IEEE transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics最新文献

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Partitioning a sample using binary-type questions with ternary feedback 使用带有三元反馈的二元类型问题划分样本
IEEE transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics Pub Date : 1995-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/21.464441
Amitai Cohen, M. Kam, R. Conn
{"title":"Partitioning a sample using binary-type questions with ternary feedback","authors":"Amitai Cohen, M. Kam, R. Conn","doi":"10.1109/21.464441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/21.464441","url":null,"abstract":"The problem is to find the largest observation in a random sample of size n by asking binary-type questions of people (or items) in the sample. At each stage of the search, a threshold is calculated and a binary-type question is posed to each member of the sample. The threshold is determined from answers given to the previous questions, and no exact data is ever collected, i.e., no member is asked to explicitly provide his observation. Arrow, Pesotchinsky, and Sobel (APS) calculated the optimal threshold sequence for two different objectives: (i) minimize the average number of questions required for a solution, and (ii) maximize the probability of solving the problem in, at most, r questions. APS have assumed that the number of respondents in the affirmative at each stage of the search is exactly known. There exist applications where the number of affirmative answers is only known to be one member of the set (0, 1, more than 1). For these applications, we calculate exactly the optimal thresholds, in the sense of maximizing the probability of getting precisely one affirmative answer to the next binary question. An application of the threshold-calculation procedure is demonstrated in resolution of packet collisions over multiuser communication channel. >","PeriodicalId":79994,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics","volume":"1 1","pages":"1405-1408"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84071998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
A study on spatially induced "virtual force" with an information theoretic investigation of human performance 空间诱导的“虚拟力”及其对人的行为的信息论研究
IEEE transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics Pub Date : 1995-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/21.464442
D. Repperger, C. Phillips, T. Chelette
{"title":"A study on spatially induced \"virtual force\" with an information theoretic investigation of human performance","authors":"D. Repperger, C. Phillips, T. Chelette","doi":"10.1109/21.464442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/21.464442","url":null,"abstract":"Present virtual reality (VR) systems present powerful graphical information with human interaction capability but may be missing corresponding motion or force sensing inputs to the human operator. The concept of \"virtual force\" is introduced herein as a way to provide some of this missing sensing information. The \"virtual force\" environment is created in this paper using a displacement stick controller (joystick) with the reflective force on the controller being coordinated, in a spatial sense, with a visual scene displayed on a monitor. Force type fields are built about visual objects to provide proprioceptive feedback to the operator to improve his telepresence about the virtual scene. Since this study involves both information and control theory, certain equivalences are derived in the appendixes which extend to different plant dynamics not excluding small time delays which may appear anywhere in system. Data from a study of disabled patients and normals are presented to illustrate the efficacy of \"virtual force\" in terms of a performance measure related to transinformation (capacity or bits/second). >","PeriodicalId":79994,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics","volume":"19 10 1","pages":"1392-1404"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91210251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 64
A strategy of knowledge representation for uncertain problems: experiments and relations to similar concepts 不确定问题的知识表示策略:实验及与相似概念的关系
IEEE transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics Pub Date : 1995-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/21.464444
T. Vámos, P. Koch, F. Katona
{"title":"A strategy of knowledge representation for uncertain problems: experiments and relations to similar concepts","authors":"T. Vámos, P. Koch, F. Katona","doi":"10.1109/21.464444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/21.464444","url":null,"abstract":"Vamos (1995) outlined the general schemes of pattern representation of knowledge. Extensive experiments proved the feasibility of the methods, e.g., a twelve-year project in early brain developmental problems, a sociolegal project and a search for patterns in economy. All these are characterized by overwhelming soft-type knowledge. The paper presents an overview of these research efforts, discussing similarities to and differences from the pattern method. >","PeriodicalId":79994,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics","volume":"96 1","pages":"1371-1383"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75979212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
A strategy of knowledge representation for uncertain problems: modeling domain expert knowledge with patterns 不确定问题的知识表示策略:用模式对领域专家知识建模
IEEE transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics Pub Date : 1995-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/21.464445
T. Vámos
{"title":"A strategy of knowledge representation for uncertain problems: modeling domain expert knowledge with patterns","authors":"T. Vámos","doi":"10.1109/21.464445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/21.464445","url":null,"abstract":"Patterns as sets of somehow coherent information are feasible metaphors and tools for representation of weakly structured or unstructured knowledge in an open, infinite world. This view follows the evolutionary theory of mind representation. A practical computational formulation is given with pattern relationships based on the metapattern concept. The pattern space is mostly nonmetric due to the limited dimensional view of infinite dimensional objects. The faults of the metric suggest directions in exploring further knowledge and eliciting tacit knowledge of experts. Man-machine interaction has a special role in the process, explored by cognitive psychology methods and special graphic tools for input-output representation. >","PeriodicalId":79994,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics","volume":"21 1","pages":"1365-1370"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85168246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
An adaptive decision aid for real environments 一个适应真实环境的决策辅助工具
IEEE transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics Pub Date : 1995-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/21.464443
J. Ren, T. Sheridan
{"title":"An adaptive decision aid for real environments","authors":"J. Ren, T. Sheridan","doi":"10.1109/21.464443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/21.464443","url":null,"abstract":"Decision making in the real world is concerned with both deterministic models and undeterministic human expertise. However. Both current decision-making methods use either mathematical programming or heuristic rules; each approach by itself loses the other piece of information. This paper proposes a new approach to integrate these two different types of information simultaneously and adaptively. It uses fuzzy mathematical programming to quantitatively model objectives and resource constraints, and a linguistic knowledge base to qualitatively model imprecise human expertise. The coordination between these two modules and the new idea of subjective knowledge adaptation for human-in-the-loop systems are discussed in detail. >","PeriodicalId":79994,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics","volume":"62 1","pages":"1384-1391"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81315867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Psychophysical 1-D wavelet analysis and the appearance of visual contrast illusions 心理物理一维小波分析与视觉对比错觉的出现
