Health promotion (Oxford, England)最新文献_第2页

Politics and policies on self-help: notes on the international scene. 关于自助的政治和政策:国际舞台上的笔记。

Health promotion (Oxford, England) Pub Date : 1987-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/2.3.275

J Branckaerts, A Richardson

{"title":"Politics and policies on self-help: notes on the international scene.","authors":"J Branckaerts, A Richardson","doi":"10.1093/heapro/2.3.275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/2.3.275","url":null,"abstract":"This paper identifies and describes a few key milestones in the development of policies on self-help at an international level. At its core lies a paradox. Self-help groups are essentially a very local activity; they are generated by individuals coming together to help themselves and each other in their own local communities. They neither need nor are derived from international (or even national) policies for their development. Yet in the last few years, growing attention has been given, at international as well as national level, to the formulation of policies on self-help. It seems appropriate to take a look at what these are and in what ways they have had any local impact, if not directly, on groups, then indirectly, by affecting the climate in which they operate. The policies of two international bodies, both operating in Europe, are considered here. These are the European Community and the World Health Organization, including both its headquarters and the Regional Office for Europe. First, it is useful to set the context, to explore what is meant by a policy on self-help and to introduce some political considerations.","PeriodicalId":79940,"journal":{"name":"Health promotion (Oxford, England)","volume":"2 3","pages":"275-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/heapro/2.3.275","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21158802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Strengthening communities. 加强社区。

Health promotion (Oxford, England) Pub Date : 1987-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/2.4.317

M Stacey

引用次数: 1

Memorandum health 2000: intersectoral planning for health in The Netherlands. 《2000年卫生备忘录:荷兰卫生部门间规划》。

Health promotion (Oxford, England) Pub Date : 1987-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/2.4.393

D Haslinghuis

引用次数: 0

Making healthy public policy; developing the science by learning the art: an ecological framework for policy studies. 制定健康的公共政策;通过学习艺术来发展科学:政策研究的生态框架。

Health promotion (Oxford, England) Pub Date : 1987-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/2.3.263

N Milio

引用次数: 112

Dutch obstetric care: home or hospital, midwife or gynaecologist? 荷兰产科护理:家庭还是医院，助产士还是妇科医生?

Health promotion (Oxford, England) Pub Date : 1987-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/2.3.247

R van Daalen

{"title":"Dutch obstetric care: home or hospital, midwife or gynaecologist?","authors":"R van Daalen","doi":"10.1093/heapro/2.3.247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/2.3.247","url":null,"abstract":"The Dutch obstetric system is traditionally characterized by extensive primary health services, supported by more specialized care. Midwives and GPs are responsible for normal deliveries, obstetricians for the deliveries considered high risk. Home deliveries are fairly common. Over the last decade this relatively positive approach to reproduction has threatened to give place to methods that seem to oppose the goals of health promotion. The percentage of home deliveries has declined from 57% in 1970 to 35% in 1985. The distinction between normal and pathological pregnancies and deliveries has become more blurred. A growing number of women with a normal pregnancy are giving birth in hospital. In sparsely populated regions, primary health care is inadequate, but this explains only part of this development. As far as parents-to-be have a choice, little is known about their considerations and about the role of different professional groups in how they choose. Between the various medical professions, competition arises about the division of tasks and about the hierarchical relation to one another. The role of obstetricians has become more important, GPs are losing ground, while midwives retain their share in practising obstetric care. Rivalry between different professional groups has been stimulated by the decline in the birth rate and the increase in the number of professionals. The increased number of pregnant women whose pregnancy and delivery is defined as 'pathological' reflects the continuing process of medicalization. Different developments may explain this process: the increase in hospital births, progress in medical science, the older age of women having their first baby.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)","PeriodicalId":79940,"journal":{"name":"Health promotion (Oxford, England)","volume":"2 3","pages":"247-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/heapro/2.3.247","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21158800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Health policy and mental health. 卫生政策和精神卫生。

Health promotion (Oxford, England) Pub Date : 1987-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/2.2.139

