Tribology LettersPub Date : 2024-07-16DOI: 10.1007/s11249-024-01893-x
Kathryn E. Shaffer, Edward J. McCumiskey, Brandon A. Krick, Jeffrey J. Ewin, Curtis R. Taylor, Christopher P. Junk, Gregory S. Blackman, W. Gregory Sawyer, Angela A. Pitenis
{"title":"Atomic Force Microscopy of Transfer Film Development","authors":"Kathryn E. Shaffer, Edward J. McCumiskey, Brandon A. Krick, Jeffrey J. Ewin, Curtis R. Taylor, Christopher P. Junk, Gregory S. Blackman, W. Gregory Sawyer, Angela A. Pitenis","doi":"10.1007/s11249-024-01893-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11249-024-01893-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Atomic force microscopy (AFM) provides the opportunity to perform fundamental and mechanistic observations of complex, dynamic, and transient systems and ultimately link material microstructure and its evolution during tribological interactions. This investigation focuses on the evolution of a dynamic fluoropolymer tribofilm formed during sliding of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) mixed with 5 wt% alpha-phase alumina particles against 304L stainless steel. Sliding was periodically interrupted for AFM topography scans. The average film roughness, the average friction coefficient, and polymer wear rate based on sample height recession were recorded as a function of increasing sliding cycles. Topographical maps suggested tribofilm nucleates in grooves of the steel countersample, spreads, and develops into a uniform film through sliding. Prominent nanoscale features were visible around 10,000 sliding cycles and thereafter. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed good correlations between these features and aluminum-rich domains, suggesting the presence of alumina particles on the surface.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":806,"journal":{"name":"Tribology Letters","volume":"72 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11249-024-01893-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141644280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tribology LettersPub Date : 2024-07-13DOI: 10.1007/s11249-024-01891-z
Jin-Shan He, Gan-Yun Huang, Yue-Sheng Wang, Liao-Liang Ke
{"title":"A Molecular Dynamics Study on the Adhesive Contact with Effect of Tangential Forces","authors":"Jin-Shan He, Gan-Yun Huang, Yue-Sheng Wang, Liao-Liang Ke","doi":"10.1007/s11249-024-01891-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11249-024-01891-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Adhesive contact with the effect of tangential force may have important implications in friction and wear performances of small-sized devices and joining technologies. In the present work, adhesive contact involving tangential loading but before gross slip between spherical objects has been simulated through molecular dynamics (MD) to reveal the interaction between adhesion and the applied forces. When only the normal force is present, the results on force–displacement relationship and interfacial traction have been presented to compare with the predictions of Johnson–Kendall–Roberts (JKR), Maugis–Dugdale (M–D) and the Double–Hertz (D–H) models with the purpose of evaluating their applicability. In the presence of additional tangential forces, their interaction with adhesion has been studied in depth through loading and unloading. Distribution of the shear traction at the interface which is different from that in the existent models has been obtained. Those altogether may help to develop reasonable continuum models for adhesive contact under inclined forces.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":806,"journal":{"name":"Tribology Letters","volume":"72 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141609577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tribology LettersPub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1007/s11249-024-01892-y
B. Pinedo, G. Mendoza, A. López-Ortega, C. Zubizarreta, L. Mendizabal, S. Fraile, L. Ionescu
{"title":"Tribological Investigation on WC/C Coatings Applied on Bearings Subjected to Fretting Wear","authors":"B. Pinedo, G. Mendoza, A. López-Ortega, C. Zubizarreta, L. Mendizabal, S. Fraile, L. Ionescu","doi":"10.1007/s11249-024-01892-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11249-024-01892-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the capability of WC/C coatings to protect bearing bores against fretting wear when there is a lack of lubrication, a typical failure mechanism in bearings subjected to vibrations. Linear pin-on-disc and rotary oscillating block-on-ring tribological tests were carried out reproducing fretting conditions to evaluate the tribological performance and fretting resistance of the developed WC/C coating in comparison with those of the two common coatings currently employed to prevent this type of bearing failure, i.e. thin-dense chrome and fluoropolymer coatings. The friction forces generated under fretting conditions were evaluated, and a deep surface analysis of the tribosystems was carried out through different microscopic techniques in order to identify the wear mechanisms prevailing in each coating. Results suggested that WC/C coatings could be promising candidates to mitigate fretting damage, as they combine a low friction coefficient with good wear resistance. Furthermore, WC/C coatings constitute a more sustainable solution compared to the currently employed PTFE and chrome-based coatings, paving the way to a greener society.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":806,"journal":{"name":"Tribology Letters","volume":"72 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tribology LettersPub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.1007/s11249-024-01885-x
