{"title":"An Optimized Dynamic Tensile Impact Test for Characterizing the Behavior of Materials","authors":"O. Pantalé, L. Ming","doi":"10.3390/applmech3030063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/applmech3030063","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new dynamic tensile test based on the Taylor impact technique for application on metallic materials. The Taylor impact test is a well-known technique to characterize the behavior of metallic materials in compression because it allows us to reach very high strain rates (105s−1). In this dynamic tensile test, we launch a projectile with an initial velocity into a specially designed target in order to generate tensile deformation in its central area. In this paper, the geometry of a tensile target previously published in our laboratory was modified and optimized to achieve higher plastic strains and strain rates without reaching the critical state of target failure. Numerical simulations and experimental tests validate the new geometry. Experimental tests have been performed with this new geometry to show the gains allowed. Numerical simulations by finite elements on Abaqus show the equivalent plastic deformations and elongation of the two versions of the targets and the correlation of these results with the tests.","PeriodicalId":8048,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mechanics Reviews","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80328766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On Computational Asymptotic Analysis of General Sensitive Shells of Revolution","authors":"H. Hakula","doi":"10.3390/applmech3030062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/applmech3030062","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advances in drug delivery technology have led to renewed interest in shell structures with mixed kinematical constraints, one end clamped, another one free, the so-called sensitive shells. It is known that elliptic sensitive shell problems may not always satisfy the Shapiro–Lopatinsky conditions and hence are not necessarily well-posed. The new observation is that for shells of revolution if the profile function has regions of elliptic Gaussian curvature, that region will dictate the overall response of the structure under concentrated loading. Despite the monotonically increasing total energy as the thickness tends asymptotically to zero, these shells are not in a pure bending state. The numerical results have been verified using equivalent lower-dimensional solutions.","PeriodicalId":8048,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mechanics Reviews","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76608392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Towards Ab-Initio Simulations of Crystalline Defects at the Exascale Using Spectral Quadrature Density Functional Theory","authors":"Swarnava Ghosh","doi":"10.3390/applmech3030061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/applmech3030061","url":null,"abstract":"Defects in crystalline solids play a crucial role in determining properties of materials at the nano, meso- and macroscales, such as the coalescence of vacancies at the nanoscale to form voids and prismatic dislocation loops or diffusion and segregation of solutes to nucleate precipitates, phase transitions in magnetic materials via disorder and doping. First principles Density Functional Theory (DFT) simulations can provide a detailed understanding of these phenomena. However, the number of atoms needed to correctly simulate these systems is often beyond the reach of many widely used DFT codes. The aim of this article is to discuss recent advances in first principles modeling of crystal defects using the spectral quadrature method. The spectral quadrature method is linear scaling with respect to the number of atoms, permits spatial coarse-graining, and is capable of simulating non-periodic systems embedded in a bulk environment, which allows the application of appropriate boundary conditions for simulations of crystalline defects. In this article, we discuss the state-of-the-art in ab-initio modeling of large metallic systems of the order of several thousand atoms that are suitable for utilizing exascale computing resourses.","PeriodicalId":8048,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mechanics Reviews","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72753842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bending Stresses and Deformations in Prismatic Profiled Shafts with Noncircular Contours Based on Higher Hybrid Trochoids","authors":"M. Ziaei","doi":"10.3390/applmech3030060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/applmech3030060","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an analytical method for determining the bending stresses and deformations in prismatic, noncircular profile shafts with trochoidal cross sections. The so-called higher trochoids can be used as form-fit shaft-hub connections. Hybrid (mixed) higher trochoids (M-profiles) were developed for the special application as a profile contour for the form-fit shaft and hub connections in an earlier work by the author. M-profiles combine the advantages of the two standardised polygonal and spline contours, which are used as shaft-hub connections for the transmission of high torques. In this study, the geometric and mechanical properties of the higher hybrid trochoids were investigated using complex functions to simplify the calculations. The pure bending stress and shaft deflection were determined for M-profiles using bending theory based on the theory of mathematical elasticity. The loading cases consisted of static and rotating bends. Analytical, numerical, and experimental results agreed well. The calculation formulas developed in this work enable reliable and low-cost dimensioning with regard to the stresses and elastic deformations of profile shafts subjected to bending loads.","PeriodicalId":8048,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mechanics Reviews","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76348016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vibrations Affecting Stability and Edge Control of Snowboards","authors":"F. Fuss","doi":"10.3390/applmech3030059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/applmech3030059","url":null,"abstract":"Background: During a carving turn, vibrations are induced at the heel of the snowboard through edge friction when the heel slips sideways and subsequently travel through and along the board to the shovel, which vibrates and affects the edge control. The purpose of this study was to find a method for assessing the edge grip with a laser vibrometer. Method: Two boards, loaded and tilted at four different angles, were placed on a soft surface, with a shaker connected to the heel at the hindmost edge point. The shovel and particularly the frontmost edge point were scanned with a Polytec laser vibrometer. The frequency response functions of coherence, average shovel displacement, and displacement of the foremost edge point were recorded, and the latter was integrated for obtaining an edge mobility measure (EMM) to quantify the edge control. Results: Of the two boards compared, the shovel of board A was stiffer in the 1st and in the 3rd torsional mode, and the one of board B was stiffer in bending modes. The 2nd torsional mode was responsible for large edge vibrations and therefore for a diminished edge control. Shovel B had a smaller EMM at greater tilt angles, that is, less amplitude of the vibrations at the frontmost edge point, and therefore a better edge control. Shovel A, however, had a smaller EMM at smaller tilt angles. Conclusion: The method developed in this study provides a reliable test for assessment of edge control of a snowboard under standardized test