Anticancer research最新文献

{"title":"Postoperative Changes in Nutritional Status and their Impact on Post-recurrence Prognosis After Pancreatoduodenectomy in Patients With Biliary Tract Carcinoma: An Age-stratified Analysis.","authors":"Wataru Izumo, Ryo Saito, Hidetake Amemiya, Suguru Maruyama, Koichi Takiguchi, Katsutoshi Shoda, Kensuke Shiraishi, Shinji Furuya, Yoshihiko Kawaguchi, Hiromichi Kawaida, Daisuke Ichikawa","doi":"10.21873/anticanres.18161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.18161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>To clarify postoperative changes in nutritional status and their impact on post-recurrence prognosis after pancrexatoduodenectomy in patients with biliary tract carcinoma based on age and recurrence status.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>We compared 91 patients aged ≥70 years and 68 patients aged <70 years and evaluated the relationship between postoperative nutritional indices and prognosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Although the 5-year recurrence-free survival rates were similar between the two groups (≥70 years, 48.6%; <70 years: 59.3%, <i>p</i>=0.31), the median post-recurrence survival time and the 5-year overall survival rate were significantly worse in older patients (≥70 <i>vs</i>. <70 years: 1.1 <i>vs</i>. 1.7 years, <i>p</i>=0.0024; and 48.8% <i>vs</i>. 69.3%, <i>p</i>=0.0080). In patients with recurrence, many nutritional statuses at recurrence and the rate of treatment after recurrence were significantly poorer in elderly patients; however, no age-related differences in these indices were observed in patients without recurrence. Moreover, among elderly patients, these nutritional parameters were significantly lower in those with recurrence than in those without, whereas they were comparable among younger patients. In the multivariate analyses, no treatment after recurrence was an independent factor for poor post-recurrence survival (hazard ratio=2.1). Furthermore, age ≥70 years at initial surgery and low serum cholinesterase levels at recurrence were risk factors for treatment after recurrence (odds ratios of 0.22 and 0.11).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Only elderly patients with recurrence had poorer nutritional indices at recurrence, resulting in a lower rate of post-recurrence treatment and shorter post-recurrence survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":8072,"journal":{"name":"Anticancer research","volume":"46 5","pages":"2817-2828"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic Significance of the Lymph Node Ratio in Obstructive Colorectal Cancer: A Retrospective Multicenter Study.","authors":"Toshio Shiraishi, Tetsuro Tominaga, Takashi Nonaka, Yuma Takamura, Hiroki Katayama, Shintaro Hashimoto, Mariko Yamashita, Keisuke Noda, Kazuki Motoyama, Rika Ono, Makoto Hisanaga, Akiko Fukuda, Masaaki Moriyama, Fumitake Uchida, Masaki Kunizaki, Keitaro Matsumoto","doi":"10.21873/anticanres.18150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.18150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>This study evaluated the association between lymph node ratio (LNR) and long-term prognosis in pathological node-positive patients with obstructive colorectal cancer (CRC) who underwent colonic stent insertion as a bridge to surgery.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong><i>T</i>his retrospective multicenter study included 75 node-positive patients with obstructive CRC treated with a colonic stent. Receiver operating characteristic analysis for 5-year relapse-free survival identified an optimal LNR cut-off of 0.125. Patients were thus classified into high-LNR (LNR-H, n=40) and low-LNR (LNR-L, n=35) groups. Clinicopathological factors, surgical outcomes, and survival were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The LNR-H group had a higher median number of metastatic lymph nodes (4 <i>vs</i>. 1; <i>p</i><0.001), and a lower lymph node yield (21 <i>vs</i>. 27; <i>p</i>=0.022). LNR-H was associated with worse 5-year relapse-free survival (32.0% <i>vs</i>. 60.1%; <i>p</i>=0.012) and overall survival (51.2% <i>vs</i>. 