Annales medico-psychologiques最新文献

{"title":"Le processus créateur dans le jeu vidéo et la matérialisation de processus psychiques","authors":"Guillaume Gillet , Johann Jung","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2025.04.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2025.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Goals The author proposes to explore, in the field of psychodynamic psychology referred to psychoanalysis, the creative process in video games and the specificities of video games as an art object, as well as the psychological implications of its use.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>The author first reviews the question of the creative process, creation and art from a psychoanalytic point of view. The description of the video game software « Brothers : A tales of two sons » then makes it possible to highlight that this video game constitutes a materialization of theories, models and psychic processes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The video game « Brothers: A tales of two sons » constitutes a materialization of psychic processes which were implemented in the source code of the software by its designer-programmers. It contains more or less explicit theories of psychological suffering, connection, and care, which are materialized on screen through “scenic figuration” work, made possible by updating the source code. of the software. The theme of loss and mourning punctuates the entire proposed story. The software also contains a theory of what causes trauma and a theory of how to treat it. It contains a fundamental rule that conveys a message about a specific pattern of bonding and dependence. The last chapter of this game allows us to observe that the designer-programmers have integrated into the source code of the software, in particular in what controls the specific handling of the video game controller, that is to say in the playability of the video game, a perceptual-motor equivalent of the mourning and identification process, encouraging the user to symbolize the traces of the lost object using sensorimotor skills.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>This work involves several points of discussion. First of all, the creative process of the video game is based on a manufacturing process which involves rules, principles, conventions and specificities which generally supposes the intervention of numerous people, both upstream and downstream, both professionals and members of the public, potential future buyers, which leads us to qualify the main hypothesis. The materialization of theory, model and psychic processes firstly originates from group co-creation work. Furthermore, our hypothesis does not take into account the difference between software designed by large publishers and that created by small groups who do not have the same means and the same design strategies. Then, if the software seems to be able to be considered as an invitation to play in order to carry out mourning work in support of an operation of sensori-affective-motor symbolization, the game sequence reported in the last chapter of the story opens on a discussion regarding the meaning of this scene and the nature of the identification process. Despite an unchanged method of handling the interface, several elements suggest that this is the actualization","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":"184 2","pages":"Pages 85-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146122722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La grossophobie, une délinquance qui ne dit pas son nom","authors":"Jean-Pierre Bouchard (Psychologue, Professeur extraordinaire, Docteur en psychologie, Docteur en droit)","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2025.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2025.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":"184 2","pages":"Pages 77-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146122599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pratique musicale comme remédiation cognitive incarnée dans la schizophrénie. Deux revues narratives","authors":"Chloé Naïli , Etienne Bally , Florent Cholat , Aliya Agarande , Christophe Arbus , Anya Attou , Tudi Gozé","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2025.11.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2025.11.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>Schizophrenia is a chronic and disabling psychiatric disorder that affects about 1% of the population. It is characterized by a complex combination of positive, negative, disorganized, and cognitive symptoms. Cognitive impairments – especially in memory, attention, processing speed, and executive functions – are among the strongest predictors of psychosocial functioning. Social cognition is also frequently impaired and impacts emotional recognition, theory of mind, and interpersonal adjustment. As pharmacological treatments remain ineffective for cognitive symptoms, cognitive remediation is now considered the gold standard. This narrative review explores the potential of music practice as a non-pharmacological tool for cognitive remediation in schizophrenia. Music engages multiple cognitive and emotional processes, and has demonstrated positive effects both in healthy individuals and in clinical populations, including patients with stroke and Alzheimer's disease. These effects may stem from the multimodal and embodied nature of music practice, which involves motor coordination, memory, symbolic processing, and emotional engagement. To deepen the theoretical framework, this article draws on embodiment – a cognitive science approach that considers the body as central to cognition, structured around the 4E model: Embodied, Extended, Embedded, and Enactive. This framework supports a grounded exploration of music-based interventions in schizophrenia.