Trees最新文献

{"title":"The above- and below-ground root-to-shoot ratio in urban trees – a ground penetrating radar assessment","authors":"Vinicius Rafael Neris dos Santos,&nbsp;Giuliano Maselli Locosselli,&nbsp;Fellipe Henrique Martins Moutinho,&nbsp;Hermes Eduardo Nichele,&nbsp;Marcos Silveira Buckeridge,&nbsp;Aline Andreia Cavalari","doi":"10.1007/s00468-026-02812-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-026-02812-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Urban trees are renowned for providing fundamental ecosystem services that stem from their proper development in cities. However, the urban environment poses significant challenges for trees, including impairments from the above- and below-ground grey infrastructure. Important steps have been taken in understanding the conflicts between trees and the above-ground infrastructure but assessing the root systems has lagged behind. New technologies like ground penetrating radar (GPR) have opened new avenues to assess the root system of trees. In this study we probe the impact of curbs and pavement on the development of the root system of 30 <i>Cenostigma pluviosum</i> trees growing along sidewalks, a parking lot, and a green area. Based on the GPR data, we estimated the minimum and maximum depths of root occurrence, maximum diameters, and root volume distribution. The results point to a 54% higher root volume in the green area’s trees compared to sidewalks and the parking lot, in addition to an even distribution of the root system around the tree. The ratio between root volume and investigated soil volume increases as trees grow bigger in the park, following a proportion that likely guarantees tree stability. This positive association collapses in the street and parking lot trees, where the pavement, curb, and underground infrastructure constrain the development of roots as trees grow bigger. Thus, trees do not maintain the root-to-shoot proportion putting at risk the stability of trees and their services in the cities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00468-026-02812-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148987060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contrasting phellem patterns associated with phellogen longevity in Quercus suber and Quercus rotundifolia (Fagaceae)","authors":"Davide Botticelli,&nbsp;Carlos Vila-Viçosa,&nbsp;Ana Campilho","doi":"10.1007/s00468-026-02832-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-026-02832-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>\u0000 <i>Key Message</i>\u0000 </h3><p><b>Maintaining a persistent phellogen (no rhytidome) may be associated with radial anticlinal cell division rates that increase with branch diameter, whereas the opposite trend is observed when the phellogen is instead replaced and a rhytidome develops. </b></p><h3>Abstract</h3><p><i>Quercus suber</i> L. (cork oak) maintains its first phellogen (cork cambium) active throughout the life of the tree, unlike <i>Quercus rotundifolia</i> Lam. (round-leaved oak) and many other tree species, in which the first phellogen is eventually replaced and a rhytidome develops. Because periderm ontogeny provides a spatial record of past cell division activity, we developed a quantitative image analysis workflow to compare phellem cell patterning in young branches of both species as an anatomical proxy for radial anticlinal cell division frequency in the phellogen. Sample-level analysis of <i>Q. suber</i> and <i>Q. rotundifolia</i> branches showed that the relationship between branch diameter and the frequency of radial anticlinal cell divisions inferred from phellem row counts (Div/10c) differed markedly between species (species × diameter correlation): Div/10c increased with diameter in <i>Q. suber</i> but did not in <i>Q. rotundifolia</i>, with the clearest divergence in branches ≥ 7 mm diameter. <i>Q. suber</i> branches also showed higher phellem cell density in this size class. These findings represent early anatomical evidence for different phellem organisations in the two Quercus species, that may later result in their contrasting periderm developmental strategies. </p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00468-026-02832-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148986288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth release vs. soil stress: assessing the dual impacts of logging on oriental beech in the Hyrcanian forests","authors":"Farnaz Emadi,&nbsp;Meghdad Jourgholami,&nbsp;Jahangir Feghhi,&nbsp;Alireza Nikoutadbir,&nbsp;Kambiz Pourtahmasi,&nbsp;Eric R. Labelle,&nbsp;Reza Oladi","doi":"10.1007/s00468-026-02831-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-026-02831-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>\u0000 <i>Key message</i>\u0000 </h3><p><b>Logging boosted Oriental beech growth by easing competition, but decoupled growth from soil conditions and increased sensitivity to winter temperature over summer precipitation.