Sang Xiong, Jiaqi He, Chenglong Wang
{"title":"Preparation and Tribological Behavior of N-doped Graphene Oxide Quantum Dots with MoS2 and Al2O3 Nanocomposites as Lubricant Additive in Aqueous Glycerol","authors":"Sang Xiong, Jiaqi He, Chenglong Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11249-024-01885-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11249-024-01885-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>N-doped graphene oxide quantum dots (NGOQDs) with MoS<sub>2</sub> and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanocomposites were prepared by solvothermal method. The morphology and the composition and structure of the prepared composites were characterized by TEM, XRD, Raman, ATR-FTIR, and XPS. Tribological behavior of NGOQDs-MoS<sub>2</sub> and NGOQDs-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanocomposites as lubricant additive in aqueous glycerol were studied. Through experiments and MD simulations, the tribochemistry-induced lubrication mechanism was disclosed. The results shows that the combination of NGOQDs and hydrated glycerol can significantly improve lubrication performance, and the addition of NGOQDs-MoS<sub>2</sub> and NGOQDs-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles can further improve tribological properties. The formation of a tribofilm through tribochemical induced lubrication mechanism improves the wear resistance of metal surfaces.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":806,"journal":{"name":"Tribology Letters","volume":"72 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141513689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tribology LettersPub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1007/s11249-024-01882-0
Yonglong Wu, Jing Tan, Xinmin Li, Wing San Tony Hung, Ulf Olofsson, Löwer Manuel
{"title":"Effect of Humidity on the Tribological Properties of PA66 Gear Materials","authors":"Yonglong Wu, Jing Tan, Xinmin Li, Wing San Tony Hung, Ulf Olofsson, Löwer Manuel","doi":"10.1007/s11249-024-01882-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11249-024-01882-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>PA66 is a commonly used material for plastic gears due to its excellent high-temperature resistance, high strength, self-lubrication, and friction resistance. In this study, the effect of different humidity levels on the tribological properties of PA66 materials in self-mated contacts are investigated using a pin-on-disk test rig. The results show that the friction coefficient and wear rate of the PA66-PA66 sliding combination increase drastically after humidity treatment mainly due to the surface plasticization caused by water absorption and the decrease of cohesive strength and glass transition temperature. Moreover, the limiting PV value of PA66 materials decreased significantly after moisture absorption, and when the actual PV value exceeds this reduced material limit, the degree of friction and wear increases drastically. The wear mechanism of the PA66-PA66 sliding combination is mainly adhesive wear without humidity treatment. The wear mechanism is adhesive wear combined with abrasive wear after humidity treatment (50%, 70%, 90%, immersion in water) and abrasive wear is most significant at 50% humidity. Abrasive wear decreases with the increase of the moisture content, while adhesive wear increases.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":806,"journal":{"name":"Tribology Letters","volume":"72 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141513688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Wear in Progress: How Third Body Flow Controls Surface Damage","authors":"Olivier Bouillanne, Guilhem Mollon, Aurélien Saulot, Sylvie Descartes, Nathalie Serres, Guillaume Chassaing, Karim Demmou","doi":"10.1007/s11249-024-01875-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11249-024-01875-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mechanical contacts in dry conditions are often characterized by an interfacial layer called “third body”, which generally originates from the degradations of the surfaces, but which can exhibit strongly different material properties. This layer is a direct consequence of past wear, but also exerts a control on the rate at which surfaces in contact will keep getting worn. A comprehensive understanding of mechanical contacts therefore relies on a theory describing the interplay between this sheared layer and the moving surfaces which confine it. In this paper, we make a step towards such a theory by quantitatively investigating the link between the flow regime of the third body and the mechanical loading it applies to the surfaces. For that purpose, a previously developed local model of solid flow based on the Multibody Meshfree Approach is employed, in order to simulate characteristic flow regimes identified in experiments. Typical stress concentration patterns endured by the surfaces are then described and quantified, and a simple damage model is used to demonstrate how such a model could lead to wear prediction. We demonstrate that agglomerated flow regimes are prone to enhance large and deep damaging of surfaces, while granular third body flows have a more limited and shallow damaging effect.