Healthy People 2000 statistical notes最新文献_第2页

Operational definitions for year 2000 objectives: Priority Area 20, Immunization and Infectious Diseases. 2000年目标的业务定义:优先领域20，免疫和传染病。

Healthy People 2000 statistical notes Pub Date : 1997-02-01 DOI: 10.1037/e583942012-001

C Ryan, S Schober, K Turczyn

引用次数: 2

Health status indicators: differentials by race and Hispanic origin. 健康状况指标:按种族和西班牙裔划分的差异。

Healthy People 2000 statistical notes Pub Date : 1995-09-01 DOI: 10.1037/E583952012-001

C. Plepys, R. Klein

{"title":"Health status indicators: differentials by race and Hispanic origin.","authors":"C. Plepys, R. Klein","doi":"10.1037/E583952012-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/E583952012-001","url":null,"abstract":"The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention introduced a set of health status indicators in 1990 in response to a need for health status measures that present a broad overview of health and can be used by various levels of government (1). The indicators include 18 measures of health status and/or factors that put individuals at increased risk of disease or premature mortality. The development and definition of the indicators and the national data used to measure them are described in previous Statistical Notes (1,2). One of the three broad goals of Healthy People 2000 (3) is to reduce health disparities among Americans, including disparities between race and ethnic groups. In 1994, Committee 22.1, a group of health professionals who established the Health Status Indicators, recommended that, when possible, States and localities should analyze the indicators for each of the major population groups in their jurisdictions (4). Production of State and local reports by race and ethnicity is encouraged. The first part of this Statistical Note presents updates for previously published trends for the Health Status Indicators for the total population (2). The second part presents comparisons by race and Hispanic origin using the most recent national data. The final section provides a discussion of data issues relating to race and ethnicity.","PeriodicalId":79957,"journal":{"name":"Healthy People 2000 statistical notes","volume":"138 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82077722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

Monitoring air quality in Healthy People 2000. 《健康人群空气质量监测》，2000年。

Healthy People 2000 statistical notes Pub Date : 1995-09-01 DOI: 10.1037/E583972012-001

F. Seitz, C. Plepys

{"title":"Monitoring air quality in Healthy People 2000.","authors":"F. Seitz, C. Plepys","doi":"10.1037/E583972012-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/E583972012-001","url":null,"abstract":"The quality of the environment has historically played a significant role in public health (1). One of the early successes of public health involved limiting access to a contaminated water supply (1). While focusing on the environment is an obvious and sometimes successful approach to improving public health, the scope of such efforts is complex (2). This complexity is reflected in measurement of the levels of pollutants in the environment, the levels of individual exposure to these pollutants, individual susceptibility to the pollutants’ toxic effects and the health effects attributable to the pollutants versus other influences. Measurement of pollution levels is complicated by the diverse sources of pollution and the varied media of pollution migration and exposure (e.g., air, water). Lengthy time periods may be required to accurately monitor pollution levels; similarly, some environment-related health problems (e.g., some forms of cancer) may also require considerable time to develop before they are detected (3). Measurement of pollution levels is also related to physical characteristics of the environment (e.g., temperature, wind). While location may be a proxy measure for individual exposure to specific pollutants, its utility is somewhat compromised by individual behavior which may mitigate exposure to specific media. For example, an individual who spends a great deal of time indoors may be less affected by ambient air quality, but more susceptible to the effects of tobacco smoke or fungi. Similarly, individual susceptibility to the effects of pollutants may be affected by both genetic characteristics and/or health promotion/health care utilization. Data to monitor both individual exposure and susceptibility are not readily available for large area monitoring. Finally, attributing health effects to specific pollutants is complicated by both the previously described factors affecting measurement and also the impact of non-environmental causes of the same health effects (e.g., smoking, dieting). In chapter 11 (Environmental Health) of Healthy People 2000 there are 16 objectives related to a wide range of environment-related public health problems. The objectives measure progress in health status, risk reduction, and services and protection related to these problems at the national level. Some of the measurement issues in the preceding paragraphs affect the monitoring of these objectives. This report focuses on one of these objectives (11.5 ambient air quality), which poses special problems in measurement and interpretation. The report presents background information on the environmental problems associated with the objective, including the health risks, the source (s) of the problem, and the media of transmission. It also discusses how Healthy People 2000 monitors the objective, the data source used, issues related to the data source, and the interpretation of the data. The authors wish to acknowledge the technical consultation of Tom Curran ","PeriodicalId":79957,"journal":{"name":"Healthy People 2000 statistical notes","volume":"56 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83864151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluating public health data systems: a practical approach. 评估公共卫生数据系统:一种实用方法。