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>This article is based on two narrative reviews conducted using PubMed: one on the relationship between embodiment and schizophrenia (RN1), and the other on embodiment and music (RN2). Each review followed a two-step selection process to exclude duplicates and irrelevant articles, focusing only on those addressing both embodiment and either schizophrenia or music. The selected articles were organized according to the 4E framework: Embodied, Extended, Embedded, and Enactive cognition. A cross-analysis of both corpora revealed recurrent embodied processes – temporal perception, interactional synchrony, and social cognition – justifying a dedicated subchapter. Although the music review included both listening and practice, the final focus was placed on active music-making, which more directly engages the embodied, extended, and enactive dimensions of cognition, and aligns with the principles of cognitive remediation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The first narrative review (RN1) analyzed 23 articles exploring schizophrenia through the lens of embodiment. Cognitive impairments in schizophrenia were reframed as disruptions in the sensorimotor integration between body, action, and environment. Studies highlighted altered posture, impaired source memory, and disconnection from bodily experience as central to cognitive and social dysfunction. Embodied therapies, such as Body-Oriented Psychotherapy, showed clinical benefits by re-engaging patients","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":"184 2","pages":"Pages 121-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146122576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"« C’est comme si j’étais sortie de l’humanité ». Deuil, argile et art-thérapie","authors":"Odette Chesnot , Silke Schauder","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2025.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2025.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context and Guiding Question</h3><div>This article examines clay-based art therapy as a therapeutic response for war widows navigating the twin burdens of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complicated grief. Within programs led by the Lebanese Association of Victims of Terrorism (AVT-L) and partner NGOs (Dignity beyond borders, AVVAT et Solidarité Défense), the authors observe that bereavement following violent, often public deaths fragment's identity, freezes symbolization, and constrains speech. The guiding question is explicit: How does art therapy with clay help military widows reconstruct identity after PTSD and complex grief? The working hypothesis is that clay, as a sensori-motor, group-based, and transcultural medium, converts the “unspeakable” into a manipulable form, enabling affect regulation, meaning-making, and the repair of familial bonds.</div></div><div><h3>Program and Methods</h3><div>The documented program has been implemented since 2019 and, to date, has served 125 widows. The current cohort comprises 25 adult widows from five countries (France, Lebanon, the United States, the United Kingdom, Jordan). The intervention begins with six, two-hour group sessions, delivered in two subgroups (12 and 13 participants) and co-facilitated by a trilingual art therapist (Arabic/French/English) and a trilingual clinical psychologist; no interpreters are used to preserve continuity and nuance. Depending on clinical indication or participant request, widows are then offered individual follow-up (two sessions per month for four months) to consolidate gains. The clinical frame is precisely described (group composition, session choreography, safety and ethics), and outcomes are illustrated through a central case vignette (Mme M.). Across the program, emphasis falls on sensorially, group dynamics, and the transcultural status of clay as a “universal” medium that helps participants traverse emotional and linguistic barriers.</div></div><div><h3>Theoretical Rationale</h3><div>Grounded in trauma-informed practice and informed by group and art-therapy theory, clay's haptic engagement activates perception – action loops that reduce hyperarousal and allow pre-symbolic contents to take shareable form. In group settings, co-regulation (through shared rhythms of modeling, posture, and silence) enhances affect tolerance and supports mentalization; peers act as mirrors, and the “language of gesture” precedes speech. In grief work, the medium facilitates negotiation between presence and absence, loosens rigid identifications, and supports flexible, continuing bonds. Its accessibility and reversibility provide psychological safety, enabling exploration without fear of failure. A clinical vignette illustrates the psychic and sensorimotor mechanisms activated during a clay-based art therapy workshop, highlighting the transition from emotional disorganization to symbolization and identity reconstruction.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical Findings</h3","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":"184 2","pages":"Pages 112-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146122602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La narrativité : un paradigme prometteur dans l’étude du phénomène délirant","authors":"Florent Poupart","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2025.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2025.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Delusions are a longstanding and emblematic topic in psychiatry, yet they remain conceptually elusive. Traditional approaches struggle to categorize delusions coherently: they have been described as fixed beliefs, imaginary constructs, linguistic acts, or meaningless disturbances. Contemporary empirical psychopathology predominantly adopts a doxastic view, as reflected in the DSM-5, which defines delusions as unchangeable beliefs despite contradictory evidence. However, this approach fails to resolve the paradox at the heart of delusion: its simultaneous resemblance to incorrigible belief and inconsequential fiction. Such paradoxes reveal the limitations of conventional psychological categories in understanding the experiential complexity of delusion.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This article proposes to reframe delusion through the lens of narrativity. Drawing from philosophical, psychoanalytic, and developmental frameworks, the goal is to explore how narrative structures may offer insight into both the form and function of delusions. Specifically, the study investigates whether delusions might constitute a narrative response to psychic disintegration—a compensatory process that provides a kind of coherence where symbolization has failed.