Applied Mechanics Reviews最新文献_第2页

Generation of Realistic Cut-In Maneuvers to Support Safety Assessment of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems 生成现实切入机动，以支持先进驾驶辅助系统的安全评估

1区工程技术

Applied Mechanics Reviews Pub Date : 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.3390/applmech4040054

Zafer Kayatas, Dieter Bestle, Pascal Bestle, Robin Reick

{"title":"Generation of Realistic Cut-In Maneuvers to Support Safety Assessment of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems","authors":"Zafer Kayatas, Dieter Bestle, Pascal Bestle, Robin Reick","doi":"10.3390/applmech4040054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/applmech4040054","url":null,"abstract":"Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADASs) attract constantly growing attention from academics and industry as more and more vehicles are equipped with such technology. Level-3 ADASs, like the DRIVE PILOT from Mercedes-Benz AG, are expected to appear more and more on the market in the next few years. However, automated driving raises new challenges for the system validation required for series approval. The replacement of a human driver as control instance expands the range of variants to be validated and verified. The scenario-based validation approach meets these challenges by simulating only specific safety-critical driving scenarios using software-in-the-loop simulation. According to the current state of the art, various safety-relevant driving scenarios are parameterized as idealized maneuvers which, however, requires a great modeling effort, and at the same time, such simplifications may bias the safety assessment. Therefore, a novel approach using artificial intelligence methods is taken here to generate more realistic driving scenarios. Namely, a generative model based on a variational autoencoder is trained with real-world data and then used to generate trajectories for a specific driving maneuver. Through a comprehensive analysis of the synthetic trajectories, it becomes clear that the generative model can learn and replicate relevant properties of real driving data as well as their probabilistics much better than the mathematical models used so far. Furthermore, it is proven that both the statistical properties and the time characteristics are almost equal to those of the input data.","PeriodicalId":8048,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mechanics Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135425880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Comparative Analysis of the Response-Tracking Techniques in Aerospace Dynamic Systems Using Modal Participation Factors 基于模态参与因子的航空动力系统响应跟踪技术比较分析

1区工程技术

Applied Mechanics Reviews Pub Date : 2023-09-26 DOI: 10.3390/applmech4040053

Michelle Guzman Nieto, Sandeep Suresh Babu, Mostafa S. A. ElSayed, Abdel-Hamid Ismail Mourad

{"title":"A Comparative Analysis of the Response-Tracking Techniques in Aerospace Dynamic Systems Using Modal Participation Factors","authors":"Michelle Guzman Nieto, Sandeep Suresh Babu, Mostafa S. A. ElSayed, Abdel-Hamid Ismail Mourad","doi":"10.3390/applmech4040053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/applmech4040053","url":null,"abstract":"Mechanical structural systems are subject to multiple dynamic disturbances during service. While several possible scenarios can be examined to determine their design loading conditions, only a relatively small set of such scenarios is considered critical. Therefore, only such particular deterministic set of critical load cases is commonly employed for the structural design and optimization. Nevertheless, during the design and optimization stages, the mass and stiffness distributions of such assemblies vary, and, in consequence, their dynamic response also varies. Thus, it is important to consider the variations in the dynamic loading conditions during the design-and-optimization cycles. This paper studies the modal participation factors at length and proposes an alternative to the current point-wise treatment of the dynamic equations of motion of flexible bodies during design optimization. First, the most relevant-to-structural-dynamics definitions available in the literature are reviewed in depth. Second, the analysis of those definitions that have the potential to be adopted as point-wise constraint equations during structural optimization is extended. Finally, a proof of concept is presented to demonstrate the usability of each definition, followed by a case study in which the potential advantages of the proposed extended analysis are shown.","PeriodicalId":8048,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mechanics Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134886602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Numerical Analysis of Cracked Double-Beam Systems 裂纹双梁系统的数值分析