Healthy People 2000 statistical notes Pub Date : 1995-06-01 DOI: 10.1037/e583982012-001

P. Blood

{"title":"Evaluating public health data systems: a practical approach.","authors":"P. Blood","doi":"10.1037/e583982012-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e583982012-001","url":null,"abstract":"In 1988, the Institute of Medicine published The Future of Public Health (1). According to this report, public health should perform three core functions—assessment, policy development, and assurance. Most of the health data and information activities of public health agencies fall within the assessment function. These information activities provide a basis for policy development and assurance. Since 1988 health data have become more important both in the public and private sectors. Healthy People 2000: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives(2) emphasizes the importance of measurable objectives. The National Committee for Quality Assurance developed health indicators for improving the quality, access and utilization of services in Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) (3). Most drafts of health care reform legislation recognized the need for health care data and included provisions for health care data systems. There needs to be significant attention, however, to the quality and usefulness of health data. Dr. Manning Feinleib, in an article in the American Journal of Public Health,(4) identified seven characteristics that data must have to be useful: 1) relevancy; 2) coverage; 3) quality; 4) acceptability; 5) timeliness; 6) accessibility; and 7) usability. These characteristics also apply to data collected for public health purposes. The Iowa Department of Public Health responded to these challenges and demands for quality health data in several ways. In October 1992 the Department began the project Enhancement of Capacity to Assess Progress towards Healthy People 2000 Objectives, a five-year cooperative agreement with the National Center for Health Statistics in connection with the CDC Assessment Initiative (5). Iowa is one of seven states to receive funding to enhance state capacity to use data effectively for policy development and assurance. In Iowa the project staff are located administratively in the Division of Substance Abuse and Health Promotion, the division with primary responsibility for coordinating the implementation of the Healthy Iowans 2000 plan. Healthy Iowans 2000 is the result of a broad-based public and private effort to develop year 2000 objectives for Iowa. This comprehensive document addresses components of all 22 priority areas in Healthy People 2000.","PeriodicalId":79957,"journal":{"name":"Healthy People 2000 statistical notes","volume":"79 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74484412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Years of healthy life. 多年的健康生活。

Healthy People 2000 statistical notes Pub Date : 1995-04-01 DOI: 10.1037/E583992012-001

P. Erickson, R. Wilson, I. Shannon

{"title":"Years of healthy life.","authors":"P. Erickson, R. Wilson, I. Shannon","doi":"10.1037/E583992012-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/E583992012-001","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing the span of healthy life for Americans is one of the three broad goals of Healthy People 2000 (1). The years of healthy life measure has been selected for monitoring progress toward this goal. The sources and methods used for calculating years of healthy life are described in this issue of Statistical Notes. Estimated years of healthy life measures for 1990 for the total U.S. population and for selected subgroups are presented and discussed. Historically, health has been measured primarily in terms of mortality—infant mortality, life expectancy, age-specific and disease-specific death rates—and morbidity—disability days and prevalence of chronic conditions. On the one hand, measures of mortality may understate the public health importance of conditions that result in proportionately more morbidity and disability. On the other hand, commonly used morbidity measures tend to focus on physical function and thus may underestimate social and mental dysfunction as well as satisfaction with health. In addition, these traditional indicators do not provide summary information on a population’s health status. A single measure that incorporates health-related quality of life and life expectancy gives a more comprehensive picture of the population’s health. Such a summary number would help in monitoring the Nation’s health, identifying health priorities, evaluating the effectiveness of interventions, and comparing the effectiveness of different interventions. Several approaches to the development of a comprehensive measure have been taken, including Disability Free Life Years (2,3), Healthy Life Expectancy (4,5), and Disability Adjusted Life Years (6). The years of healthy life (YHL) concept, however, has emerged as one of the more commonly used health status measures that include both mortality and morbidity. Years of healthy life can be sensitive to changes in health among the well and the ill.","PeriodicalId":79957,"journal":{"name":"Healthy People 2000 statistical notes","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86738301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 192