</b></p><h3>Abstract</h3><p>Forest ecosystems are shaped by complex interactions among soil properties, tree growth, and management practices. This study examines the long-term impact of forest harvesting on the radial growth and climatic sensitivity of Oriental beech (<i>Fagus orientalis</i>) in Iran’s Hyrcanian forests. We compared tree-ring width chronologies and soil properties between harvested and undisturbed sites over a 60-year period (1962–2021). Tree cores from 35 mature beech trees and soil samples were analyzed for bulk density, moisture content, porosity, and litter depth. While bulk density and porosity were similar, harvested sites had significantly reduced litter depth and slightly higher moisture. Trees in undisturbed sites showed a gradual decline in growth, whereas those in harvested sites exhibited a growth release after 1984, surpassing the undisturbed trees post-2004. In undisturbed stands, tree growth was more strongly associated with soil moisture and porosity, while these relationships were decoupled in harvested areas, likely due to canopy opening and reduced competition. Litter depth contributed as a significant predictor only in multivariate models. Climate-growth analysis showed greater sensitivity to summer precipitation in undisturbed trees, while trees in harvested sites were more negatively affected by winter temperatures. These findings suggest that harvesting may enhance growth but also alter climate responses and soil dynamics, underscoring the need for low-impact forestry tailored to site conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148986375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photosynthetic performance and growth vary among populations of Myrsine coriacea under contrasting climatic scenarios","authors":"Bárbara O. Ramaldes,&nbsp;Vinicius F. Moreira,&nbsp;João V. Toledo,&nbsp;Tatiana T. Carrijo,&nbsp;Mário L. Garbin,&nbsp;Renan K. Hollunder,&nbsp;José E. M. Pezzopane,&nbsp;Paulo C. Cavatte","doi":"10.1007/s00468-026-02824-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-026-02824-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>\u0000 <i>Key message</i>\u0000 </h3><p><b>A warm, high-VPD climatic scenario revealed population-level differences in ecophysiological responses in </b><b><i>Myrsine coriacea</i></b><b>, highlighting contrasting responses to changing climatic conditions.</b></p><h3>Abstract</h3><p>Temperature and atmospheric evaporative demand are key drivers of tree performance, while phenotypic plasticity and population-level differentiation shape responses to environmental variation. In tropical montane ecosystems, understanding how populations can physiologically respond to variation in temperature and atmospheric evaporative demand is essential for predicting forest responses to climate change. We investigated the responses of <i>Myrsine coriacea</i> populations along an elevational gradient in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest under contrasting climatic scenarios. Seedlings from seven populations (639–1774 m a.s.l.) were grown in a common garden experiment under Cold-Dry and Warm-Humid scenarios. We evaluated growth, gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, and biochemical traits to assess variation in physiological responses among populations. Low- and mid-elevation populations maintained growth under the warmer, higher-VPD scenario, whereas the highest-elevation population showed increased mortality. Although photosynthetic capacity increased under the warmer scenario, respiratory costs and light compensation points also increased, indicating patterns consistent with reduced net carbon gain. In the highest-elevation population, increased intercellular CO₂ concentration together with reduced quantum efficiency suggested that constraints on carbon assimilation were unlikely to arise solely from CO₂ diffusion. These results demonstrate that phenotypic shifts under the warmer climatic scenario do not necessarily translate into functional resilience. The highest-elevation population exhibited coordinated morphological and physiological adjustments, but these responses were not accompanied by improved growth or survival, suggesting limited acclimation under the warmer, higher-VPD scenario. Together, these findings highlight how population-level differentiation influences photosynthetic performance, growth, and acclimation under contrasting climatic scenarios, emphasizing the importance of intraspecific variation when predicting tropical forest responses to climate change.