72.7%; <i>p</i>=0.006). Multivariate analysis identified LNR-H (relapse-free survival: hazard ratio=2.371, 95% confidence interval=1.157-4.862; <i>p</i>=0.018; overall survival: hazard ratio=4.301, 95% confidence interval=1.595-11.569; <i>p</i>=0.004) and blood loss as independent predictors of prognosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LNR appears to represent a practical biomarker, with an elevated LNR independently predicting long-term outcomes among patients with node-positive obstructive CRC undergoing stent placement before surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":8072,"journal":{"name":"Anticancer research","volume":"46 5","pages":"2703-2711"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Apoptotic Induction by 1,5-Diaryl-1,4-pentadien-3-one Derivatives in the HL60 Cell Line: <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Silico</i> Expression.","authors":"Arshee Rehman, Zia Udin, Yasar Shah, Abdur Rauf, Khalaf F Alsharif, Khalid J Alzahrani, Abdul Saboor Pirzada, Maria Daglia, Michael Aschner, Haroon Khan","doi":"10.21873/anticanres.18123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.18123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Despite advancements in therapeutic agents, cancer treatment, especially for leukemia, is still a formidable challenge for the clinician. The promyelocytic leukemia cell line, HL-60, is widely used for the assessment of the antileukemic potential of new compounds. The current study is designed to investigate the anti-cancer potential of 1,5-diaryl-1,4-pentadien-3-one (DPO) derivatives [Elliptinium Acetate <b>1</b>, Naphthol AS-BI <b>2</b>, Alpha-Cyclopiazonic acid <b>3</b>, Naphthalen-1-yl(1-pentyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl) methanone <b>4</b>, and Oxaprozin <b>5</b>] using cell viability assay and induction of apoptosis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The anticancer activity was checked against the HL-60 cell line using an MTT assay, followed by apoptotic assay, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies. The Desmond simulation package of Schrodinger (v.2022-1) was employed to perform MD simulations analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The DPO derivatives reduce the cell viability of HL-60 cell lines. Similarly, the active compounds are tested against a human fibroblast cell line (BJ cells). Compound <b>2</b> was noncytotoxic, while compounds <b>1</b> and <b>5</b> were cytotoxic to the BJ cell line. The apoptotic assay was performed for compound <b>2</b>, which showed 0.5% necrotic cells, 67.2% early, and 22.6% late apoptosis in HL-60 cells after 24 h of incubation. Molecular docking demonstrated that the tested compound (compound <b>2</b>) interacted with topoisomerase IIb <i>via</i> hydrophobic interactions. Moreover, the topoisomerase II interacted with several residues within the hydrophobic pocket, including Ile125, Pro126, Val137, and Ile217. The RMSD plots for compounds <b>1-5</b> and doxorubicin in complex with topoisomerase IIb indicated stabilization of the topoisomerase IIb complex over time.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Naphthol AS-BI 2 exhibits significant antileukemic activity and warrants further investigation to explore its clinical potential in leukemia therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":8072,"journal":{"name":"Anticancer research","volume":"46 5","pages":"2361-2373"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Progressive Disease Predicts Poor Outcomes of Second-line VEGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapy After First-line Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab in Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma.","authors":"Nobuki Furubayashi, Jiro Tsujita, Azusa Takayama, Yuta Shiraishi, Motonobu Nakamura, Takahito Negishi","doi":"10.21873/anticanres.18144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.18144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>The optimal treatment sequence after first-line nivolumab plus ipilimumab (Nivo+Ipi) for advanced renal cell carcinoma remains unclear, particularly for patients with early progressive disease (PD). We evaluated the effectiveness of second-line vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (VEGFR-TKI) therapy after Nivo+Ipi according to early PD status.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>This retrospective single-center study included patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma treated at Kyushu Cancer Center between September 2018 and January 2026. Among 54 patients who received systemic therapy, 40 were treated with first-line Nivo+Ipi. We analyzed 21 patients who subsequently received second-line VEGFR-TKI therapy (cabozantinib or axitinib). Early PD was defined as PD within 12 weeks of Nivo+Ipi initiation. Best response and progression-free survival (PFS) after second-line therapy were compared between early PD and non-early PD groups. A sensitivity analysis was performed among patients treated with cabozantinib.