conditions.","PeriodicalId":8048,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mechanics Reviews","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75820450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of a Torsion Spring Used in a Flexible Delta Tricycle","authors":"J. D’hondt, P. Slaets, E. Demeester, M. Juwet","doi":"10.3390/applmech3030058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/applmech3030058","url":null,"abstract":"A new tilting delta tricycle is developed as a last-mile vehicle. This vehicle has a hinge between the front driver module and the rear cargo module to allow the driver to tilt while maneuvering. The driver module resembles a conventional bicycle without a rear wheel and the cargo module consists of a cargo area between two propelled rear wheels. The concept vehicle ensures proper handling qualities independent of the cargo. However, the driver module can still tip over when parked. Multiple solutions are being considered to improve the ergonomics of this vehicle. A metal-elastomer torsion spring with an integrated angle limit has the most advantages as this prevents the driver module from tipping over without requiring it to enable a mechanism while stepping off. Furthermore, the torsion system dampens vibrations while cycling and influences tilting while turning. These improvements are tested using the concept vehicle. The influence of this torsion system is calculated and validated with measurements. The influences of different torsion curves aimed to improve the low-speed stability are calculated.","PeriodicalId":8048,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mechanics Reviews","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90887414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fatigue of Shape Memory Alloys with Emphasis On Additively-Manufactured NiTi Components","authors":"Adriano Cebrian Carcavilla, W. Zaki","doi":"10.1115/1.4055175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4055175","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are often used in applications involving time-varying loads. Under such conditions, fatigue leading to possible fracture is a paramount cause of failure, which has been extensively investigated since the 1960s. The present work reviews developments in this field with emphasis on recent results related to additively-manufactured SMAs. Multiple factors influencing structural and functional degradation in presence of cyclic loading are considered, including microstructural and surface features, thermal loading history and heat treatment. For completeness, select modelling approaches proposed in the literature to predict SMA fatigue are briefly overviewed and a discussion is provided on the statistical relevance and uncertainty of published data. Conclusions are then formulated to guide subsequent research.","PeriodicalId":8048,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mechanics Reviews","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89556569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. O. H. Schutzeichel, Thorben Strübing, O. Tamer, T. Kletschkowski, H. Monner, M. Sinapius
{"title":"Experimental and Numerical Investigation of a Multifunctional CFRP towards Heat Convection under Aircraft Icing Conditions","authors":"M. O. H. Schutzeichel, Thorben Strübing, O. Tamer, T. Kletschkowski, H. Monner, M. Sinapius","doi":"10.3390/applmech3030056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/applmech3030056","url":null,"abstract":"A combined experimental and numerical approach for the analysis of convective heat transfer from a multifunctional flat plate specimen under aircraft icing conditions is presented. The experimental setup including a heat control and measurement system that is installed in a de-icing test bed. The ambient temperature (θa=[253,283]K), air velocity (va={0,15,30}ms), and angle of attack (α={10,30}∘) are varied, and their influence on heat transfer during local Joule heating is discussed. The numerical approach utilises the results to compute the convective heat transfer coefficients (HTC) based on Newton’s convective heat transfer condition. Results indicate that the numerical model represents the heat transfer behaviour with high accuracy. The HTC for free convection was found to hold h¯≈2.5Wm2K and h¯≈[10,40]Wm2K for forced convection conditions with minor scattering. The increase in HTC under forced convection conditions has a significant effect on the overall heat transfer behaviour, resulting in high temperature gradients within the material. The functional optimisation of multifunctional structures will benefit from including application related convection conditions, dealing with resulting temperature fields by structural design. It is expected that multifunctional structures for de-icing as well as for structural energy storage, morphing structures, or stiffness adaptive structures with similar material constituents will benefit from this recognition.","PeriodicalId":8048,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mechanics Reviews","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74768620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stochastic Static Analysis of Planar Elastic Structures with Multiple Spatially Uncertain Material Parameters","authors":"H. Hakula","doi":"10.3390/applmech3030055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/applmech3030055","url":null,"abstract":"Engineering structures are often assembled from parts with different materials. When uncertainty quantification techniques are applied, the curse of dimensionality increases the computational complexity. Here, a stochastic Galerkin method for planar elasticity allowing for multiple regions with independent uncertain materials is introduced. The method allows for efficient solution of linear systems both in fully assembled and matrix-free formulations. The selection of the stochastic basis polynomials is performed using a priori knowledge of the decay of the random fields. The statistical quantities of interest are the expected solution and variance, both of which can be computed efficiently after the Galerkin system has been solved. Analysis of the results indicates that the proposed method is highly efficient in terms of both computational resource requirements and discretization of the stochastic dimensions. The results were verified with Monte Carlo and quasi-Monte Carlo methods.","PeriodicalId":8048,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mechanics Reviews","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84137713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Discussion of “Ghaednia, H., Wang, X., Saha, S., Xu, Y., Sharma, A., & Jackson, R. L. (2017). A Review Of Elastic-Plastic Contact Mechanics. Applied Mechanics Reviews, 69(6).”","authors":"R. Jackson","doi":"10.1115/1.4055137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4055137","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 It has been five years since this review of elastic-plastic contact mechanics was published. The area still remains very active and many advancements have been made since then. This discussion summarizes these advances and points out what might be considered the most significant ones. In some cases experimental measurements have confirmed previous theoretical predictions. In most cases the models of contact mechanics have increased in complexity in order to improve predictions for real applications. As a fundamental area, contact mechanics will undoubtedly remain active as its implementation is often required for new applications of technology to succeed.","PeriodicalId":8048,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mechanics Reviews","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77905408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}