoaki Okimoto, Satoshi Seno, Takeaki Ishihara, Daisuke Miyawaki, Shohei Komatsu, Yi-Wei Chen, Takumi Fukumoto, Ryohei Sasaki","doi":"10.21873/anticanres.17738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.17738","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Particle therapy for bone and soft tissue sarcomas (BSTSs) is limited if the tumor is close to the intestine. Space-making particle therapy (SMPT) using a bioabsorbable spacer (BAS) may treat this condition. We aimed to evaluate SMPT outcomes using a BAS for BSTSs.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>We retrospectively identified 28 patients who underwent SMPT with BAS between November 2019 and August 2023. Outcomes and associations with each factor were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. Adverse events were determined using CTCAE v5.0.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median age was 48.5 years (1-78), and the most common histological type was chordoma (25%). Among all patients, 71% were treated with proton therapy and 29% with carbon ion therapy. The most frequent dose fractionations were 70.4 Gy (relative biological effectiveness) in 16 fractions (36%) and 32 fractions (36%). The median follow-up period was 29.5 months (7-48). The 3-year overall survival, progression-free survival, and local control rates were 83%, 63%, and 80%, respectively. Tumor location (pelvis) and low aggressive sarcoma (chordoma and Ewing sarcoma) were significantly associated with better progression-free survival. Adverse events related to the BAS included grade 2 constipation in 7% of patients. Radiation toxicities included acute grade 2 and 3 dermatitis in 36% and 4% of patients, respectively. Late grade 2 toxicities included fractures (7%), peripheral motor neuropathy (4%), dermatitis (4%), superficial soft tissue fibrosis (4%), and skin pain (4%). Late grade 3 toxicities involved fractures (4%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SMPT using a BAS appears effective and safe for treating BSTSs near critical organs, enabling curative dosing with minimal toxicity. Longer follow-up is needed to assess long-term outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8072,"journal":{"name":"Anticancer research","volume":"45 9","pages":"3785-3794"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144940025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Rare Case of Fibrolamellar Hepatocellular Carcinoma in an Elderly Patient With Prior Hepatitis C Achieving Sustained Virologic Response.","authors":"Hiroyuki Komori, Toshiro Masuda, Ryoichi Kurano, Hiroki Sugita, Fumimasa Kitamura, Rumiko Tashima, Shinobu Honda, Seiji Mita, Yasunori Nagayama, Toru Beppu","doi":"10.21873/anticanres.17762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.17762","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FLHCC) is a rare histological variant of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that typically affects adolescents and young adults without underlying liver disease. In elderly patients, particularly those with a history of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, FLHCC is extremely rare and presents diagnostic challenges.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>A 67-year-old woman with a history of chronic HCV infection and sustained virologic response (SVR) was incidentally found to have two hepatic lesions during routine follow-up imaging. Contrast-enhanced studies revealed early arterial enhancement and delayed washout, suggestive of conventional HCC. She underwent open segmentectomy of segment 7 and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of the segment 4/8 lesion. Histopathological examination of the resected specimen confirmed the diagnosis of FLHCC. The patient experienced three recurrences, treated with two laparoscopic RFAs and one open systematic liver resection. The third recurrence was histologically confirmed as FLHCC. Although the ablated lesions were not biopsied, the clinical course and tumor marker trends supported a diagnosis of metastatic and multicentric FLHCC. The patient subsequently received two sessions of transarterial chemoembolization. At seven years and two months after the initial surgery, she remains alive with disease and maintains a performance status of 0.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We report an extremely rare case of FLHCC in an elderly patient with a history of HCV infection and SVR. Long-term disease control was achieved through multidisciplinary treatment centered on surgical resection and RFA. Surgical pathology and local ablation play important roles in managing recurrent disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":8072,"journal":{"name":"Anticancer research","volume":"45 9","pages":"4047-4055"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144939992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Small Molecule Inhibitors Targeting PD-L1 Protein Using Computational Tools and an Experimental Assay.","authors":"Shymaa Damfo, Almohanad A Alkayyal, Ahmad Bakur Mahmoud","doi":"10.21873/anticanres.17733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.17733","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Research into PD-L1 is critical in the development of small-molecule anti-cancer drugs. The current chemical compounds that bind to PD-1/PD-L1 exhibit lower efficacy than clinically relevant monoclonal antibodies, necessitating the need for new inhibitors. The aim of this study was to identify and characterise small-molecule inhibitors of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this study, 1,900 compounds were screened against the PDL-1 target to identify binders using the ICM program. Virtual characterization by SwissADME of chemical scaffolds exhibiting high binding affinity to PD-L1 was performed. This was followed by the evaluation of the compounds for their PD-L1/PD-1 inhibitory activity in an <i>in vitro</i> ELISA assay, compared to the control.