1区工程技术

Applied Mechanics Reviews Pub Date : 2023-09-24 DOI: 10.3390/applmech4040052

Maria Anna De Rosa, Maria Lippiello

{"title":"Numerical Analysis of Cracked Double-Beam Systems","authors":"Maria Anna De Rosa, Maria Lippiello","doi":"10.3390/applmech4040052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/applmech4040052","url":null,"abstract":"Based on elasticity theory, this paper discusses the static analysis of a cracked double-beam system in the presence of a Winkler-type medium. It is further assumed that the double-beam system is constrained at both ends by elastically flexible springs with transverse and rotational stiffness. Using a variational formulation, the governing static equations are derived and solved using analytical and numerical approaches. In the first approach, closed-form solutions for the displacement functions are obtained based on the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. In the second approach, the Cell Discretisation Method (CDM) is performed, whereby the two beams are reduced to a set of rigid bars connected by elastic constraints, in which the flexural stiffness of the bars is concentrated. The resulting stiffness matrix is easily deduced, and the governing equations of the static problem can be immediately solved. A comparative analysis is performed to verify the accuracy and validity of the proposed method. The study focuses on the effect of various parameters, including crack depth and position, boundary conditions, elastic medium and slenderness. The validity of the proposed analysis is confirmed by comparing the current results with those obtained from other approaches. In particular, the results obtained by closed-form solution and CDM are compared with the Finite Element Method (FEM). The accuracy of the results was assessed by making comparisons with results found in the literature and reported in the bibliography. It was shown that the proposed algorithm provides a simple and powerful tool for dealing with the static analysis of a double-beam system. Finally, some concluding remarks are made.","PeriodicalId":8048,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mechanics Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135925986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Detailed Structural Analysis of Cylindrical Steel Tank Subjected to Various Seismic Peak Ground Values Using FSI Approach 用FSI方法对不同地震峰值下的圆柱钢储罐进行详细结构分析

1区工程技术

Applied Mechanics Reviews Pub Date : 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.3390/applmech4030051

Yasir Zulfiqar, Asim Zulfiqar, Hafiz Waqar Ahmad, Umer Masood Chaudry, Muhammad Kashif Khan, Tea-Sung Jun

{"title":"Detailed Structural Analysis of Cylindrical Steel Tank Subjected to Various Seismic Peak Ground Values Using FSI Approach","authors":"Yasir Zulfiqar, Asim Zulfiqar, Hafiz Waqar Ahmad, Umer Masood Chaudry, Muhammad Kashif Khan, Tea-Sung Jun","doi":"10.3390/applmech4030051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/applmech4030051","url":null,"abstract":"The seismic analysis of ground-supported cylindrical steel tanks subjected to lateral harmonic displacement loadings has been carried out. This paper numerically evaluates the structural response of various tank geometries due to resonant seismic sloshing. The numerical investigation is performed using a two-way fluid structural interaction approach that couples computational fluid dynamics analysis with finite element transient structural analysis. The results of the analysis have been validated using Seismic Design Code (Eurocode 8, part 4). Regarding tank aspect ratio (H/D), five geometries covering slender, medium, and broad structures are analyzed under ten harmonic base excitations. All the geometries are excited at their first convective frequency, whose shape and magnitude are evaluated using modal analysis. The seismic response curves have been developed for each tank model, which reveal the complex and peculiar structural response. It is observed from the tanks’ seismic response that they undergo three transitional stress zones named safe, yielding, and failure zones. The critical loadings and failure duration have also been evaluated for each tank model. This will help to avoid future structural damage by designing liquid-containing structures based on evaluated seismic failure loads.","PeriodicalId":8048,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mechanics Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135397340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analytical and Numerical Investigation of Fatigue Life in Rectangular Plates with Opposite Semicircular Edge Single Notches 具有相对半圆边单缺口矩形板疲劳寿命的分析与数值研究

1区工程技术

Applied Mechanics Reviews Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.3390/applmech4030049

Kristaq Hazizi, Mohammad Ghaleeh, Shafqat Rasool

引用次数: 0

Analysis of Acid Diffusion Effects on Physical Properties of Polymer Composites: A Combined Study of Mechanical and Electrical Characterization 酸扩散对聚合物复合材料物理性能的影响分析:力学和电学表征的结合研究

IF 14.3 1区工程技术

Applied Mechanics Reviews Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.3390/applmech4030050