Direct standardization (age-adjusted death rates). 直接标准化(年龄调整死亡率)。

Healthy People 2000 statistical notes Pub Date : 1995-01-01 DOI: 10.1037/e584012012-001

L. R. Curtin, R. Klein

引用次数: 176

Revisions to Healthy People 2000 baselines. 对2000年健康人基线的修订。

Healthy People 2000 statistical notes Pub Date : 1993-07-01 DOI: 10.1037/E584022012-001

R. Klein, M. A. Freedman

引用次数: 2

Issues related to monitoring the Year 2000 objectives. 与监测2000年目标有关的问题。

Healthy People 2000 statistical notes Pub Date : 1993-01-01 DOI: 10.1037/E584032012-001

R. Wilson, M. A. Freedman, R. Klein

{"title":"Issues related to monitoring the Year 2000 objectives.","authors":"R. Wilson, M. A. Freedman, R. Klein","doi":"10.1037/E584032012-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/E584032012-001","url":null,"abstract":"The publication of Healthy People 2000: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives in the fall of 1990 was the culmination of three years of collaborative effort toward the crafting of 300 specific objectives (l). These activities relied heavily on the experiences gained over the previous decade in the development and monitoring of the 1990 objectives (2). The National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) has the lead responsibility for monitoring progress toward the Year 2000 objectives at the national level; we have received inquiries about data and tracking issues. In this article, we describe a number of these issues; some issues are settled, others are yet to be resolved fully. Future Statistical Notes will focus on some of the problems raised below in more detail. Baseline measures In a number of instances, the baselines published in Healthy PeopIe 2000 have been revised. The reasons for these revisions are varied. A large portion of these revisions involved baselines for mortality objectives which were revised when the Census Bureau released updated 1980–1989 intercensal population estimates based on the 1990 census. The development of new computational procedures has also resulted in baseline changes (e.g., see race-specific infant mortality, and American Indians and Alaska Natives, below). For several other objectives, the baselines have been changed because of modifications in methodology, typographical errors, changes in data sources, or because the baseline data were based on preliminary analyses. The revised baselines will be published in the 1992 Healthy People 2000 Review, released with Health United States. In addition, the Centers for Disease ControI and Prevention (CDC) will incorporate any revised baseline data into its computerized inventory and monitoring data base, described below. The baseline revisions will be discussed in detail in a future issue of Statistical Notes. Tracking Variables NCHS has received a number of questions about specific measures and data sources used to track each objective. Although many of the objectives have a well-defined method for tracking, accompanying baseline data reflecting that measure, and an implied or obvious data source, there are objectives for which this is not the case. In some instances, a data source is not well-defined, but the baseline shown implies a specific tracking measure. In others, the baseline is a proxy measure, with more appropriate data expected in the future. For some broad objectives, more specific tracking, by proxy, can give valuable information. Finally, there are objectives for which baseline data …","PeriodicalId":79957,"journal":{"name":"Healthy People 2000 statistical notes","volume":"50 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79745205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Health status indicators for the year 2000. 2000年卫生状况指标。

Healthy People 2000 statistical notes Pub Date : 1991-01-01 DOI: 10.1037/e584072012-001

M. A. Freedman

引用次数: 12