Health promotion (Oxford, England)最新文献_第3页

Health promotion (Oxford, England) Pub Date : 1986-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/1.1.113

D Nutbeam

引用次数: 443

Economic aspects of addiction policy. 成瘾政策的经济方面。

Health promotion (Oxford, England) Pub Date : 1986-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/1.1.61

A Maynard

{"title":"Economic aspects of addiction policy.","authors":"A Maynard","doi":"10.1093/heapro/1.1.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/1.1.61","url":null,"abstract":"One definition of policy or government action in the Oxford English Dictionary is \"craftiness\" i.e. cunning or deceit. Such qualities have to be employed by governments because of the potential vote-losing effects of radical addiction policies. Health promotion, in relation to addictive substances such as alcohol and tobacco in particular, involves a trade-off between the costs of such policies, especially to industry (which seeks regulation to protect itself from competitors), and the benefits--improvements in the quality and length of life. Measures of such benefits (quality-adjusted life-years or QALYs) are available now to use in the evaluation of competing health promotion policies to determine their efficiency at the margin. Analysis of the market for tobacco indicates that consumption has been falling generally in the UK except among teenagers who appear to be the target of the industry's advertising and sponsorship efforts. This fall in consumption appears to be explained by health promotion rather than the active use of fiscal instruments of control. The recognition of the health effects of passive smoking and the impact of advertising and sponsorship, especially on the young, are policy areas requiring careful review and the evaluation of the costs and benefits of competing policies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)","PeriodicalId":79940,"journal":{"name":"Health promotion (Oxford, England)","volume":"1 1","pages":"61-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/heapro/1.1.61","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21187123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

A discussion document on the concept and principles of health promotion. 关于促进健康的概念和原则的讨论文件。

Health promotion (Oxford, England) Pub Date : 1986-05-01

引用次数: 0

Lalonde and beyond: looking back at "A New Perspective on the Health of Canadians". 拉隆德及其后:回顾"加拿大人健康的新视角"。

Health promotion (Oxford, England) Pub Date : 1986-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/1.1.93

T Hancock

{"title":"Lalonde and beyond: looking back at \"A New Perspective on the Health of Canadians\".","authors":"T Hancock","doi":"10.1093/heapro/1.1.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/1.1.93","url":null,"abstract":"The Lalonde Report was published in 1974, and was the first significant government report to suggest that health care services were not the most important determinant of health. After reviewing the evidence, the report suggested that there were four \"health fields\"--lifestyle, environment, health care organization, human biology--and that major improvements in health would result primarily from improvements in lifestyle, environment and our knowledge of human biology. Lalonde also indicated a broad understanding of the determinants of health in subsequent speeches. While the report was greeted sympathetically at the time, it did not have all that significant an impact in Canada. It was criticised on a number of grounds, in particular that it paid too much attention to lifestyle and too little attention to environment. Furthermore, because health is a provincial responsibility in Canada, while the report was a federal report, there was no mechanism readily available to implement the recommendations of the report. The report was nonetheless widely hailed outside Canada, and similar (and often better) reports were published in Britain, the USA, Sweden and elsewhere. The report remains a highly regarded contribution to the transformation in thinking about health that has occurred in the past decade.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)","PeriodicalId":79940,"journal":{"name":"Health promotion (Oxford, England)","volume":"1 1","pages":"93-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/heapro/1.1.93","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21159741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 115

The role of health promotion in prevention policy against cardiovascular diseases in Hungary. 促进健康在匈牙利预防心血管疾病政策中的作用。

Health promotion (Oxford, England) Pub Date : 1986-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/1.1.85

M Kokeny, I Gyarfas, P Makara, J Kishegyi

{"title":"The role of health promotion in prevention policy against cardiovascular diseases in Hungary.","authors":"M Kokeny, I Gyarfas, P Makara, J Kishegyi","doi":"10.1093/heapro/1.1.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/1.1.85","url":null,"abstract":"The development of public health has been a high priority in recent years in Hungary. In spite of concentrated efforts to establish a more advanced health service, the health status of the population has not improved and trends in mortality and morbidity are still unfavourable. Risk factors from the environment and from health-damaging behaviour are generally accepted as the main causes of cardiac diseases, yet lay people still think that progress in therapy can compensate for the effects of an unhealthy, overstrained and self-exploiting way of life. We might have well-educated experts and well-equipped institutes but two in three victims of myocardial infarction do not even reach hospital. A reorientation of health policy to a more prevention-focused approach and joint activities of all administrative, economic and social sectors coordinated at government level are necessary to put health in a more favourable position in the pattern of values in our society. The medical and sociological research work and the community level prevention activities began in 1982 in the 17th district of Budapest. The data of 1,611 residents of the district aged 25-64 were analysed. From data on nutrition, leisure-time physical activity, obesity, blood pressure distribution, and smoking habits it was established that socially unfavourable conditions cause a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)","PeriodicalId":79940,"journal":{"name":"Health promotion (Oxford, England)","volume":"1 1","pages":"85-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/heapro/1.1.85","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21159740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