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis of the inhibition of the PD-L1 and PD-1 interaction revealed significant inhibition of the interaction with four compounds (Compound 3; X86577), (Compound 4; X02079), (Compound 6; X53550), and (Compound 9; X14474) compared to the anti-PD-1 neutralizing antibody.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings present optimised small-molecule inhibitors targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, which could serve as effective immune checkpoint inhibitors. This work provides valuable insight into therapeutic solutions in addressing unmet medical needs in the oncology field.</p>","PeriodicalId":8072,"journal":{"name":"Anticancer research","volume":"45 9","pages":"3727-3735"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144939997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tegafur-uracil as a Maintenance Therapy for Non-metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Insights from the Literature.","authors":"Tung-Lung Yang, Po-Huang Chen, Hsu-Lin Lee, Hong-Jie Jhou, Cho-Hao Lee, Jih-Chin Lee, Yueng-Hsiang Chu, Jia-Hong Chen","doi":"10.21873/anticanres.17726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.17726","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains a challenging malignancy with high rates of recurrence following definitive therapy. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of tegafur-uracil (UFT) maintenance therapy in patients with non-metastatic NPC after curative treatment. A systematic literature search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library was performed to identify eligible studies. Three retrospective cohort studies including a total of 558 patients were analyzed. Random-effects meta-analysis demonstrated that UFT maintenance therapy significantly improved both progression-free survival [hazard ratio (HR)=0.53, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.35-0.81] and overall survival (HR=0.37, 95%CI=0.21-0.65) compared to observation alone. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings. However, trial sequential analysis indicated that the cumulative evidence did not meet the a priori information size required for a conclusive result, highlighting the need for further high-quality studies. In summary, UFT maintenance therapy may represent a promising option to reduce recurrence and improve survival in non-metastatic NPC, particularly in settings where access to novel agents is limited, but additional prospective studies are needed to confirm its clinical benefit.</p>","PeriodicalId":8072,"journal":{"name":"Anticancer research","volume":"45 9","pages":"3617-3628"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144940046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigenda.","authors":"","doi":"10.21873/anticanres.17765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.17765","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8072,"journal":{"name":"Anticancer research","volume":"45 9","pages":"4113"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144940064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester on Osteoblastic Cell Behavior in Coculture With Breast Adenocarcinoma Cells.","authors":"Iara Gonçalves Aquino, Priscila Coelho DE Almeida, João Pedro Rangel-Coelho, Larissa Moreira Spinola DE Castro Raucci, Elizabeth Ferreira Martinez, Lucas Novaes Teixeira","doi":"10.21873/anticanres.17732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.17732","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in women. The Wnt pathway, essential for osteogenesis, may help counteract tumor-induced bone damage. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a natural polyphenol, shows anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and bone anabolic effects. This study aimed to evaluate the <i>in vitro</i> effects of CAPE (10 nM) on osteoblastic cells (Saos-2) cocultured with breast adenocarcinoma cells (AU565).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>ALP activity was assessed on days 5 and 10, mineralization on day 14, and gene expression (DKK1, SOST, TNFSF11, TNFSF11B) on days 5 and 10. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test (α=5%).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On day 5, AU565 coculture reduced ALP activity in Saos-2 cells (<i>p</i><0.05), which CAPE reversed (<i>p</i><0.05). No differences were observed on day 10 (<i>p</i>>0.05). Mineralization was reduced by coculture and restored by CAPE (<i>p</i> <0.05). In AU565 cells, coculture upregulated DKK1, SOST, and TNFSF11 (<i>p</i><0.05); CAPE downregulated SOST (day 5) and TNFSF11 (both days), upregulated TNFSF11B, and had no effect on DKK1. In Saos-2 cells, coculture increased all target genes (<i>p</i><0.05); CAPE upregulated TNFSF11B (day 5), had no effect on other genes at that time, and downregulated DKK1, SOST, and TNFSF11 on day 10 (<i>p</i><0.05), with no effect on TNFSF11B.