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is a theoretical and conceptual analysis. The framework draws heavily on Paul Ricœur's notion of narrative identity, wherein narration serves to configure lived experience and support identity formation. Insights from psychoanalysis, particularly from early subjectivation research, are integrated to understand how narrative supports psychic development. Classical psychopathological literature (e.g., Bleuler, Jaspers, Aulagnier, Grivois) is analyzed to illustrate how delusions may operate as narrative forms of psychic containment and organization.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The analysis suggests that delusions function less as flawed beliefs and more as emergent narrative structures aimed at containing and giving meaning to overwhelming, often non-symbolized, experiences. They offer a framework to mitigate disintegration by transforming diffuse, affect-laden material into structured discourse. For instance, delusions of persecution may serve to historicize depersonalization and existential terror. Yet delusions remain paradoxical: while they employ representational logic, they are not metaphorical for the patient—they are lived realities. This ambiguity reflects a breakdown in the symbolization process and a fusion of primary (sensory-affective) and secondary (discursive) representational levels.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Delusional discourse resists simple classification. It is marked by undecidability: the patient simultaneously recognizes and denies its representational nature. Rather than functioning as metaphors, delusions impose a direct, literalized form of expression. The result is a hybrid construct","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":"184 2","pages":"Pages 93-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146122723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La hiérarchie, une « base de sécurité » : validation française préliminaire de l’Échelle de la Sécurité Fournie par le Manager","authors":"Raphaëlle Postic , Mathilde Moisseron-Baudé , Charles Martin-Krumm","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2025.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2025.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing level of burnout in France, which reached 34% in 2022, led us to investigate the role that managers’ ability to give security to their employees plays in this issue. To do so, we aimed to validate the Leader as Security Provider Scale (LSPS) in a French context. This scale measures how secure employees feel under their leader's guidance, linking managerial behaviours with employees’ feeling of security. The translation was conducted in compliance with the standards set out in ISO 17100:2015 and the recommendations issued by the International Test Commission, to ensure not only the quality of the translation but also its accuracy. These guidelines guaranteed that the translated scale would remain reliable and comparable to the original. To assess its validity, we tested it on a sample of 160 French workers, who had the same manager at least for one full year. We also combined it with two other established scales: the empowering leadership scale and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). The first one was used to establish concurrent validity, because empowerment is a security providing managerial behaviour and it's the closest existing French scale. Meanwhile, the MBI helped us examine the relationship between security provided by the manager and employees’ burnout levels. As it has been used in studies also using the empowerment leadership scale, it was the obvious choice for us, among the large existing number of burnout scales. For our statistical analysis, we reproduced the approach of the original LSPS study, but using R software due to its flexibility. Our results confirmed that the French version of the LSPS has a solid unifactorial structure (R<sup>2</sup> <!-->=<!--> <!-->57%). This shows that the scale reliably measures a single concept: the managers’ ability to be a source of security for their employees. The scale also demonstrated excellent internal consistency, measured with the Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->.89). Furthermore, a robust positive correlation was identified between the LSPS and the empowering leadership scale, which provides evidence of good concurrent validity. Prior research has demonstrated that empowering leaders are capable of providing security for their followers through actions such as involving employees in decision-making processes and making way for autonomy. Finally, we observed a significant correlation between the security provided by managers and burnout levels among employees. More specifically, the regression analysis was negative, and strongly significative (β<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->−.24), indicating that employees who felt more secure with their managers experienced lower levels of burnout. This result highlights the key role that management plays in the prevention of burnout: managers who promote a sense of security can prevent burnout risk by reducing two of its factors: exhaustion and depersonalisation. All these findings allow us to validate the French","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":"184 2","pages":"Pages 148-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146122578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation de l’ECR-R-16F : version française courte de l’Experience in Close Relationships Revised (ECR-R)","authors":"Valentine Rattaz , Nicolas Favez , Nilo Puglisi , Sarah Cairo Notari , Hervé Tissot","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2025.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2025.