E Dekker

{"title":"Health policy and mental health.","authors":"E Dekker","doi":"10.1093/heapro/2.2.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/2.2.139","url":null,"abstract":"Health policy can be described as policy directed at the determinants of health, i.e. biological and environmental factors, lifestyle and the health care system. This type of policy now has become a policy objective in an increasing number of countries. In this article mental health is placed in the broad context of this policy. The central question is: can the mental health field grasp the opportunity of a growing interest in prevention and health promotion in general, as major objectives of health policy? Or will it stay more or less isolated from the mainstream of current developments? Answering this question means looking at the conditions of health policy. For health policy it is required that a definition be given of health problems and \"causing\" conditions. There should further be available intervention possibilities of a preventive and intersectoral character and also preventive strategies. It is stated that there is enough standardized information on mental health problems and experience with community-based research to let mental health participate in drawing up a community diagnosis. It also appears possible to construct an ecological health status model for mental health. Research on the factors in this model shows a shift in focus from risk populations to risk situations, e.g. unemployment, industrial disability, divorce and isolation. Further it is recognized that the search for causal factors is substituted by that for precipitating factors. Social-demographic factors, taken alone, are not precipitating factors. What matters is the combination of an underdeveloped coping mechanism, little social support, and prolonged stressful conditions or sudden stressful events.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)","PeriodicalId":79940,"journal":{"name":"Health promotion (Oxford, England)","volume":"2 2","pages":"139-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/heapro/2.2.139","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21159160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Community involvement in health promotion: progress or panacea? 社区参与健康促进:进步还是灵丹妙药?

Health promotion (Oxford, England) Pub Date : 1987-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/2.4.359

A Watt, S Rodmell

{"title":"Community involvement in health promotion: progress or panacea?","authors":"A Watt, S Rodmell","doi":"10.1093/heapro/2.4.359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/2.4.359","url":null,"abstract":"There are many arenas within which health promotion may be located. This paper addresses the issues involved in the development of health promotion in one such arena: the community health movement. This movement is complex and dynamic. When reference is made to non-statutory health action, or to community involvement in health, this complexity may not be fully appreciated. There is a tendency for the range of activity to be reduced to its most \"visible\" form: self-help activity. However, there is more to the community health movement than this. A typology is offered here in which three levels of community-based activity in Britain are identified. These are referred to as self-help groups, community health groups and community development health projects. The breadth and range of this activity reflects the inability of formalized health care to tackle many of the underlying causes of ill-health. Each type of community health activity exists as a declaration of this failure, but some forms of activity may be welcomed by the health professions whilst others may not. In particular the numerically small community development health projects offer a significant challenge to formal health care because they seek to encourage collective health activity by those who are least in control of their own health. It is within the context of developing strategies for health promotion that community health action is most relevant. National and local strategy documents suggest that community involvement is essential for the successful promotion of health. Fully comprehensive participation by community groups signifies a major shift in our perceptions of health and health care. An appreciation of the existing range of health action in communities is an important starting point for medical health professionals engaged in this task.","PeriodicalId":79940,"journal":{"name":"Health promotion (Oxford, England)","volume":"2 4","pages":"359-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/heapro/2.4.359","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21160405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 28

International Symposium on Health Promotion and Chronic Illness, Bad Honnef, Federal Republic of Germany, 21-25 June 1987. 促进健康和慢性病国际研讨会，1987年6月21日至25日，德意志联邦共和国Bad Honnef。

Health promotion (Oxford, England) Pub Date : 1987-01-01

引用次数: 0

The meaning of healthy public policy. 健康的公共政策的意义。

Health promotion (Oxford, England) Pub Date : 1987-01-01

引用次数: 0

The Community Study Stuttgart. 斯图加特社区研究。

Health promotion (Oxford, England) Pub Date : 1986-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/1.1.107

G Wendt

{"title":"The Community Study Stuttgart.","authors":"G Wendt","doi":"10.1093/heapro/1.1.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/1.1.107","url":null,"abstract":"A basic objective of the \"Community Study Stuttgart\", a part of the German Cardiovascular Prevention Study (GCP), which began in April 1984 and will end in December 1991, is to develop and utilize globally applicable intervention measures through which cardiovascular risk factors can be reduced effectively under the population's living conditions in the Federal Republic of Germany. Vital elements of intervention include exerting influence on individual health behaviour as well as creating and developing community structures and provisions to foster health. The intervention is directed towards behaviour in the sectors of nutrition, physical activity and (non-)smoking, but psychosocial constellations will also be taken into consideration. The long-range goal of the study is a reduction in the incidence of ischaemic heart diseases and cerebrovascular diseases (as well as the ensuring reduction in total mortality) among the community populations as compared to the average population of the same age in the Federal Republic of Germany. The intervention concept is based on a broadened pathogenetic chain in which the so-called classic somatic risk factors for cardiovascular diseases have been supplemented by behaviour-related psychosocial factors and living conditions which influence health behaviour. Each of the target variables is significant in itself within the intervention concept. In the study, it is assumed that the community framework is of essential relevance to daily life and affects community members' knowledge, attitudes and opportunities for realization. On the basis of scientific studies on the lifestyle concept, an intervention concept was developed which centres on the population of defined communities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)","PeriodicalId":79940,"journal":{"name":"Health promotion (Oxford, England)","volume":"1 1","pages":"107-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/heapro/1.1.107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21155765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1