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 21 patients receiving second-line therapy, 12 were classified as early PD and 9 as non-early PD. Best response differed between groups: early PD (partial response, 0/12; stable disease, 5/12; PD, 7/12) <i>versus</i> non-early PD (partial response, 4/9; stable disease, 3/9; PD, 2/9) (<i>p</i>=0.037). Median PFS after second-line VEGFR-TKI was 2.42 months [95% confidence interval (CI)=1.18-5.75] in the early PD group and 9.90 months (95%CI=3.45-10.59) in the non-early PD group (log-rank <i>p</i>=0.003). In the cabozantinib-restricted sensitivity analysis, median PFS was 2.53 months (95%CI=1.61-2.70) <i>versus</i> 18.67 months (95%CI=3.39-not estimable) (log-rank <i>p</i><0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Early PD after first-line Nivo+Ipi was associated with no objective response and markedly shorter PFS with second-line VEGFR-TKI. These findings suggest that early PD may identify a high-risk subgroup with limited benefit from standard second-line VEGFR-TKI treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":8072,"journal":{"name":"Anticancer research","volume":"46 5","pages":"2643-2651"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Ovarian Portal: An Unusual Pathway to Discovery, A Rare Initial Manifestation of Colon Cancer.","authors":"Nasim Salimiaghdam, Xuebin Yang, Hongyan Liang","doi":"10.21873/anticanres.18169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.18169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Ovarian metastases from colorectal carcinoma (CRC) are rare but have significant clinical implications, often resembling primary ovarian tumors. An incorrect diagnosis can result in delayed systemic therapy and surgical planning.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>A 56-year-old postmenopausal woman presented with right lower quadrant pain and postmenopausal bleeding. Pelvic ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) scans demonstrated a large, complex adnexal mass with thickening of the ascending colonic wall. She underwent diagnostic laparoscopy and subsequent total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, omentectomy, tumor debulking, and right hemicolectomy. The postoperative pathology revealed a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the cecum, with bilaterally metastatic involvement of the ovaries, omentum, peritoneal surfaces, and liver serosa. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the colonic origin (CDX2⁺, CK20⁺, CK7^-). She was diagnosed with stage IVc (pT4aN2aM1c) colon adenocarcinoma and subsequently started on systemic treatment with mFOLFIRINOX with bevacizumab.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights the diagnostic challenge of distinguishing between primary ovarian carcinoma and metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma, underscoring the need for multidisciplinary collaboration and immunohistochemical confirmation to inform treatment decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8072,"journal":{"name":"Anticancer research","volume":"46 5","pages":"2915-2923"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Timing and Risk Factors for Hyperglycemia Associated With Anamorelin Administration.","authors":"Yoshihiro Amakawa, Kazuo Kobayashi, Yuma Nonomiya, Hisanori Shimizu, Kazuyoshi Kawakami, Takashi Yokokawa, Naoki Sasahira, Masato Ozaka, Tsuyoshi Takeda, Kensei Yamaguchi, Daisuke Takahari, Makoto Nishio, Ryo Ariyasu, Toru Kitazawa, Masakazu Yamaguchi","doi":"10.21873/anticanres.18152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.18152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Anamorelin, a ghrelin receptor agonist, alleviates cancer cachexia by stimulating appetite and growth hormone secretion but may induce hyperglycemia <i>via</i> insulin resistance. Although clinical trials have reported a low incidence of this adverse effect, severe cases have been described, and evidence regarding onset timing and risk factors in real-world practice is scarce.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>This single-center retrospective study included patients with non-small-cell lung, gastric, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers who received anamorelin between June 2021 and September 2023. Hyperglycemia was defined as a blood glucose level of >200 mg/dl. The primary endpoints were incidence, time to onset, and risk factors. Clinical data were extracted from electronic medical records, and logistic regression analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 129 patients included in the study, pancreatic cancer was the most common malignancy (38.0%). Hyperglycemia occurred in 29.5% of patients, with Grade ≥3 events occurring in 20.2% of cases. Among affected patients, 81.6% developed hyperglycemia within 28 days of treatment initiation. Multivariate analysis identified diabetes mellitus [odds ratio (OR)=7.081; 95% confidence interval (CI)=2.774-18.076; <i>p</i><0.001] and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level >42 IU/l (OR=4.746; 95%CI=1.417-15.895; <i>p</i>=0.012) as independent predictors. The concomitant use of corticosteroids and neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists was not significantly associated with the incidence of hyperglycemia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Anamorelin-induced hyperglycemia occurred in nearly one-third of patients, predominantly within the first month of therapy. Diabetes mellitus and elevated ALT level were independent predictors, highlighting the need for close glucose monitoring in at-risk patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":8072,"journal":{"name":"Anticancer research","volume":"46 5","pages":"2725-2733"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential of Inflammatory and Nutritional Markers and Clinicopathological Factors for Prognostic Prediction in Osteosarcoma.","authors":"Kazuhiko Hashimoto, Shuniji Nishimura, Koji Goto","doi":"10.21873/anticanres.18151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.18151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Prognostic factors for osteosarcoma remain insufficiently defined. This study evaluated the prognostic significance of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), and prognostic nutritional index (PNI), and examined their associations with clinicopathological factors.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Eighteen patients with osteosarcoma treated at our institution were retrospectively analyzed. NLR, SIRI, and PNI were calculated from pretreatment blood tests. Associations between each index and clinical factors - including stage, lung metastasis, distant metastasis, and local recurrence - were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median follow-up was 79 months. Eight patients (44.4%) died of disease. In univariate analysis, stage was the only significant prognostic factor (HR=1.681, <i>p</i>=0.0308). Lung metastasis showed borderline significance (HR=3.593, <i>p</i>=0.0817). PNI demonstrated borderline significance in Kaplan-Meier analysis (<i>p</i>=0.0880) and was lower in patients who died (50.03 <i>vs</i>. 54.93). In multivariate analysis, the PNI-adjusted model showed the highest concordance index (0.704). NLR and SIRI were not independent prognostic factors but tended to be elevated in advanced-stage disease and in patients with lung metastasis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although PNI was not an independent prognostic factor, it demonstrated clinical relevance as an indicator of nutritional and immune status. NLR and SIRI may reflect tumor progression. An integrated risk assessment combining stage, lung metastasis, and PNI may improve prognostic prediction in osteosarcoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":8072,"journal":{"name":"Anticancer research","volume":"46 5","pages":"2713-2723"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Musashi1 Enhances Cell Growth and Increases Chemoresistance in Neuroblastoma.","authors":"Elizabeth D Cochran, Jingbo Qiao, Arti Machchhar, Jillian C Jacobson, Sullivan McCreery, Dai H Chung","doi":"10.21873/anticanres.18120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.18120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Neuroblastoma remains a major cause of pediatric cancer mortality and although intensive multimodal treatment strategies have improved survival, they have also led to an increased risk of long-term treatment-related toxicities among survivors. This study aimed to evaluate the potential involvement of (Musashi) Msi1 in neuroblastoma oncogenesis and etoposide treatment response.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The expression of Msi1, an RNA-binding protein and stem cell marker, was examined in MYCN amplified and non-amplified cells, which were then quantified by densitometry. Immunoblotting was used to assess total protein levels in all cell lines. In addition, the impact of Msi1 silencing on etoposide sensitivity was also assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found that increased Msi1 expression is associated with <i>MYCN</i>-amplification and, in a publicly available clinical database, Msi1 upregulation correlates with decreased overall survival and is seen in older patients and those with more advanced disease. Furthermore, <i>in vitro</i> silencing of Msi1 was associated with decreased cell proliferation and colony formation, as well as increased sensitivity to etoposide treatment. These changes correlated with altered expression of several cell cycle, proliferation, and DNA damage repair genes that are known Msi1 targets in other malignancies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings indicate