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Romantic attachment is known to be associated with the individual's psychic functioning and psychopathology. Romantic attachment is underpinned by two dimensions: anxiety and avoidance. Anxiety is related to the fear of being abandoned or rejected by the partner, whereas avoidance is related to the avoidance of intimacy and dependency in relationships. Insecure attachment is characterized by high levels of anxiety or avoidance, whereas secure attachment is characterized by low levels on these two dimensions. Romantic attachment tendencies will guide the individuals’ behaviors in close relationships, especially the couple relationship, and insecure attachment tendencies are likely to cause difficulties in these relationships. The Experience in Close Relationships Revised (ECR-R) is a 36-item questionnaire widely used to assess the two dimensions of romantic attachment. However, the length of the ECR-R is often mentioned as a limitation for its use and shorter versions are therefore needed. Short versions of the ECR-R have been developed in various languages, but there is currently no short version in French.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The aim of the present study is to propose a short version of the ECR-R in French, the ECR-R-16F. This study details the item selection process and evaluates the psychometric properties of the ECR-R-16F in two independent samples.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>The validation of the ECR-R-16F has been conducted in two studies. In the first study, 16 items, 8 items per dimension (anxiety and avoidance), have been selected for the short version. The item selection was conducted based on the face validity of items, in order to ensure a representation of each of the main aspects of anxiety and avoidance attachment tendencies and to avoid redundancy among items. The psychometric properties have then been tested in a sample of 600 participants (300 women and 300 men). In the second study, the psychometric properties have been tested in a second sample of 174 participants (89 women and 85 men). Measurement invariance analyses regarding the respondent gender have been conducted to ensure that the scale can be used similarly in men and women. Finally, correlational analyses between the scores on the anxiety and avoidance dimensions and relationship satisfaction have been conducted to ensure the construct validity of the scale.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In both samples, confirmatory factorial analyses have shown that the ECR-R-16F is a valid tool to assess anxiety and avoidance dimensions of romantic attachment and has good psychometric properties. The analyses confirmed the two-factor structure of the questionnaire and showed a good reliability for both dimensions. Measurement invariance analyses have been conducted in the second sample and the metric invariance was achieved, showing an invariance of factor structure and item saturation according to respondent gender.","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":"184 2","pages":"Pages 154-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146122724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Les scénarios sociaux spécifiques en bandes dessinées (3S-BD) : un nouvel outil pour l’accompagnement à la compréhension socio-émotionnelle des personnes ayant un Trouble du Spectre de l’Autisme et un Handicap Intellectuel associé","authors":"Marina Filipova ,&nbsp;Jean-Louis Adrien","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2024.03.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2024.03.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Those who suffer from Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) whose developmental trajectory mobilizes heterogeneous and variable expression skills require structured, concrete, explicit and long-term support. To offset the socio-emotional, behavioral and sensory alterations that characterize this lifelong handicap, specific social scenarios constitute a specialized visual support for treatment. They clearly and explicitly represent scenes of social situations, enabling these individuals, depending on their actual age and level of understanding and cognitive development, to acquire necessary lifelong skills. The themes include social communication, socio-emotional regulation and expression, biological and psychological developmental stages linked to gender differences, and puberty, and they address sensory and sexual aspects at the start of adult life as well as personal and social skills related to autonomy. Structured and accompanied access to information that is transmitted through specific scenarios allows the person with ASD (1) to learn and develop a repertoire of social response strategies for different contexts, (2) to have concrete response strategies to deploy in autonomous situations a, (3) to prevent the appearance and establishment of “problem behaviors” related to erroneous beliefs and (4) to propose alternative behavioral responses to “prohibited behaviors”. The second objective is to improve the quality of life of the person with ASD and to promote their development within their life-long social group. Having a concrete learning experience and establishing a positive spiral of experiences that reinforce self-confidence, the person with Autism Spectrum Disorder will be effectively supported in their socio-emotional development. A large number of people with ASD lack a solid understanding of a set of social, biological, bodily, sensory and developmental concepts and criteria which leads to maladaptive behaviors in society which hinders emotional and relational functioning to the point of increasing in some cases the sense of stress, anxiety and guilt. In addition, the lack of knowledge and concrete representations as well as the absence of appropriate responses to the questions brought about by natural curiosity and pubertal development, regardless of the cognitive functioning of the person with ASD, can lead to the elaboration of a set of auto- and hetero-aggressive behaviors. The structured intervention applied to the person with autism, but also to any person with other neurodevelopmental disorders, can ensure the benefit of a serene socio-emotional development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":"184 2","pages":"Pages 79-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146122721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facteurs influençant le recours aux soignants chez l’adolescent en détresse psychique : une étude participative en méthode mixte","authors":"Kevin-Marc Valery ,&nbsp;Manon Laumier ,&nbsp;Julien Bonilla-Guerrero ,&nbsp;Meryl Caiada ,&nbsp;Jean-Marc Destaillats ,&nbsp;Simon Felix ,&nbsp;Thomas Fournier ,&nbsp;Sarah Guionnet ,&nbsp;Emma Tison ,&nbsp;Louis Violeau ,&nbsp;Antoinette Prouteau","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2024.12.