Annual review of medicinePub Date : 2024-01-29Epub Date: 2023-11-20DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-100622-024848
Charles M Bark, W Henry Boom, Jennifer J Furin
{"title":"More Tailored Approaches to Tuberculosis Treatment and Prevention.","authors":"Charles M Bark, W Henry Boom, Jennifer J Furin","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-100622-024848","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-med-100622-024848","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent advances in the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) have led to improvements unprecedented in our lifetime. Decades of research in developing new drugs, especially for multidrug-resistant TB, have created not only multiple new antituberculous agents but also a new approach to development and treatment, with a focus on maximizing the benefit to the individual patient. Prevention of TB disease has also been improved and recognized as a critical component of global TB control. While the momentum is positive, it will take continued investment at all levels, especially training of new dedicated TB researchers and advocates around the world, to maintain this progress.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":" ","pages":"177-188"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138175418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen: Gateway to Management of Advanced Prostate Cancer.","authors":"Lena M Unterrainer, Jeremie Calais, Neil H Bander","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-081522-031439","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-med-081522-031439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) as a transmembrane protein is overexpressed by prostate cancer (PC) cells and is accessible for binding antibodies or low-molecular-weight radioligands due to its extracellular portion. Successful targeting of PSMA began with the development of humanized J591 antibody. Due to their faster clearance compared to antibodies, small-molecule radioligands for targeted imaging and therapy of PC have been favored in recent development efforts. PSMA positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has higher diagnostic performance than conventional imaging for initial staging of high-risk PC and biochemical recurrence detection/localization. However, it remains to be demonstrated how to integrate PSMA PET imaging for therapy response assessment and as an outcome endpoint measure in clinical trials. With the recent approval of <sup>177</sup>Lu-PSMA-617 by the US Food and Drug Administration for metastatic castration-resistant PC progressing after chemotherapy, the high value of PSMA-targeted therapy was confirmed. Compared to standard of care, PSMA-based radioligand therapy led to a better outcome and a higher quality of life. This review, focusing on the advanced PC setting, provides an overview of different approved and nonapproved PSMA-targeted imaging and therapeutic modalities and discusses the future of PSMA-targeted theranostics, also with an outlook on non-radiopharmaceutical-based PSMA-targeted therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":"75 ","pages":"49-66"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139575238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of medicinePub Date : 2024-01-29Epub Date: 2023-11-20DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-052422-020437
Mohan Babu, Ziv Lautman, Xiangping Lin, Milan H B Sobota, Michael P Snyder
{"title":"Wearable Devices: Implications for Precision Medicine and the Future of Health Care.","authors":"Mohan Babu, Ziv Lautman, Xiangping Lin, Milan H B Sobota, Michael P Snyder","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-052422-020437","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-med-052422-020437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wearable devices are integrated analytical units equipped with sensitive physical, chemical, and biological sensors capable of noninvasive and continuous monitoring of vital physiological parameters. Recent advances in disciplines including electronics, computation, and material science have resulted in affordable and highly sensitive wearable devices that are routinely used for tracking and managing health and well-being. Combined with longitudinal monitoring of physiological parameters, wearables are poised to transform the early detection, diagnosis, and treatment/management of a range of clinical conditions. Smartwatches are the most commonly used wearable devices and have already demonstrated valuable biomedical potential in detecting clinical conditions such as arrhythmias, Lyme disease, inflammation, and, more recently, COVID-19 infection. Despite significant clinical promise shown in research settings, there remain major hurdles in translating the medical uses of wearables to the clinic. There is a clear need for more effective collaboration among stakeholders, including users, data scientists, clinicians, payers, and governments, to improve device security, user privacy, data standardization, regulatory approval, and clinical validity. This review examines the potential of wearables to offer affordable and reliable measures of physiological status that are on par with FDA-approved specialized medical devices. We briefly examine studies where wearables proved critical for the early detection of acute and chronic clinical conditions with a particular focus on cardiovascular disease, viral infections, and mental health. Finally, we discuss current obstacles to the clinical implementation of wearables and provide perspectives on their potential to deliver increasingly personalized proactive health care across a wide variety of conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":" ","pages":"401-415"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138175419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of medicinePub Date : 2024-01-29Epub Date: 2023-08-25DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-051022-122257