that Msi1 could serve as a novel therapeutic target for high-risk, treatment-refractory neuroblastoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":8072,"journal":{"name":"Anticancer research","volume":"46 5","pages":"2329-2344"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diameter of IPDA Is Associated With Maintenance of Hepatic Arterial Blood Flow in DP-CAR.","authors":"Ryo Muranushi, Isaku Yoshioka, Nana Kimura, Mina Fukasawa, Ayano Sakai, Yoshihiro Shirai, Toru Watanabe, Katsuhisa Hirano, Kazuto Shibuya, Tsutomu Fujii","doi":"10.21873/anticanres.18147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.18147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>During distal pancreatectomy with celiac axis resection (DP-CAR), hepatic arterial blood flow must be maintained. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of and treatment strategies for patients who are ineligible for DP-CAR.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Data from 20 patients for whom DP-CAR was attempted at the University of Toyama from January 2018-June 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All patients received preoperative chemotherapy or chemoradiation therapy (CRT). Thirteen patients underwent DP-CAR, and seven patients underwent DP or DP-CAR with common hepatic artery (CHA) reconstruction because intrahepatic hepatic artery blood flow was lost after CHA clamping. In five patients who underwent DP, intraoperative pathological diagnosis confirmed that tissue around celiac artery (CA) or CHA was cancer free. Preoperative enhanced computed tomography images revealed that the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery (IPDA) diameter was significantly smaller in the DP or DP-CAR with CHA reconstruction group than in the DP-CAR group (1.33 mm <i>vs</i>. 1.78 mm, respectively, <i>p</i>=0.0037). There were no significant differences in recurrence-free survival or overall survival between the DP group and the DP-CAR group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The IPDA diameter can predict the feasibility of DP-CAR. CA- or CHA-sparing surgery may be acceptable for pancreatic cancer with CA invasion in patients who have undergone CRT.</p>","PeriodicalId":8072,"journal":{"name":"Anticancer research","volume":"46 5","pages":"2671-2681"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Combined Treatment With Atorvastatin and SREBP2 Inhibitors Against Colorectal Cancer Cells Under Two-dimensional and Three-dimensional Culture Models.","authors":"Kyota Ishii, Yuno Tauchi, Tomohiro Yano","doi":"10.21873/anticanres.18126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.18126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Statins, inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, have been reported to exert anti-cancer effects. Recently, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2) has been shown to be involved in statin resistance in cancer cells. Inhibiting SREBP2 enhances the anti-cancer effects of statins in several cancer cell lines. Three-dimensional (3D) cultured cells are known to exhibit different drug sensitivities compared to two-dimensional (2D) cultured cells. In this study, we evaluated the cytotoxicity induced by combined treatment with atorvastatin and SREBP2 inhibitors in 2D and 3D cultured colorectal cancer (CRC) cells.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>25-Hydroxycholesterol and δ-tocotrienol were used as SREBP2 inhibitors. The viability of 2D and 3D cultured cells was measured using the MTT assay and the CellTiter-Glo^® 3D Cell Viability Assay. Gene expression levels were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Protein levels were determined by western blotting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>3D cultured cells exhibited lower statin sensitivity compared to 2D cultured cells. The expression levels of SREBP2 and its target genes differed between 2D and 3D cultured cells. In 2D cultured cells, SREBP2 inhibitors blocked atorvastatin-induced SREBP2 activation and enhanced the cytotoxicity of atorvastatin. However, in 3D cultured cells, SREBP2 inhibitors failed to enhance atorvastatin-induced cytotoxicity, although they successfully suppressed atorvastatin-induced SREBP2 activation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The efficacy of a combined statin and SREBP2 inhibitors strategy differs substantially between 2D and 3D cultured CRC cells. 3D cultured cells may possess an SREBP2-independent mechanism of statin resistance that differs from that of 2D cultured cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":8072,"journal":{"name":"Anticancer research","volume":"46 5","pages":"2403-2415"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}