S. Tamayo-Vegas, K. Lafdi, M. Tarfaoui, K. Lafdi, Mohamed Daly

{"title":"Analysis of Acid Diffusion Effects on Physical Properties of Polymer Composites: A Combined Study of Mechanical and Electrical Characterization","authors":"S. Tamayo-Vegas, K. Lafdi, M. Tarfaoui, K. Lafdi, Mohamed Daly","doi":"10.3390/applmech4030050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/applmech4030050","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we examined the impact of carbon nanotube (CNT) concentration on the mechanical properties of epoxy/CNT composites under acid exposure. Samples with varying CNT concentrations (0% to 5%) were fabricated and characterized using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and nanoindentation. Beyond the percolation threshold, the composites experienced decreased bulk mechanical properties due to CNT agglomeration. Acid exposure for one week and one month revealed a gradient of properties from the sample’s skin to its core. Overall, the composites exhibited modified physical properties, with degradation influenced by the CNT concentration. Higher concentrations acted as barriers but also created pathways for acid diffusion through pores surrounding CNT agglomerates. The agreement between nanoindentation and vector network analyzer (VNA) measurements further supported our findings. This convergence of mechanical and electromagnetic characterization techniques holds promise for wireless structural health monitoring (SHM) applications. Our study enhances the understanding of epoxy/CNT composites for SHM applications. The relationship between CNT concentration, acid exposure, and mechanical properties guides material selection and the development of real-time damage-detection techniques. Integrating multiple measurement techniques, as demonstrated by the agreement between nanoindentation and VNA data, provides a comprehensive understanding of structural behavior, improving SHM practices.","PeriodicalId":8048,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mechanics Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89190018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study of a Square Single-Phase Natural Circulation Loop Using the Lattice Boltzmann Method 格子玻尔兹曼法研究方形单相自然循环回路

IF 14.3 1区工程技术

Applied Mechanics Reviews Pub Date : 2023-08-28 DOI: 10.3390/applmech4030048

J. Bocanegra, A. Marchitto, M. Misale

{"title":"Study of a Square Single-Phase Natural Circulation Loop Using the Lattice Boltzmann Method","authors":"J. Bocanegra, A. Marchitto, M. Misale","doi":"10.3390/applmech4030048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/applmech4030048","url":null,"abstract":"Natural circulation loops are thermohydraulic circuits used to transport heat from a source to a sink in the absence of a pump, using the forces induced by the thermal expansion of a working fluid to circulate it. Natural circulation loops have a wide range of engineering applications such as in nuclear power plants, solar systems, and geothermic and electronic cooling. The Lattice Boltzmann Method was applied to the simulation of this thermohydraulic system. This numerical method has several interesting features for engineering applications, such as parallelization capabilities or direct temporal convergence. A 2D model of a single-phase natural circulation mini-loop with a small inner diameter was implemented and tested under different operation conditions following a double distribution function approach (coupling a lattice for the fluid and a secondary lattice for the thermal field). An analytical relationship between the Reynolds number and the modified Grashof number was used to validate the numerical model. Two regimes were found for the circulation, a laminar regime for low Reynolds numbers and a non-laminar regime characterized by a traveling vortex near the heater and cooler’s walls. Both regimes did not present flux inversion and are considered stable. The recirculation of the fluid can explain some of the heat transfer characteristics in each regime. Changing the Prandtl number to a higher value affects the transient response, increasing the temperature and velocity oscillations before reaching the steady state.","PeriodicalId":8048,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mechanics Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89204371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Inelastic Behavior of Steel and Composite Frame Structure Subjected to Earthquake Loading 钢和组合框架结构在地震荷载作用下的非弹性性能

IF 14.3 1区工程技术

Applied Mechanics Reviews Pub Date : 2023-08-16 DOI: 10.3390/applmech4030047

Param D. Gajbhiye, Nuha S. Mashaan, V. Bhaiya, R. Wankhade, S. Vishnu

{"title":"Inelastic Behavior of Steel and Composite Frame Structure Subjected to Earthquake Loading","authors":"Param D. Gajbhiye, Nuha S. Mashaan, V. Bhaiya, R. Wankhade, S. Vishnu","doi":"10.3390/applmech4030047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/applmech4030047","url":null,"abstract":"Steel construction is used more often these days as an alternative to the R.C.C. when lightweight, high-strength, large-span structures with a faster erection are required. Extensive studies have been conducted by researchers to study the seismic performance of reinforced concrete and steel structures, both in terms of elastic and inelastic behavior. Composite construction is also a recent advancement in the building industry with similar advantages. However, no emphasis has been given to the comparison between the inelastic behavior of steel and composite structures when subjected to lateral loads. This study compares the inelastic behavior of steel and a composite frame designed to have the same plastic moment capacity for structural members. The responses, such as the formation of hinges, story drifts, story displacements, lateral stiffness, ductility, maximum strength, energy dissipated, joint accelerations, and performance points, are compared with the aid of the building analysis and design software ETABS-18. For this, response spectrum analysis, pushover analysis, and nonlinear direct integration time history analysis have been performed on both frames. For design and analysis, international codes, such as IS 800-2007, IS 875 (Part I, II, IV), IS 1893-2002, AISC 360 (16 and 10), and FEMA 440, have been used. Part of this study also aims at comparing the response of these frames when subjected to near-field and far-field earthquakes. It can be concluded from the results that the post-yield performance of the composite frame is superior to that of the steel frame when seismically excited.","PeriodicalId":8048,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mechanics Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81829795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Compressive Strength and Microstructure of Alkali-Activated Mortars Utilizing By-Product-Based Binary-Blended Precursors 副产物二元混合前驱体碱活化砂浆的抗压强度和微观结构