Stephen W Duffy, Lucie de Jonge, Thomas E Duffy
{"title":"Effects on Cancer Prevention from the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Stephen W Duffy, Lucie de Jonge, Thomas E Duffy","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-051022-122257","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-med-051022-122257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic led to disruption of health services around the world, including cancer services. We carried out a narrative review of the effect of the pandemic on cancer prevention services, including screening. Services were severely affected in the early months of the pandemic, and in some areas are still recovering. Large numbers of additional cancers or additional late-stage cancers have been predicted to arise over the coming years as a result of this disruption. To minimize the effects on cancer outcomes, it is necessary to return as quickly as possible to prepandemic levels of screening and prevention activity or indeed to exceed these levels. The recovery of services should address health inequalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10072784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of medicinePub Date : 2024-01-29Epub Date: 2023-09-26DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-051322-122539
Nikhilesh R Mazumder, Robert J Fontana
{"title":"MELD 3.0 in Advanced Chronic Liver Disease.","authors":"Nikhilesh R Mazumder, Robert J Fontana","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-051322-122539","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-med-051322-122539","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The MELD (model for end-stage liver disease) 3.0 score was developed to replace the MELD-Na score that is currently used to prioritize liver allocation for cirrhotic patients awaiting liver transplantation in the United States. The MELD 3.0 calculator includes new inputs from patient sex and serum albumin levels and has new weights for serum sodium, bilirubin, international normalized ratio, and creatinine levels. It is expected that use of MELD 3.0 scores will reduce overall waitlist mortality modestly and improve access for female liver transplant candidates. The utility of MELD 3.0 and PELD<sub>cre</sub> (pediatric end-stage liver disease, creatinine) scores for risk stratification in cirrhotic patients undergoing major abdominal surgery, placement of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, and other interventions requires further study. This article reviews the background of the MELD score and the rationale to create MELD 3.0 as well as potential implications of using this newer risk stratification tool in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":" ","pages":"233-245"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41098571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of medicinePub Date : 2024-01-29Epub Date: 2023-10-12DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-050922-060929
Yaron B Gesthalter, Colleen L Channick
{"title":"Interventional Pulmonology: Extending the Breadth of Thoracic Care.","authors":"Yaron B Gesthalter, Colleen L Channick","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-050922-060929","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-med-050922-060929","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interventional pulmonary medicine has developed as a subspecialty focused on the management of patients with complex thoracic disease. Leveraging minimally invasive techniques, interventional pulmonologists diagnose and treat pathologies that previously required more invasive options such as surgery. By mitigating procedural risk, interventional pulmonologists have extended the reach of care to a wider pool of vulnerable patients who require therapy. Endoscopic innovations, including endobronchial ultrasound and robotic and electromagnetic bronchoscopy, have enhanced the ability to perform diagnostic procedures on an ambulatory basis. Therapeutic procedures for patients with symptomatic airway disease, pleural disease, and severe emphysema have provided the ability to palliate symptoms. The combination of medical and procedural expertise has made interventional pulmonologists an integral part of comprehensive care teams for patients with oncologic, airway, and pleural needs. This review surveys key areas in which interventional pulmonologists have impacted the care of thoracic disease through bronchoscopic intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":" ","pages":"263-276"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41189359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of medicinePub Date : 2024-01-29Epub Date: 2023-08-15DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-052422-020627
Mark Chandy, Masataka Nishiga, Tzu-Tang Wei, Naomi M Hamburg, Kari Nadeau, Joseph C Wu
{"title":"Adverse Impact of Cannabis on Human Health.","authors":"Mark Chandy, Masataka Nishiga, Tzu-Tang Wei, Naomi M Hamburg, Kari Nadeau, Joseph C Wu","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-052422-020627","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-med-052422-020627","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cannabis, the most commonly used recreational drug, is illicit in many areas of the world. With increasing decriminalization and legalization, cannabis use is increasing in the United States and other countries. The adverse effects of cannabis are unclear because its status as a Schedule 1 drug in the United States restricts research. Despite a paucity of data, cannabis is commonly perceived as a benign or even beneficial drug. However, recent studies show that cannabis has adverse cardiovascular and pulmonary effects and is linked with malignancy. Moreover, case reports have shown an association between cannabis use and neuropsychiatric disorders. With growing availability, cannabis misuse by minors has led to increasing incidences of overdose and toxicity. Though difficult to detect, cannabis intoxication may be linked to impaired driving and motor vehicle accidents. Overall, cannabis use is on the rise, and adverse effects are becoming apparent in clinical data sets.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":" ","pages":"353-367"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10947506/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10061076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of medicinePub Date : 2024-01-29Epub Date: 2023-09-05DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-042921-102405