IEEE transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics Pub Date : 1995-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/21.464438
V. Sierra-Vazquez, M. García-Pérez
{"title":"Psychophysical 1-D wavelet analysis and the appearance of visual contrast illusions","authors":"V. Sierra-Vazquez, M. García-Pérez","doi":"10.1109/21.464438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/21.464438","url":null,"abstract":"Psychophysical representations built by Gabor visual channels described in complex analytic form are shown to be related to the wavelet transform of visual stimuli under empirically plausible bandwidth constraints. Analysis of the psychophysical wavelet representations of one-dimensional stimuli eliciting some visual contrast illusions (Mach bands and the Craik-Cornsweet-O'Brien illusion) reveals that qualitative aspects of the selective appearance of these illusions can be explained as a natural consequence of the functional characteristics of early visual processing. >","PeriodicalId":79994,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics","volume":"413 1","pages":"1424-1433"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/21.464438","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72423647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Models of test selection 试验选择模型
IEEE transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics Pub Date : 1995-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/21.464446
I. Bhandari, H. Simon, D. Siewiorek
{"title":"Models of test selection","authors":"I. Bhandari, H. Simon, D. Siewiorek","doi":"10.1109/21.464446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/21.464446","url":null,"abstract":"Complex systems such as computers, aerospace systems, etc., are often tested by using a sequence of tests to exercise the functionality of the system. If the system fails a test, an error message is generated, initiating the test selection (TS) phase. The troubleshooter must decide whether or not to run more tests. Should the troubleshooter decide to conduct more tests, a test must be chosen as it may no longer be useful to conform to the predefined sequence. While in the TS phase, the troubleshooter will repeatedly make these decisions until he is done. The authors present a domain-independent framework to automate TS that is based on two computational models, TI and TP. Both models are needed for the authors show there are applications for which one model performs well, while the other model performs poorly. The use of the appropriate model for automating TS is indicated by certain characteristics of the testing sequence and the system under test. >","PeriodicalId":79994,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics","volume":"25 1","pages":"1349-1364"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80873349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Switching models for nonstationary random environments 非平稳随机环境的切换模型
IEEE transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics Pub Date : 1995-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/21.400511
B. Oommen, H. Masum
{"title":"Switching models for nonstationary random environments","authors":"B. Oommen, H. Masum","doi":"10.1109/21.400511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/21.400511","url":null,"abstract":"Learning automata are stochastic finite state machines that attempt to learn the characteristic of an unknown random environment with which they interact. The fundamental problem is that of learning, through feedback, the action which has the highest probability of being rewarded by the environment. The problem of designing automata for stationary environments has been extensively studied. When the environment is nonstationary, the question of modeling the nonstationarity is, in itself, a very interesting problem. In this paper, the authors generalize the model used in Tsetlin (1971, 1973) to present three models of nonstationarity. In the first two cases, the nonstationarity is modeled by a homogeneous Markov chain governing the way in which the characteristics change. The final model considers the more general case when the transition matrix of this chain itself changes with time in a geometric manner. In each case the authors analyze the stochastic properties of the resultant switching environment. The question of analyzing the various learning machines when interacting with these environments introduces an entire new avenue of open research problems. >","PeriodicalId":79994,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics","volume":"16 1","pages":"1334-1339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80223498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Fuzzy partitions of the sample space and fuzzy parameter hypotheses 样本空间的模糊划分和模糊参数假设
IEEE transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics Pub Date : 1995-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/21.400509
Christoph Römer, A. Kandel, E. Backer
{"title":"Fuzzy partitions of the sample space and fuzzy parameter hypotheses","authors":"Christoph Römer, A. Kandel, E. Backer","doi":"10.1109/21.400509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/21.400509","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a generalization of parameter hypotheses tests used in statistical inference is presented. This leads to fuzzy hypotheses defined as imprecise predictions about the unknown parameter of a family of distribution functions in question, rather than exactly and sharply given assertions about its location in the parameter space. The notion of fuzzy partitions is discussed in the first part of this paper and details regarding their structure in relation to possibility theoretical interpretations are investigated subsequently. In the second part the authors introduce the notions of fuzzy tests and disclose the impacts of an ill defined counter hypothesis (i.e., hypotheses, partly supporting the same subset of the parameter space) on the reliability of such a fuzzy test. An example demonstrates the consistency of the notion of fuzzy tests with the classical crisp case in statistical inference. >","PeriodicalId":79994,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics","volume":"31 1","pages":"1314-1322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90760681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
A neural network based feedforward adaptive controller for robots 基于神经网络的机器人前馈自适应控制器
IEEE transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics Pub Date : 1995-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/21.400506
R. Carelli, E. Camacho, H. Patiño
{"title":"A neural network based feedforward adaptive controller for robots","authors":"R. Carelli, E. Camacho, H. Patiño","doi":"10.1109/21.400506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/21.400506","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, an adaptive controller for robot manipulators which uses neural networks is presented. The proposed control scheme is based on PD feedback plus a feedforward compensation of full robot dynamics. The feedforward signal is obtained by summing up the weighted outputs of a set of fixed multilayer neural nets. The controller is adaptive to robot dynamics and payload uncertainties. A stability analysis which takes into account neural network learning errors is included. Simulation results showing the feasibility and performance of the approach are given. >","PeriodicalId":79994,"journal":{"name":"IEEE transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics","volume":"1 1","pages":"1281-1288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81816432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 90
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