{"title":"Energy Conversion by Phase Transformation in the Small-Temperature-Difference Regime","authors":"A. Bucsek, William T. Nunn, B. Jalan, R. James","doi":"10.1146/annurev-matsci-082019-021824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-matsci-082019-021824","url":null,"abstract":"The discovery of alternative methods of producing electrical energy that avoid the generation of greenhouse gases and do not contribute to global warming is a compelling problem of our time. Ubiquitous, but often highly distributed, sources of energy on earth exist in the small-temperature-difference regime, 10–250°C. In this review, we discuss a family of methods that can potentially recover this energy based on the use of first-order phase transformations in crystalline materials combined with ferromagnetism or ferroelectricity. The development of this technology will require a better understanding of these phase transformations, especially ferroelectric/ferromagnetic properties, hysteresis, and reversibility, as well as strategies for discovering improved materials.","PeriodicalId":8055,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Materials Research","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83356170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spontaneous Ordering of Oxide-Oxide Epitaxial Vertically Aligned Nanocomposite Thin Films","authors":"Xing Sun, J. MacManus‐Driscoll, Haiyan Wang","doi":"10.1146/annurev-matsci-091719-112806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-matsci-091719-112806","url":null,"abstract":"The emerging field of self-assembled vertically aligned nanocomposite (VAN) thin films effectively enables strain, interface, and microstructure engineering as well as (multi)functional improvements in electric, magnetic, optical, and energy-related properties. Well-ordered or patterned microstructures not only empower VAN thin films with many new functionalities but also enable VAN thin films to be used in nanoscale devices. Comparative ordered devices formed via templating methods suffer from critical drawbacks of processing complexity and potential contamination. Therefore, VAN thin films with spontaneous ordering stand out and display many appealing features for next-generation technological devices, such as electronics, optoelectronics, ultrahigh-density memory systems, photonics, and 3D microbatteries. The spontaneous ordering described in this review contains ordered/patterned structures in both in-plane and out-of-plane directions. In particular, approaches to obtaining spontaneously ordered/patterned structures in-plane are systematically reviewedfrom both thermodynamic and kinetic perspectives. Out-of-plane ordering is also discussed in detail. In addition to reviewing the progress of VAN films with spontaneous ordering, this article also highlights some recent developments in spontaneous ordering approaches and proposes future directions.","PeriodicalId":8055,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Materials Research","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86785008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hybrid Thermoelectrics","authors":"Jia Liang, Shujia Yin, Chunlei Wan","doi":"10.1146/annurev-matsci-082319-111001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-matsci-082319-111001","url":null,"abstract":"Constructing hybrid composites with organic and inorganic materials at different length scales provides unconventional opportunities in the field of thermoelectric materials, which are classified as hybrid crystal, superlattice, and nanocomposite. A variety of new techniques have been proposed to fabricate hybrid thermoelectric materials with homogeneous microstructures and intimate interfaces, which are critical for good thermoelectric performance. The combination of organic and inorganic materials at the nano or atomic scale can cause strong perturbation in the structural, electron, and phonon characteristics, providing new mechanisms to decouple electrical and thermal transport properties that are not attainable in the pure organic or inorganic counterparts. Because of their increasing thermoelectric performance, compositional diversity, mechanical flexibility, and ease of fabrication, hybrid materials have become the most promising candidates for flexible energy harvesting and solid-state cooling.","PeriodicalId":8055,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Materials Research","volume":"389 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83469915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chaofan Zhang, Yiwei Li, D. Pei, Zhongkai Liu, Yulin Chen
{"title":"Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Study of Topological Quantum Materials","authors":"Chaofan Zhang, Yiwei Li, D. Pei, Zhongkai Liu, Yulin Chen","doi":"10.1146/annurev-matsci-070218-121852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-matsci-070218-121852","url":null,"abstract":"The recently discovered topological quantum materials (TQMs) have electronic structures that can be characterized by certain topological invariants. In these novel materials, the unusual bulk and s...","PeriodicalId":8055,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Materials Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"131-153"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89656816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Opportunities and Challenges for Machine Learning in Materials Science","authors":"D. Morgan, R. Jacobs","doi":"10.1146/annurev-matsci-070218-010015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-matsci-070218-010015","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in machine learning have impacted myriad areas of materials science, such as the discovery of novel materials and the improvement of molecular simulations, with likely many more important developments to come. Given the rapid changes in this field, it is challenging to understand both the breadth of opportunities and the best practices for their use. In this review, we address aspects of both problems by providing an overview of the areas in which machine learning has recently had significant impact in materials science, and then we provide a more detailed discussion on determining the accuracy and domain of applicability of some common types of machine learning models. Finally, we discuss some opportunities and challenges for the materials community to fully utilize the capabilities of machine learning.","PeriodicalId":8055,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Materials Research","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2020-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84067709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Choudhury, Xiaotian Zhang, Zakaria Y. Al Balushi, M. Chubarov, J. Redwing