Takashi Miwa, Sayaka Sato, Madhu Golla, Wen-Chao Song
{"title":"Expansion of Anticomplement Therapy Indications from Rare Genetic Disorders to Common Kidney Diseases.","authors":"Takashi Miwa, Sayaka Sato, Madhu Golla, Wen-Chao Song","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-042921-102405","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-med-042921-102405","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Complement constitutes a major part of the innate immune system. The study of complement in human health has historically focused on infection risks associated with complement protein deficiencies; however, recent interest in the field has focused on overactivation of complement as a cause of immune injury and the development of anticomplement therapies to treat human diseases. The kidneys are particularly sensitive to complement injury, and anticomplement therapies for several kidney diseases have been investigated. Overactivation of complement can result from loss-of-function mutations in complement regulators; gain-of-function mutations in key complement proteins such as C3 and factor B; or autoantibody production, infection, or tissue stresses, such as ischemia and reperfusion, that perturb the balance of complement activation and regulation. Here, we provide a high-level review of the status of anticomplement therapies, with an emphasis on the transition from rare diseases to more common kidney diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":" ","pages":"189-204"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10162025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of medicinePub Date : 2024-01-29Epub Date: 2023-10-03DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-052422-020535
Ramone Eldemire, Luisa Mestroni, Matthew R G Taylor
{"title":"Genetics of Dilated Cardiomyopathy.","authors":"Ramone Eldemire, Luisa Mestroni, Matthew R G Taylor","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-052422-020535","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-med-052422-020535","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is defined as dilation and/or reduced function of one or both ventricles and remains a common disease worldwide. An estimated 40% of cases of familial DCM have an identifiable genetic cause. Accordingly, there is a fast-growing interest in the field of molecular genetics as it pertains to DCM. Many gene mutations have been identified that contribute to phenotypically significant cardiomyopathy. DCM genes can affect a variety of cardiomyocyte functions, and particular genes whose function affects the cell-cell junction and cytoskeleton are associated with increased risk of arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Through advancements in next-generation sequencing and cardiac imaging, identification of genetic DCM has improved over the past couple decades, and precision medicine is now at the forefront of treatment for these patients and their families. In addition to standard treatment of heart failure and prevention of arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death, patients with genetic cardiomyopathy stand to benefit from gene mechanism-specific therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":" ","pages":"417-426"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10842880/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41107221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of medicinePub Date : 2024-01-29Epub Date: 2023-10-12DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-060622-101239
Matthew Moll, Edwin K Silverman
{"title":"Precision Approaches to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Management.","authors":"Matthew Moll, Edwin K Silverman","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-060622-101239","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-med-060622-101239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. COPD heterogeneity has hampered progress in developing pharmacotherapies that affect disease progression. This issue can be addressed by precision medicine approaches, which focus on understanding an individual's disease risk, and tailoring management based on pathobiology, environmental exposures, and psychosocial issues. There is an urgent need to identify COPD patients at high risk for poor outcomes and to understand at a mechanistic level why certain individuals are at high risk. Genetics, omics, and network analytic techniques have started to dissect COPD heterogeneity and identify patients with specific pathobiology. Drug repurposing approaches based on biomarkers of specific inflammatory processes (i.e., type 2 inflammation) are promising. As larger data sets, additional omics, and new analytical approaches become available, there will be enormous opportunities to identify high-risk individuals and treat COPD patients based on their specific pathophysiological derangements. These approaches show great promise for risk stratification, early intervention, drug repurposing, and developing novel therapeutic approaches for COPD.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":" ","pages":"247-262"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41189361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}