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":806,"journal":{"name":"Tribology Letters","volume":"72 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141513690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tribological Investigation of Chemically Modified Polytetrafluoroethylene Coating for Hydrogen Valve Application","authors":"Danavath Balu, Piyush Chandra Verma, Suresh Kumar Reddy Narala, R. Sujith, Prabakaran Saravanan","doi":"10.1007/s11249-024-01869-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11249-024-01869-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) can cause catastrophic failure of stainless steel valve and related components in hydrogen refueling stations (HRSs), reducing reliability, safety and increasing the cost. Here, in this study, the ability of chemically modified polytetrafluoroethylene (CM-PTFE) coatings on steel substrates in reducing the HE susceptibility and, the friction and wear of valve parts, are explored due to its low hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) permeability and excellent solid lubrication. The solid lubrication properties of CM-PTFE-coated steel samples were investigated before and after H<sub>2</sub> charging at a pressure of 7 × 10<sup>5</sup> Pascals. After H<sub>2</sub> charging, the samples were subjected to CHNS and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis to quantify the percentage of H<sub>2</sub> absorption and its effect on crystallinity of the samples, respectively, and interesting insights were obtained from both CHNS and XRD analysis. Furthermore, the effect of H<sub>2</sub> charging on uncoated steel discs and CM-PTFE-coated discs were thoroughly investigated by hardness measurements, tribological characterization, wear behavior analysis of discs and pins and chemical elemental mapping. All test results are harmoniously suggesting that the H<sub>2</sub> charging indeed softened the material significantly. The developed double function CM-PTFE coatings can minimize H<sub>2</sub> permeability and also reduce friction, and wear of the components in HRSs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":806,"journal":{"name":"Tribology Letters","volume":"72 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141549553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Temperature Dependence of Viscoelasticity of Lubricating Oil with Adsorptive Polymer Additives Sheared in Nanogaps","authors":"Takumi Nozue, Shintaro Itoh, Naoya Okubo, Kenji Fukuzawa, Hedong Zhang, Naoki Azuma","doi":"10.1007/s11249-024-01884-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11249-024-01884-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Adsorptive polymer additives have been reported to improve the retention capacity of oil films under hydrodynamic lubrication and to reduce friction under boundary lubrication. These effects are believed to result from the formation of a polymer adsorption film on the surface that acts as a lubricious coating. Polymer adsorption films have become dominant in nanometer-order microscopic gaps. However, their mechanical properties are difficult to quantify. This hinders the development of polymer additives. In our previous study, we successfully measured the shear viscoelasticity of lubricants (base oils) sheared in nanogaps using an originally developed measurement method called the fiber wobbling method (FWM). In this study, we measured the shear viscoelasticity of polymer-added lubricants in nanogaps by using FWM. In addition, we developed a heating stage in the FWM to quantify the temperature dependence of shear viscoelasticity in nanogaps. As a result, the viscosity index improved and elasticity was observed in the nanogap, where the polymer adsorption film was dominant. Furthermore, our results indicated that the elasticity of the adsorbed polymer film originated from entropic elasticity.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":806,"journal":{"name":"Tribology Letters","volume":"72 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11249-024-01884-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141513691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preparation and Tribological Behavior of Silica Nano-Additives with Good Applicability for Both Polar and Non-Polar Base Oils","authors":"Jiajia Yao, Shuguang Fan, Ningning Song, Chuanping Gao, Shengmao Zhang, Yujuan Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11249-024-01883-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11249-024-01883-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dodecenylsuccinic anhydride was used as a surface modifier to further modify amino-functionalized silica nanoparticles, and the modified nanoparticles (RNS-1A-DDSA) showed good dispersion stability in both nonpolar PAO6 and polar DIOS base oils. The tribological properties of RNS-1A-DDSA were evaluated using an oscillating reciprocal friction and wear tester (SRV-5), and it was found to exhibit excellent tribological properties in both base oils with different polarities. EDS and SEM were used to characterize the wear surfaces, and combined with the results of AFM and QCM adsorption experiments, the reason for the applicability of RNS-1A-DDSA in both polar and non-polar base oils was deduced.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":806,"journal":{"name":"Tribology Letters","volume":"72 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141549650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}