The role of health promotion in primary health care. 促进健康在初级卫生保健中的作用。

Health promotion (Oxford, England) Pub Date : 1986-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/1.1.49

N C Stott

{"title":"The role of health promotion in primary health care.","authors":"N C Stott","doi":"10.1093/heapro/1.1.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/1.1.49","url":null,"abstract":"A major transformation has been occurring in primary health care during the past 20 years. The changes are reviewed briefly for the benefit of those who do not work in the front-line of care and for those who have not had the opportunity to experience the changes. Two major components of the transformation are stressed: (i) the shift towards person (patient) centred methods; (ii) a broad framework of reference which encourages horizontal integration of skills in the nonspecialized way. The opportunities for health promotion in primary health care are legion and evidence from worldwide experimental sources is reviewed to show how different levels of achievement can be demonstrated and monitored. Responsibility, empowerment and participation were firmly declared principles in the WHO Alma Ata Declaration on primary health care. The practical realisation of such principles in the field is occurring at an increasing rate, but their continuation will depend on the further growth and development of appropriate community-centred skills and practices. Evidence for the power of a \"social sieve\" to moderate professional or official health recommendations is also discussed in the light of current research. If recent research data is upheld, the relationship between primary health care personnel and the social network around them is likely to be shown to make a critical difference to health outcomes.","PeriodicalId":79940,"journal":{"name":"Health promotion (Oxford, England)","volume":"1 1","pages":"49-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/heapro/1.1.49","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21175712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Promoting women's health: redefining the knowledge base and strategies for change. 促进妇女健康:重新确定知识基础和变革战略。

Health promotion (Oxford, England) Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/1.3.301

S Ruzek, J Hill

{"title":"Promoting women's health: redefining the knowledge base and strategies for change.","authors":"S Ruzek, J Hill","doi":"10.1093/heapro/1.3.301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/1.3.301","url":null,"abstract":"Promoting women's health involves undertaking a critical gender-based analysis of women's health status and health needs and the knowledge bases which underlie health promotion action. The authors argue that professional and lay definitions of health problems often differ and that these differences stem from a differential emphasis on existing knowledge bases. Here the authors explore the focus of epidemiological, clinical, and experiential knowledge and suggest ways in which each does or does not address many key health issues which women themselves identify as important. Attention is also directed towards women's own suppressed and devalued knowledge as embodied in traditional folk practices and alternative care forms. Recommendations are made to improve existing knowledge bases by transforming some of the value orientations, priorities, methods and the social organization of research. The authors suggest that positive health promotion strategies must be based on an improved knowledge base and must incorporate three key concepts which women emphasize as central--self determination, women-centred values, and a gender-based political analysis. Strategies and methods to achieve these ends are suggested for health educators and policy-makers who wish to develop more positive approaches to promoting women's health.","PeriodicalId":79940,"journal":{"name":"Health promotion (Oxford, England)","volume":"1 3","pages":"301-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/heapro/1.3.301","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21157323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Social inequality and healthy public policy. 社会不平等和健康的公共政策。

Health promotion (Oxford, England) Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/1.3.341

R Labonté

{"title":"Social inequality and healthy public policy.","authors":"R Labonté","doi":"10.1093/heapro/1.3.341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/1.3.341","url":null,"abstract":"For decades, health education programmes have been based on the assumption that individual behaviours (for example smoking, drug use, eating patterns) are the major risk-factors in contemporary illness. This assumption often led to interventions that subtly \"blamed the victim\" for his or her ill-health. In recent years the broader social conceptualization of health and illness has directed many health educators' attention towards socio-economic and environmental factors which condition and constrain lifestyle choices, and which may be directly associated with increased disease risks. While it is becoming common for government health departments and agencies to acknowledge poverty, unemployment and other forms of social inequality as potent health hazards, programmes to ameliorate such conditions are rare. Since 1983, the Toronto health department has developed programmes based upon a socio-environmental model of disease which specifically targets social systems rather than individual behaviour for change. Elements of this approach include extensive media reports on the health implications of such issues as welfare benefits, poverty, unemployment and housing; health education programmes to stimulate a critical understanding of the causes and structure of social inequality; health advocacy initiatives to influence political and legislative reforms; and a community development orientation which involves the department in broad-based coalitions working towards healthy social change. Most recently, the department has become a resource to groups attempting to create employment and service community needs through cooperative forms of economic development. Several examples of the department's programmes in each of these areas are provided. To meet the challenge of the World Health Organization's Alma Ata Declaration, health educators must examine their own potential to act as social-change agents, and must become more sophisticated in the political analysis of their practice.","PeriodicalId":79940,"journal":{"name":"Health promotion (Oxford, England)","volume":"1 3","pages":"341-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/heapro/1.3.341","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21157326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 42

Development of a national health promotion survey: the Canadian experience. 开展全国健康促进调查:加拿大的经验。

Health promotion (Oxford, England) Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/1.3.393

I Rootman

引用次数: 0

Strengthening communities. 加强社区。

Health promotion (Oxford, England) Pub Date : 1986-01-01

引用次数: 0