Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain)最新文献_第9页

Phillip Vallentine Tobias. 14 October 1925—7 June 2012 菲利普·瓦伦廷·托比亚斯。1920年10月14日至2012年6月

Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain) Pub Date : 2022-03-16 DOI: 10.1098/rsbm.2021.0041

J. McKee

引用次数: 1

David James Thouless. 21 September 1934—6 April 2019 David James Thouless。1934年9月21日至2019年4月6日

Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain) Pub Date : 2022-03-02 DOI: 10.1098/rsbm.2021.0049

A. Leggett

引用次数: 0

Dame Louise Napier Johnson. 26 September 1940—25 September 2012 Louise Napier Johnson女士。1940年9月26日至2012年9月25日

Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain) Pub Date : 2022-03-02 DOI: 10.1098/rsbm.2021.0038

David Barford, Thomas L. Blundell

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Quentin Bone. 17 August 1931—6 July 2021 昆汀·伯恩1931年8月17日- 2021年7月6日

Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain) Pub Date : 2022-03-02 DOI: 10.1098/rsbm.2021.0042

G. Mackie

{"title":"Quentin Bone. 17 August 1931—6 July 2021","authors":"G. Mackie","doi":"10.1098/rsbm.2021.0042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2021.0042","url":null,"abstract":"Quentin Bone came from a family of well-known artists but, although he shared their talents, he chose to become a scientist because of his interest in natural history. After graduating in zoology from Oxford, he joined the scientific staff of the Marine Biological Association Laboratory at Plymouth, working there until retirement in 1991 and continuing thereafter as an emeritus research fellow. He was interested in all aspects of how fish swim, the structure and innervation of their swimming muscles, their metabolism, flotation and hydrodynamics. He showed that fishes have two distinct, independently innervated locomotory systems, red muscle for cruising and white muscle for rapid swimming bursts, and that the white muscle works on the basis of glycolytic metabolism, the red on oxidative. Later he showed that squids have convergently evolved two sorts of muscle fibre roughly equivalent to those of fishes. Bone took a comparative and evolutionary approach in all his work, looking for changes in design from simple to more complex systems and going right back to amphioxus, a putative ancestor of fishes. He also worked extensively on pelagic marine invertebrates that swim by jet propulsion—such as salps, doliolids and siphonophores—using optical and electron microscopy combined with electrophysiology to establish the neuromuscular basis of locomotion. In one such study he showed how salp chains, though lacking nervous connections between individual zooids, can swim in a coordinated manner using excitable epithelia. In another, using intracellular recordings and whole cell voltage clamp techniques, he was able to link changes in a siphonophore's swimming directly to changes in ion channel kinetics. While Bone's early studies on fish swimming established him as a leader in one important field, his later work on the behavioural physiology of a wide variety of pelagic marine invertebrates adds up to an equally outstanding body of work.","PeriodicalId":80666,"journal":{"name":"Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43730386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lord Wolfson of Marylebone. 11 November 1927—20 May 2010 玛丽波恩的沃尔夫森勋爵，1927年11月11日- 2010年5月20日

Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain) Pub Date : 2022-02-09 DOI: 10.1098/rsbm.2021.0035

P. Ramsbottom

引用次数: 0

Sir Arnold Whittaker Wolfendale. 25 June 1927—21 December 2020 阿诺德·惠特克·沃尔芬代尔爵士，1927年6月25日至2020年12月21日

Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain) Pub Date : 2021-12-22 DOI: 10.1098/rsbm.2021.0028

R. Ellis, A. Watson

{"title":"Sir Arnold Whittaker Wolfendale. 25 June 1927—21 December 2020","authors":"R. Ellis, A. Watson","doi":"10.1098/rsbm.2021.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2021.0028","url":null,"abstract":"For over 50 years Arnold Wolfendale was an international leader in the fields of cosmic ray and gamma ray astronomy, making many seminal contributions. His extensive studies of the muon particle culminated in 1965 when, using an installation in the Kolar Gold Mine in India, he played a major role in the first detection of the neutrinos associated with muons produced in the atmosphere. His interests in the origin of high-energy cosmic rays were extensive and required the development of a better understanding of particle physics at energies beyond those accessible at accelerators. Recognizing that high-energy gamma rays can arise from cosmic ray interactions with the interstellar gas, he used early satellite data to argue for the galactic origin of intermediate-energy cosmic rays and for studies of the distribution of molecular hydrogen. His interests in astronomy, which he firmly held to be a branch of physics, drove him to develop a world-class activity in this area at Durham University. This achievement, in part, led to him being appointed Astronomer Royal in 1991. He used this position, and his roles as president of the Royal Astronomical Society, the Institute of Physics and the European Physical Society, to lobby tirelessly for more governmental support for science. He was an early advocate for improvements in the public understanding of science, leading by example. In his later years Arnold's interests extended to cosmology and horology, and he argued against a possible connection between cosmic rays and global warming. A brilliant communicator, Arnold gave a huge number of lectures each year to general audiences, almost to the end of his life.","PeriodicalId":80666,"journal":{"name":"Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44085832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Robert Mcneill Alexander. 7 July 1934—21 March 2016 罗伯特·麦克尼尔·亚历山大，1934年7月7日- 2016年3月21日

Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain) Pub Date : 2021-12-22 DOI: 10.1098/rsbm.2021.0030

Gordon Alexander

{"title":"Robert Mcneill Alexander. 7 July 1934—21 March 2016","authors":"Gordon Alexander","doi":"10.1098/rsbm.2021.0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2021.0030","url":null,"abstract":"Neill Alexander graduated in natural sciences at the University of Cambridge in 1955. After a PhD at Cambridge and a lecturership at the University College of North Wales in Bangor, he was appointed to the chair of the Department of Pure and Applied Zoology at the University of Leeds in 1969. At that stage, he switched his research interests abruptly from fishes to the mechanics of legged locomotion. He conducted experiments with a variety of mammals, calculating forces, stresses and strains in muscle fibres, bones and tendons. His speciality became the application of mathematical models to animal locomotion, including repurposing the Froude number, devised by the Victorian engineer William Froude (FRS 1870) for use with ships, to estimate the speed of dinosaurs based on the spacing of their fossil footprints. Subsequent work included modelling the optimization of mammal performance and the minimization of energy costs. In 1992, following an announcement that London Zoo would have to close as a result of shortage of funds, Neill was appointed secretary of the Zoological Society of London. During the period of his secretaryship, the Society's finances recovered, with both its zoos (London and Whipsnade) breaking even in 1993 and the Society returning a surplus in each subsequent year. Neill was awarded the CBE in 2000. The National Portrait Gallery holds his portrait by John Arnison.","PeriodicalId":80666,"journal":{"name":"Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46795499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

John Horton Conway. 26 December 1937—11 April 2020 约翰·霍顿·康威，1937年12月26日- 2020年4月11日

Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain) Pub Date : 2021-12-22 DOI: 10.1098/rsbm.2021.0034

Robert Turner Curtis

引用次数: 0

Alan Herbert Cowley. 29 January 1934—2 August 2020 艾伦·赫伯特·考利。1934年1月29日至2020年8月2日

Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain) Pub Date : 2021-12-08 DOI: 10.1098/rsbm.2021.0027

Richard A. Jones, R. Kemp, J. Lasch, M. Lattman, N. C. Norman

{"title":"Alan Herbert Cowley. 29 January 1934—2 August 2020","authors":"Richard A. Jones, R. Kemp, J. Lasch, M. Lattman, N. C. Norman","doi":"10.1098/rsbm.2021.0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2021.0027","url":null,"abstract":"Alan Cowley was one of the most creative main group chemists of his generation, and had a central role in what was often described as the renaissance of main group chemistry. Throughout his career Alan always had an eye for what was new. In his early years as an independent researcher, Alan made many fundamental contributions to the chemistry of phosphorus, not only in terms of the synthesis of new compounds but also in their study by employing novel analytical and computational methods. Starting in the 1980s he was at the forefront of emerging research into low-coordinate phosphorus chemistry and made seminal contributions in the areas of multiply bonded species, such as phosphenium ions and diphosphenes, as well as in the transition metal coordination chemistry of phosphinidenes. In the second half of his career, Alan also turned his attention to the study of single source precursors for important solid-state electronic materials, many of which were far superior to known examples. In all of the many areas in which Alan worked, he was a great collaborator with colleagues and researchers across the world, both in chemistry and in other disciplines. This was made all the easier by Alan's charm and easy-going nature, which was also manifest in the interactions he had with his many group members over a period of almost half a century. Alan was a gentleman in every sense and is much missed by friends, colleagues, collaborators and family.","PeriodicalId":80666,"journal":{"name":"Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44800582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Graham Wood. 6 February 1934—4 November 2016 格雷厄姆·伍德1934年2月6日- 2016年11月4日

Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain) Pub Date : 2021-12-08 DOI: 10.1098/rsbm.2021.0025

S. Lyon

{"title":"Graham Wood. 6 February 1934—4 November 2016","authors":"S. Lyon","doi":"10.1098/rsbm.2021.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2021.0025","url":null,"abstract":"Graham Wood was a world-leading corrosion scientist who bridged both the aqueous (electrochemical) corrosion and high-temperature oxidation branches of the subject. His analytical predictions of depletion and enrichment profiles in substrate and scale during preferential oxidation have long been confirmed in practice. He also demonstrated that transient oxides can be vital solid lubricants in oxidative friction and wear processes. He elucidated ionic transport in amorphous anodic films, leading to precise models of pore initiation, development and closure, thus allowing the strict design of anodic films for practical application. He set up, and headed, the Corrosion and Protection Centre at the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST) and was instrumental in initiating the Corrosion and Protection Centre Industrial Service, which, respectively, became the world's largest academic centre on the study of materials degradation and the world's largest corrosion consulting organization. While keeping active in research, he held increasingly senior administrative roles, where he established a specialist graduate school and helped prepare UMIST to full independence from the Victoria University of Manchester.","PeriodicalId":80666,"journal":{"name":"Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47922558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1