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00468-026-02824-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148985438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Site- and species-specific climate response of conifer tree growth in middle taiga of Central Siberia","authors":"Alexander V. Kirdyanov,&nbsp;Alberto Arzac,&nbsp;Vladimir V. Matskovsky,&nbsp;Dmitry V. Ovchinnikov,&nbsp;Anatoly S. Prokushkin","doi":"10.1007/s00468-026-02827-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-026-02827-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Current warming leads to sufficient shifts in boreal forest, and tree-ring based approaches provide a unique tool for assessing the changes. However, middle taiga forest ecosystems in Central Siberia have rarely been investigated dendrochronologically. Here, we analyze tree radial growth variability and climatic response of Scots pine (<i>Pinus sylvestris</i> L.) and Siberian larch (<i>Larix sibirica</i> Ledeb.) from sites with different water availability within the sporadic permafrost zone in Central Siberia. Our aim is to understand how tree growth of the two conifer species responds to changing climate depending on their water use strategies and local conditions. Despite high correlation between Siberian larch tree-ring width (TRW) index chronologies (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.000001), tree growth shows site-specific climatic response, with precipitation signal dominating at drier sites on automorphic soils, while summer temperature significantly influencing larch growth at wetter sites on hydromorphic soils with a shallow active layer. Under the increasing summer temperature and stable precipitation, Siberian larch at the drier sites has started to experience water shortage since the late 1970s. Scots pine TRW shows low coherence with Siberian larch TRW and demonstrates species-specific positive response to pre-season monthly temperatures. The results indicate the importance of different water use strategies of the two species in mixed forests that support the forest ecosystem stability and productivity under changing climate. Our study emphasizes the necessity of tree-ring research in dendrochronologically poorly studied regions to understand the effect of warming on tree stand productivity in diverse boreal forests.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148986291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevation-dependent and species-specific tree growth responses and resilience to drought in the Qilian Mountains after an abrupt temperature shift","authors":"Rubin Qin,&nbsp;Liang Jiao,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Wang,&nbsp;Peng Zhang,&nbsp;Weiyin Shi,&nbsp;Xinrui Wang,&nbsp;Xuge Wang,&nbsp;Chenzhao Xiao","doi":"10.1007/s00468-026-02825-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-026-02825-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Global warming and intensifying atmospheric drought are altering temperature and moisture constraints in semiarid montane forests, yet the growth responses of different conifer species along elevational gradients remain unclear. This study compared the radial growth and climate responses of <i>Picea crassifolia</i> and <i>Juniperus przewalskii</i> in the Qilian Mountains before and after the abrupt temperature shift in 1986, as well as their growth resilience during atmospheric drought events characterized by high vapor pressure deficit (VPD). The results showed that (1) annual mean temperature increased by 0.37 °C after the shift. Growth trends remained significantly positive for both species at high elevations, but changed from a rapid increase to a significant decline for low-elevation <i>P. crassifolia</i> and from positive to negative for <i>J. przewalskii</i> at middle and low elevations; (2) temperature limitation on high-elevation <i>P. crassifolia</i> weakened, whereas the negative responses of low-elevation <i>P. crassifolia</i> to high growing-season temperatures and VPD strengthened; for <i>J. przewalskii</i>, the principal climatic response periods and the climatic factors with higher relative contributions changed between the pre- and post-shift periods; and (3) during high-VPD events, middle- and low-elevation <i>P. crassifolia</i> exhibited lower resistance but higher recovery than <i>J. przewalskii</i>. Continued warming and intensifying atmospheric drought may strengthen moisture constraints on conifer growth in the Qilian Mountains and accentuate elevational and species-specific differentiation in growth responses; the drought sensitivity and long-term growth dynamics of <i>P. crassifolia</i> therefore warrant particular attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria enhance adventitious rooting of mini-cuttings from Ilex paraguariensis clones","authors":"Krisle da Silva,&nbsp;Regina Caetano Quisen,&nbsp;Taciane Beatriz Ferreira,&nbsp;Julia Heduarda Giacomel Balbinotti,&nbsp;Gabriela Yumi Nomi,&nbsp;Ivar Wendling,&nbsp;Juliana Degenhardt-Goldbach","doi":"10.1007/s00468-026-02822-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-026-02822-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key Message</h3><p>Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria increase adventitious rooting in yerba mate mini-cuttings, particularly in low-rooting genotypes; these bacteria showed potential to improve clonal propagation efficiency.