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CAPE reduces Wnt pathway antagonists and osteoclastogenesis genes while restoring osteoblastic matrix calcification, supporting its potential to mitigate the effects of breast adenocarcinoma metastasis in bone tissue.</p>","PeriodicalId":8072,"journal":{"name":"Anticancer research","volume":"45 9","pages":"3719-3726"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144940110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Remnant Gastric Perfusion Using Indocyanine Green During Pancreaticoduodenectomy After Gastrectomy: A Case Report.","authors":"Ryo Katayama, Takeshi Aoki, Kazuhiro Matsuda, Kimiyasu Yamazaki, Yuta Enami, Akira Fujimori, Tomokazu Kusano, Ryohei Watanabe, Hiromi Date, Koji Nogaki, Yoshihiko Tashiro, Hideki Shibata, Kodai Tomioka, Takahito Hirai, Marie Uchida, Kazuhiko Saito, Tatsuya Yamazaki, Shodai Nagaishi, Yukari Shinohara, Hiroki Yamaue","doi":"10.21873/anticanres.17763","DOIUrl":"10.21873/anticanres.17763","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Pancreatectomy after gastrectomy has been reported as a risk factor for ischemic complications in the remnant stomach. Severe complications may arise if the remnant stomach develops impaired blood flow. Herein, we describe a case of pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) following proximal gastrectomy (PG) in which indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence was useful for evaluating remnant gastric perfusion.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>An 81-year-old woman was diagnosed with a neuroendocrine tumor (NET) of the pancreatic head 7 months after undergoing robot-assisted proximal gastrectomy (RPG) for gastric cancer. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) revealed no distant metastases or lymphadenopathy, but the tumor was close to the main pancreatic duct; therefore, PD was planned. The stomach wall was approached along the subtotal stomach-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (SSPPD) line. After clamping the stomach at the planned resection line, ICG was injected intravenously to evaluate perfusion. Fluorescence was observed only near the gastrojejunostomy, indicating inadequate blood flow; thus, the transection line was revised based on ICG fluorescence, and the remnant stomach was resected. Pathological findings confirmed NET, G1, pT1cN1aM0, Stage IIIB. Three months postoperatively, the patient showed no ischemia-related complications and remains under outpatient follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ICG fluorescence imaging may be a useful intraoperative tool for evaluating remnant gastric perfusion during pancreatic resection following gastrectomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":8072,"journal":{"name":"Anticancer research","volume":"45 9","pages":"4057-4062"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144939998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malignant Melanoma: The Relationship Between Sunscreen Use and Cancer Risk - A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Anne Simone Brunner, Sinan Haddad, Julius Johannes Weise, Stefan Wagenpfeil, Thomas Vogt, Joerg Reichrath","doi":"10.21873/anticanres.17724","DOIUrl":"10.21873/anticanres.17724","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Solar radiation represents the most important environmental risk factor for skin cancer. Despite growing awareness of the importance of regular sun protection products, the incidence of malignant melanoma continues to rise. This raises the question of whether sunscreen use truly provides a protective benefit against the risk of melanoma. The aim of this study was to assess the relevance of sunscreen use for melanoma risk.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using PubMed database. The use of sunscreen was compared based on the categories \"ever\" <i>vs.</i> \"never\". The study quality and level of evidence were assessed using recognized assessment tools. Crude odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Moderation analyses were conducted to explore the influence of sex, study quality, and geographical location on the overall effect estimate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 23 relevant studies were identified. An OR of 0.98 (95%CI=0.79-1.21, <i>p</i>=0.83) for the categories sunscreen use \"ever\" <i>vs.</i> \"never/rarely\" and an OR of 0.95 (95%CI=0.75-1.20, <i>p</i>=0.66) for the categories sunscreen use ever <i>vs.</i> never indicate no significant association between sunscreen use and melanoma risk. This means that a protective effect for sunscreen use and melanoma risk could not be proven. There was significant heterogeneity between the studies, which could not be explained despite sensitivity analyses, subgroup analyses, and examination of funnel plots. As an asymmetric funnel plot and a significant Egger's test occurred, the results should be interpreted with caution.