{"title":"Epitaxial Growth of Two-Dimensional Layered Transition Metal Dichalcogenides","authors":"T. Choudhury, Xiaotian Zhang, Zakaria Y. Al Balushi, M. Chubarov, J. Redwing","doi":"10.1146/annurev-matsci-090519-113456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-matsci-090519-113456","url":null,"abstract":"Transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayers and heterostructures have emerged as a compelling class of materials with transformative properties that may be harnessed for novel device technologies. These materials are commonly fabricated by exfoliation of flakes from bulk crystals, but wafer-scale epitaxy of single-crystal films is required to advance the field. This article reviews the fundamental aspects of epitaxial growth of van der Waals–bonded crystals specific to TMD films. The structural and electronic properties of TMD crystals are initially described along with sources and methods used for vapor phase deposition. Issues specific to TMD epitaxy are critically reviewed, including substrate properties and film-substrate orientation and bonding. The current status of TMD epitaxy on different substrate types is discussed along with characterization techniques for large-areaepitaxial films. Future directions are proposed, including developments in substrates, in situ and full-wafer characterization techniques, and heterostructure growth.","PeriodicalId":8055,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Materials Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2019-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88651680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transport of Topological Semimetals","authors":"Jin Hu, Su-Yang Xu, N. Ni, Z. Mao","doi":"10.1146/annurev-matsci-070218-010023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-matsci-070218-010023","url":null,"abstract":"Three-dimensional (3D) topological semimetals represent a new class of topological matters. The study of this family of materials has been at the frontiers of condensed matter physics, and many breakthroughs have been made. Several topological semimetal phases, including Dirac semimetals (DSMs), Weyl semimetals (WSMs), nodal-line semimetals (NLSMs), and triple-point semimetals, have been theoretically predicted and experimentally demonstrated. The low-energy excitation around the Dirac/Weyl nodal points, nodal line, or triply degenerated nodal point can be viewed as emergent relativistic fermions. Experimental studies have shown that relativistic fermions can result in a rich variety of exotic transport properties, e.g., extremely large magnetoresistance, the chiral anomaly, and the intrinsic anomalous Hall effect. In this review, we first briefly introduce band structural characteristics of each topological semimetal phase, then review the current studies on quantum oscillations and exotic transport properties of various topological semimetals, and finally provide a perspective of this area.","PeriodicalId":8055,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Materials Research","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75596468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Maurer, C. Freysoldt, A. Reilly, J. Brandenburg, O. Hofmann, T. Björkman, S. Lebègue, A. Tkatchenko
{"title":"Advances in Density-Functional Calculations for Materials Modeling","authors":"R. Maurer, C. Freysoldt, A. Reilly, J. Brandenburg, O. Hofmann, T. Björkman, S. Lebègue, A. Tkatchenko","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV-MATSCI-070218-010143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-MATSCI-070218-010143","url":null,"abstract":"During the past two decades, density-functional (DF) theory has evolved from niche applications for simple solid-state materials to become a workhorse method for studying a wide range of phenomena in a variety of system classes throughout physics, chemistry, biology, and materials science. Here, we review the recent advances in DF calculations for materials modeling, giving a classification of modern DF-based methods when viewed from the materials modeling perspective. While progress has been very substantial, many challenges remain on the way to achieving consensus on a set of universally applicable DF-based methods for materials modeling. Hence, we focus on recent successes and remaining challenges in DF calculations for modeling hard solids, molecular and biological matter, low-dimensional materials, and hybrid organic-inorganic materials.","PeriodicalId":8055,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Materials Research","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74068732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Phase Field Method: Mesoscale Simulation Aiding Material Discovery","authors":"M. Tonks, L. Aagesen","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV-MATSCI-070218-010151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-MATSCI-070218-010151","url":null,"abstract":"Mesoscale modeling and simulation approaches provide a bridge from atomic-scale methods to the macroscale. The phase field (PF) method has emerged as a powerful and popular tool for mesoscale simulation of microstructure evolution, and its use is growing at an ever-increasing rate. While initial research using the PF method focused on model development, as it has matured it has been used more and more for material discovery. In this review we focus on applying the PF method for material discovery. We start with a brief summary of the method, including numerical approaches for solving the PF equations. We then give seven examples of the application of the PF method for material discovery. We also discuss four barriers to its use for material discovery and provide approaches for how these barriers can be overcome. Finally, we detail four lessons that can be learned from the examples on how best to apply the PF method for material discovery.","PeriodicalId":8055,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Materials Research","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89444513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Taub, E. Moor, A. Luo, D. Matlock, J. Speer, U. Vaidya
{"title":"Materials for Automotive Lightweighting","authors":"A. Taub, E. Moor, A. Luo, D. Matlock, J. Speer, U. Vaidya","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV-MATSCI-070218-010134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-MATSCI-070218-010134","url":null,"abstract":"Reducing the weight of automobiles is a major contributor to increased fuel economy. The baseline materials for vehicle construction, low-carbon steel and cast iron, are being replaced by materials with higher specific strength and stiffness: advanced high-strength steels, aluminum, magnesium, and polymer composites. The key challenge is to reduce the cost of manufacturing structures with these new materials. Maximizing the weight reduction requires optimized designs utilizing multimaterials in various forms. This use of mixed materials presents additional challenges in joining and preventing galvanic corrosion.","PeriodicalId":8055,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Materials Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76467788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}