</p><h3> Abstract</h3><p>Yerba mate (<i>Ilex paraguariensis</i> A. St.-Hil.) is a forest species of great economic, social, and ecological importance in South America. However, clonal propagation via mini-cuttings remains limited due to low rooting rates. This study aimed to investigate the bacterial community associated with yerba mate clones and to identify plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) capable of inducing adventitious rooting in mini-cuttings. Bacterial isolates were obtained from clones with high rooting capacity and were characterized and identified through partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In parallel, the bacterial community associated with clones exhibiting contrasting rooting capacities was assessed. A total of 87 bacterial isolates were obtained, of which 15 were selected and belonged to different PGPR-associated genera. No significant differences in bacterial diversity were observed among clones, and the phyla Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota were the most abundant. Inoculation assays were conducted using bacteria isolated from yerba mate and from other species. Bacterial inoculation positively affected rooting rate and root dry mass. In the high-rooting clones, isolate ERR 1227 increased the rooting rate to 85%; however, this value was not significantly different from the 60% observed in the non-inoculated control. In the low-rooting clones, isolate CNPF 715 achieved a rooting rate of 35%, which was higher than the 18.3% observed in the non-inoculated control. Isolate CNPF 363 exhibited consistent results across both groups (71.7% high and 31.7% low-rooting clones). These findings demonstrate that selected rhizobacteria can enhance adventitious rooting, particularly in low-rooting genotypes, highlighting PGPR as a promising tool for improving yerba mate clonal propagation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00468-026-02822-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased growth instability underlying elevated nitrogen-driven growth enhancement in Larix gmelinli plantations of northeastern China","authors":"Ming-Yong Li,&nbsp;Tao Sun,&nbsp;Qiu-Yang Wang,&nbsp;Na Li,&nbsp;Hong-Guang Zhang,&nbsp;Guang-You Hao","doi":"10.1007/s00468-026-02826-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-026-02826-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nitrogen deposition, which is typically composed of various forms of nitrogen compounds, has become increasingly severe over recent decades, particularly in countries or regions with rapid economic growth, such as China. However, the long-term impacts of chronic nitrogen input on forest ecosystems and the potential differential effects between various nitrogen forms remain largely unclear. A 14-year (2010 to 2023) nitrogen addition experiment, involving three nitrogen treatments at the same total nitrogen application rate, i.e., inorganic (ammonium nitrate [NH₄NO₃]), organic (urea [CH₄N₂O] and glycine [C₂H₅NO₂]) and mixed inorganic-organic (NH₄NO₃, CH₄N₂O and C₂H₅NO₂) nitrogen fertilizers, was conducted on a <i>Larix gmelinii</i> plantation in northeastern China. Multiple tree-ring parameters (tree-ring width, earlywood width, and latewood width) were used to examine the long-term stem growth dynamics in response to these treatments. We found that separate additions of inorganic and organic nitrogen fertilizers had not stimulated <i>Larix gmelinii</i> stem growth in ten years but afterwards exerted increasing negative effects. In contrast, addition of mixed inorganic-organic nitrogen fertilizers enhanced obviously tree growth and the positive effects continued over the fertilization phase, which was especially pronounced in earlywood growth. However, the <i>Larix gmelinii</i> trees with elevated earlywood growth were susceptible to increased growth variability and decreased resilience to potential external disturbances, as indicated by obvious increases in both coefficient of variation and first-order autocorrelation coefficient of earlywood width with the mixed inorganic and organic nitrogen fertilization relative to the control. This study identified the varying effects on <i>Larix gmelinii</i> stem growth among different forms of nitrogen input and revealed an increase in growth instability underlying growth enhancement caused by elevated nitrogen.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endogenous and exogenous control of tree architectural and hydraulic traits of European beech growing in natural populations","authors":"Dominik Florian Stangler,&nbsp;Khira Deecke,&nbsp;Paul Melchior Schliephack,&nbsp;Katja Kröner,&nbsp;Julian Frey,&nbsp;Robert Linne,&nbsp;Ulrich Stanicki,&nbsp;Niklas Dengel,&nbsp;Altin Topalli,&nbsp;Greta Behne,&nbsp;Raphael Habel,&nbsp;Georg von Arx,&nbsp;Heike Liesebach,&nbsp;Thomas Seifert,&nbsp;Pascal Eusemann,&nbsp;Hans-Peter Kahle","doi":"10.1007/s00468-026-02808-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-026-02808-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key message</h3><p><b>Genetic components explain a moderate, yet statistically significant proportion of the phenotypic variation in tree architecture and hydraulic traits of beech trees growing in naturally regenerated monospecific stands.