IF 14.3 1区工程技术

Applied Mechanics Reviews Pub Date : 2023-08-11 DOI: 10.3390/applmech4030046

O. Elbasir, M. Johari, Z. Ahmad, Nuha S. Mashaan, A. Milad

{"title":"The Compressive Strength and Microstructure of Alkali-Activated Mortars Utilizing By-Product-Based Binary-Blended Precursors","authors":"O. Elbasir, M. Johari, Z. Ahmad, Nuha S. Mashaan, A. Milad","doi":"10.3390/applmech4030046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/applmech4030046","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers have investigated the feasibility of using ultrafine palm oil fuel ash (u-POFA) as a cement replacement material because of its potential to reduce the environmental impact of concrete production. u-POFA, a by-product of palm oil fuel combustion, is a suitable replacement for Portland cement in concrete mixes because of its sustainability and cost-effectiveness. This study investigated the microstructural and compressive strengths of alkali-activated mortars (AAMs) based on fly ash (FA) and granulated blast-furnace slag (GBFS) being added with varying percentages of u-POFA. The mixture samples were prepared in eighteen mortars using sodium metasilicate (Na2SiO3) as the source material and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as the alkaline activator. This study used field-emission scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy to characterize the binary-blended mortars after 28 days of curing and determined the strength of the FA+GBFS (87.80 MPa), u-POFA+GBFS (88.87 MPa), and u-POFA+FA mortars (54.82 MPa). The mortars’ compressive strength was influenced by the CaO/SiO2 and SiO2/Al2O3 ratios in the mixture, which was directly due to the formation rate of geopolymer products of the calcium–alumina–silicate–hydrate (C–(A)–S–H), aluminosilicate (N–A–S–H), and calcium–silicate–hydrate (C–S–H) phases. Based on the contents of FA and GBFS, u-POFA significantly enhanced concrete strength; therefore, u-POFA used in a suitable proportion could enhance binary-blended AAMs’ microstructure.","PeriodicalId":8048,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mechanics Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80101691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Comprehensive Review on the Novel Principles, Development and Applications of Triboelectric Nanogenerators 纳米摩擦发电机的新原理、发展及应用综述

1区工程技术

Applied Mechanics Reviews Pub Date : 2023-07-28 DOI: 10.1115/1.4056391

Dogus Hurdoganoglu, Babak Safaei, Jia Cheng, Zhaoye Qin, Saeid Sahmani

{"title":"A Comprehensive Review on the Novel Principles, Development and Applications of Triboelectric Nanogenerators","authors":"Dogus Hurdoganoglu, Babak Safaei, Jia Cheng, Zhaoye Qin, Saeid Sahmani","doi":"10.1115/1.4056391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4056391","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The major aim of this study is to provide a broad review of the fundamental ideas, progress, and utilization of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). The modes and operations of numerous triboelectric nanogenerator configurations along with applications and materials are also discussed. Triboelectric nanogenerators, a ground-breaking power production technology, were unveiled in 2012 and classified as one of the most effective generators to convert unused mechanical energy into electrical energy to run a wide range of devices. Triboelectric nanogenerators have made significant progress since the creation of this novel power-generation technology. The operating principles of various modes, such as freestanding triboelectric-layer, single-electrode, lateral sliding, and vertical contact-separation have also been carefully investigated in order to give readers a deeper understanding of the technology. The key applications of TENGs, such as high voltage power supply, blue energy, self-power sensors, and micro/nano-energy, are also described in this work along with concepts for further research. As a result, triboelectric nanogenerators are very important and attractive technology with advantages of low cost, straightforward construction, simple fabrication, high efficiency, and relatively high output performance. Wide range of material choice allows researchers to use the technology in many configurations with multiple applications. Numerous scientific modeling and analysis are also reviewed for a more solid understanding of this revolutionary and unique technology.","PeriodicalId":8048,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mechanics Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134919892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6