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2024.12.009","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Context&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Many adolescents report experiencing psychological distress, yet only a small percentage seek professional help. This discrepancy has significant implications, as delayed help-seeking can exacerbate issues such as social exclusion, academic struggles, and risky behaviors.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objectives&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The study aimed to: (1) Identify factors influencing professional help-seeking behaviors among adolescents with psychological distress; (2) Evaluate the perceived importance of these factors from adolescents’ perspectives. (3) Determine socio-demographic predictors of barriers to help-seeking.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This mixed-method study was conducted in two stages. In the first phase, participatory qualitative workshops were held with adolescents to generate a list of factors influencing help-seeking behaviors. These factors were then integrated into a quantitative survey disseminated among 210 high school students from a private urban school. The survey included: (1) A rating scale for the influence of 13 identified factors (e.g., parental support, societal judgment, autonomy needs); (2) Socio-demographic questions to identify potential predictors of obstacles to seeking help. The analysis employed descriptive statistics and linear regression to explore patterns and predictors.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The study identified 13 factors influencing help-seeking behaviors, such as: (1) Social and relational factors: Parental support, peer support, and confidentiality were the strongest encouraging factors. For example, 98% of participants reported parental support as a motivator for seeking professional help. (2) Mental health knowledge and attitudes: Knowledge of mental health and perceived utility of care were moderate motivators, though stigma and lack of confidence in health services remained barriers for some. (3) Individual psychological factors: Autonomy, self-esteem, and past experiences with mental health care presented mixed results, often acting as barriers. Socio-demographic predictors, such as gender, age, and proximity to mental health professionals, did not significantly correlate with barriers to help-seeking.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Discussion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The findings align with existing literature, emphasizing the importance of stigma, social support, and mental health literacy. Interventions should focus on: (1) Reducing stigma and promoting mental health literacy.; (2) Enhancing adolescents’ autonomy and self-esteem; (3) Ensuring confidentiality in professional settings.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Limitations&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The sample was drawn from a private urban school, potentially limiting generalizability. Future research should explore diverse populations and employ implicit measures to minimize social desirability bias.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study underscores the complexity of help-seeking behaviors in adolescents, highlighting actionable factors to guide int","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":"184 1","pages":"Pages 4-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145996432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ego (moi) and Underego (sous-moi): Freud versus Surbled","authors":"Marion Hendrickx ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Drouin","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2025.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2025.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Georges Surbled (1855–1913), physician, remains largely forgotten today, despite developing the concept of the “sous-moi”, a concept that could have enriched Freudian theory in suggesting a more fluid and less conflictual relationship between conscious and unconscious processes. In this article, we define the surbled underego in the light of Freud's theories. In the 1920s, Freud (1856–1939) began by demonstrating that the first model of dividing the psyche into unconscious, preconscious, and conscious (first topic) was no longer sufficient to account for psychic functioning. As a result, he introduced the second topic: a new division of the psyche into three instances, the ego (le moi), the id (le ça) and the underego (sur-moi). At the same time, Georges Surbled (1855–1913), a French physician, was developing his own theory. According to Surbled, the clear-cut division between conscious and subconscious in this topic was not acceptable because, as he states, nature does not make a leap nor hiatus. Thus, between full consciousness and subconsciousness, there are many degrees, imperceptible transitions that must be quantified. Surbled remains largely forgotten today, despite developing the concept of the “sous-moi”, a concept that could have enriched Freudian theory in suggesting a more fluid and less conflictual relationship between conscious and unconscious processes. The objective of this article is to explore the theories of Freud and Surbled, in order to compare them, and analyse their development. It appears to us that the concept of the “underego” offers valuable insights for the contemporary psychoanalyst, in particular casting light on relational model theories that emphasize the fluid boundaries of the life of the psyche. Freud sometimes cites Surbled's works, but it is likely that he only became aware of this underego (described by Surbled) at the end of his life. It lays the groundwork for a future exploration of the concept of the “sous-moi” (underego) from a Freudian perspective, using Surbled's work and modern developments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":"184 1","pages":"Pages 72-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145996383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}