</b></p><h3>Abstract</h3><p>Drought tolerance of European beech has been increasingly questioned in recent years. However, the influence of genetic factors and forest management on growth performance and key hydraulic traits in naturally regenerated beech populations remains insufficiently understood. This study aims to quantify the relative contributions of endogenous and exogenous factors to tree architectural and hydraulic traits of ~ 100-year-old beech trees in monospecific stands growing on a cool-moist northeast (NE) and a warm-dry southwest (SW) aspect in the Swabian Alb, Southwest Germany. In 1999, three treatments (control, strong thinning, and very strong thinning) were applied to both aspects. Kinship analyses based on microsatellite markers assigned 722 trees to 126 half‑sibling families. Terrestrial laser scanning in spring 2023 enabled detailed phenotyping of tree architecture and the calculation of competition indices. Quantitative wood anatomy was used to characterize water conducting cells. Family effects on tree architecture were less pronounced compared to competition and aspect, yet remained the sole significant predictor for secondary branching and crown ratio. Wood anatomical traits were highly plastic and responded strongly to changes in environmental conditions. Contrary to previous assumptions, reduced competition did not decrease vessel size or increase hydraulic safety. Furthermore, vessel diameters were larger on the warm‑dry SW aspect when comparing trees of similar height and competition, challenging the assumption of a safety‑oriented hydraulic strategy under arid conditions. Families significantly influenced hydraulic traits, but most phenotypic variation occurred among individual trees nested within families, providing a potential mechanistic explanation for genotype‑related mortality patterns reported in earlier studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00468-026-02808-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148926845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial pollination as a tool to improve fruit set and yield in macaw palm (Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex Mart.)","authors":"Emiliano Henriques,&nbsp;Pauliana Aparecida da Silva,&nbsp;Evellyn Giselly de Oliveira Couto,&nbsp;Débora Monique Vitor,&nbsp;Leonardo Duarte Pimentel,&nbsp;Sérgio Yoshimitsu Motoike,&nbsp;Lucilene Silva de Oliveira,&nbsp;Diego Ismael Rocha","doi":"10.1007/s00468-026-02820-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-026-02820-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The low efficiency of natural pollination in the macauba palm limits the productive potential of the species. To address this constraint, we evaluated the effectiveness of artificial interventions applied to the inflorescence and pollination process as strategies to increase fruit set following characterization of inflorescence developmental stages. Inflorescences were monitored from their emergence until natural opening. Before natural opening, physical interventions were performed to promote floral exposure, and subsequent effects on fruit set were assessed. Artificial pollination was carried out on spathes subjected to forced opening (stage IV) and on naturally opened spathes, with fruit set and fruit biometric traits quantified thereafter. Following analysis of pollen viability at stages III, IV, and V, artificial pollination was performed using pollen from both immature (stage IV) and mature (stage V) inflorescences to assess their relative fertilization efficiency. Inflorescences displayed asynchronous phenological development, with variation detected among genotypes. The physical interventions did not influence fruit set. In contrast, artificial pollination markedly enhanced fruit set without altering fruit biometric parameters, with greater gains observed in forced-opening spathes (4.6-fold increase) compared with naturally opened spathes (3.2-fold increase). Pollen collected from inflorescences at stages IV (immature) and V (mature) exhibited high viability (&gt; 90%), and pollen from immature inflorescences performed comparably to that from mature inflorescences in promoting fertilization. The study underscores artificial pollination as a promising management strategy to enhance fruit production in this species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00468-026-02820-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148928018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}