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>No association was found between melanoma risk and sunscreen use. Many of the studies showed methodological inaccuracies and further studies examining sunscreen application frequency and behavior towards sun exposure in more detail are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":8072,"journal":{"name":"Anticancer research","volume":"45 9","pages":"3595-3603"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144940133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preoperative Predictive Nomogram (DASINEL Score) for Early Recurrence in Pancreatic Cancer.","authors":"Hiromitsu Maehira, Nobuhito Nitta, Haruki Mori, Takeru Maekawa, Takeshi Sonoda, Reiko Otake, Soichiro Tani, Katsushi Takebayashi, Masatsugu Kojima, Sachiko Kaida, Toru Miyake, Masaji Tani","doi":"10.21873/anticanres.17737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.17737","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Early recurrence (ER) following radical resection of pancreatic cancer (PC) is associated with poor survival outcomes, regardless of whether patients receive upfront surgery or neoadjuvant therapy (NAT). This study aimed to explore risk factors for ER across all treatment settings for PC.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>In this retrospective study, 146 patients who underwent radical resection of PC were enrolled at the Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital. ER was defined as recurrence within 6 months of surgery. Preoperative evaluation factors were compared between the ER and non-ER groups. A preoperative ER prediction nomogram was developed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 36 of the 147 patients (24.7%) experienced ER. The median survival time (MST) and post-recurrence survival time were shorter in the ER group than in the non-ER group (<i>p</i><0.001 and <i>p</i>=0.033, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed abnormal duke pancreatic monoclonal antigen type 2 levels (<i>p</i>=0.041), tumor size (<i>p</i>=0.003), and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio ≥4 (<i>p</i>=0.016) as independent predictive factors for ER following radical resection. Subsequently, an ER-predicting nomogram was developed, called the DASINEL score. The incidence of ER was associated with the DASINEL score (Cochran-Armitage test, <i>p</i><0.001). The MST was significantly shorter in the DASINEL score ≥60 group than in the <60 group (15.3 <i>vs.</i> 39.8 months, <i>p</i><0.001), even in patients receiving NAT (<i>p</i>= 0.005) and those with resectable PC (<i>p</i><0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The DASINEL score may be a valuable tool for predicting ER across all treatment scenarios for PC.</p>","PeriodicalId":8072,"journal":{"name":"Anticancer research","volume":"45 9","pages":"3773-3784"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144939761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Significance of PD-L1, LAG3, and VISTA in Patients With Poorly Cohesive Cell Gastric Cancer.","authors":"Yun Ji Lee, Jin Ho Baek, Jong Gwang Kim, Ki Bum Park, Ji Yeon Park, Oh Kyoung Kwon, An Na Seo, Moon Sik Kim, Byung Woog Kang","doi":"10.21873/anticanres.17752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.17752","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Compared to other histological gastric cancer subtypes, poorly cohesive cells gastric cancer (PCC-GC) is characterized by a distinct set of epidemiological, histological, and clinical features requiring a specific diagnostic and therapeutic approach. This study analyzed the expression of programmed cell death protein ligand-1 (PD-L1), lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG3), and V-domain suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) and their impact on the survival of patients with PCC-GC.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>We retrospectively collected 230 surgically resected stage II/III PCC-GC cases. After LAG3, VISTA, and PD-L1 immunostaining, VISTA expression was assessed in immune (ICs) and tumor cells (TCs). The clinicopathological and prognostic significance of these biomarkers were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median patient's age was 60 years (range=31-86 years). Additionally, 126 patients (54.8%) were males, and 104 patients (45.2%) were females. Ninety-eight patients (42.6%) had stage II PCC-GC, and 132 patients (57.4%) had stage III PCC-GC. LAG3 over-expression was observed in 9.6% of PCC-GC cases. VISTA in ICs and PD-L1 were over-expressed in 73.0% and 13.9% of the cohort, respectively. Expression of VISTA in ICs was more frequently observed in stage III PCC-GC (<i>p</i>= 0.02). LAG3 and VISTA positivity in ICs served as favorable outcome indicators for disease-free survival, although without statistically significant difference (<i>p</i>=0.054). PD-L1 expression did not have a prognostic value in patients with PCC-GC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>VISTA-IC positivity was significantly associated with the pathologic stage. Since a higher LAG3 and VISTA-IC expression showed a tendency to predict favorable patient outcomes, these immune-related markers might serve as prognostic and therapeutic indicators for patients with PCC-GC.</p>","PeriodicalId":8072,"journal":{"name":"Anticancer research","volume":"45 9","pages":"3939-3951"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144939996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}