Molecular pathology : MP最新文献

{"title":"A novel polymerase chain reaction assay to detect Mycoplasma genitalium.","authors":"K Eastick,&nbsp;J P Leeming,&nbsp;E O Caul,&nbsp;P J Horner,&nbsp;M R Millar","doi":"10.1136/mp.56.1.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/mp.56.1.25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To design and validate a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting the 16S rRNA gene of Mycoplasma genitalium.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Primers were designed that were complementary to the 16S rRNA gene sequence of M genitalium. After optimisation of the reaction conditions, the PCR was tested against nine M genitalium strains, a dilution series of M genitalium DNA, and a panel of common microorganisms. The PCR was also challenged in parallel with a published assay against 54 urine specimens from men with urethritis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The expected 341 bp product was produced on amplification of material from all M genitalium strains and from none of the other microorganisms tested. The lower limit of detection was 50 genome copies. The new assay detected M genitalium DNA in nine of 54 men with urethritis, in comparison with eight positive specimens detected with the alternative PCR.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This novel PCR targeting the M genitalium 16S rRNA gene has been optimised and now provides a sensitive and specific alternative or addition to the available MgPa gene targeting assays.</p>","PeriodicalId":79512,"journal":{"name":"Molecular pathology : MP","volume":"56 1","pages":"25-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/mp.56.1.25","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22221904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glutathione in gingival crevicular fluid and its relation to local antioxidant capacity in periodontal health and disease.","authors":"I L C Chapple,&nbsp;G Brock,&nbsp;C Eftimiadi,&nbsp;J B Matthews","doi":"10.1136/mp.55.6.367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/mp.55.6.367","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To determine possible changes in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) antioxidant defence in chronic adult periodontal disease and to investigate the nature of the local radical scavenging mechanisms, with particular reference to glutathione.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>GCF and plasma were collected from patients with chronic periodontitis and age and sex matched control subjects (n = 10). Polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNLs) were prepared and gingival epithelial cells (GECs) were collected by conventional methods from periodontally healthy subjects. PMNL were stimulated with F-Met-Leu-Phe after cytochalasin B treatment. Enhanced chemiluminescence was used to determine the total antioxidant capacity and to investigate the activity of cell fractions and reducing agents. GCF concentrations of reduced (GSH) and oxidised (GSSG) glutathione were determined by high performance liquid chromatography.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Plasma and GCF from patients contained lower mean (SD) total antioxidant capacity (501.8 (123) micro M Teq/litre and 658.3 (392) micro M Teq/litre, respectively) compared with controls (577.9 (99.8) and 1351.5 (861) micro M Teq/litre, respectively). Antioxidant light recovery profiles for GCF demonstrated a stepped response, not seen in plasma, which was inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide. This response was also detected in the cytosolic fraction of GEC and anaerobically stimulated PMNL. Similar antioxidant profiles, inhibitable by N-ethylmaleimide, were obtained with cysteamine, cysteine, and GSH. Control GCF contained high mean (SD) concentrations of glutathione (GSH, 1899.8 (494.4) micro M; GSSG, 256.8 (152.4) micro M). GCF from patients with periodontitis contained significantly lower amounts of GSH (mean, 1183.1; SD, 580.3 micro M) and GSSG (mean, 150.1; SD, 44.9 micro M).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>GSH values and total antioxidant capacity are reduced in chronic periodontal disease. The high concentrations of GSH present in GCF in health are similar to those found extracellularly in the lung and may represent an important antioxidant and anti-inflammatory defence strategy common to exposed epithelial surfaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":79512,"journal":{"name":"Molecular pathology : MP","volume":"55 6","pages":"367-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/mp.55.6.367","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22134359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of paediatric osteosarcomas by classic cytogenetic and CGH analyses.","authors":"J R Batanian,&nbsp;L R Cavalli,&nbsp;N M Aldosari,&nbsp;E Ma,&nbsp;C Sotelo-Avila,&nbsp;M B Ramos,&nbsp;J D Rone,&nbsp;C M Thorpe,&nbsp;B R Haddad","doi":"10.1136/mp.55.6.389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/mp.55.6.389","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Classic cytogenetic and comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH) data on osteosarcomas have been reported extensively in the literature. However, the number of paediatric osteosarcoma cases studied below the age of 14 years remains relatively small. This study reports four new cases of paediatric osteosarcoma in patients aged 3 to 13 years, evaluated by classic cytogenetics and CGH analyses. Clonal chromosomal alterations were detected in all the cases and included structural rearrangements at 1p11-13, 1q11, 4q27-33, 6p23-25, 6q16-25, 7p13-22, 7q11-36, 11p10-15, 11q23, 17p11.2-13, 21p11, and 21q11-22. The CGH analysis revealed recurrent gains at 1p, 4q, 17p, and 21q and losses at 3q and 16p. Five amplification sites were observed at 1q11-23, 6p21, 8q13, 8q21.3-24.2, and 17p. The data are discussed and compared with other cytogenetic reports in the literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":79512,"journal":{"name":"Molecular pathology : MP","volume":"55 6","pages":"389-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/mp.55.6.389","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22134361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The expression of ADAM12 (meltrin alpha) in human giant cell tumours of bone.","authors":"B L Tian,&nbsp;J M Wen,&nbsp;M Zhang,&nbsp;D Xie,&nbsp;R B Xu,&nbsp;C J Luo","doi":"10.1136/mp.55.6.394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/mp.55.6.394","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To examine the expression of ADAM12 (meltrin alpha), a member of the disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) family, in human giant cell tumours of the bone, skeletal muscle tissue from human embryos, and human adult skeletal muscle tissue.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>ADAM12 mRNA was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridisation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ADAM12 mRNA was detected in 14 of the 20 giant cell tumours of bone and in three of the six tumour cell cultures. The expression of ADAM12 in cells cultured from the tumour was linked to the presence of multinucleated giant cells. ADAM12 mRNA could not be detected in the five adult skeletal muscle tissue samples, although it was found in the two embryonic skeletal muscle tissue samples. ADAM12 mRNA was localised to the cytoplasm of multinucleated giant cells and some mononuclear stromal cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results indicate that multinucleated giant cells are formed by the cell fusion of mononuclear stromal cells in giant cell tumours of bone and that ADAM12 is involved in the cell fusion process.</p>","PeriodicalId":79512,"journal":{"name":"Molecular pathology : MP","volume":"55 6","pages":"394-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/mp.55.6.394","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22134362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demystified... Molecular pathology in oncology.","authors":"J Crocker","doi":"10.1136/mp.55.6.337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/mp.55.6.337","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the past 10 years, molecular biology has found major applications in pathology, particularly in oncology. This has been a field of enormous expansion, where pure science has found a place in clinical practice and is now of everyday use in any academic unit. This demystified review will discuss the techniques used in molecular pathology and then provide examples of how these can be used in oncology.</p>","PeriodicalId":79512,"journal":{"name":"Molecular pathology : MP","volume":"55 6","pages":"337-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/mp.55.6.337","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22133855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demystified. Nitric oxide.","authors":"K Stuart-Smith","doi":"10.1136/mp.55.6.360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/mp.55.6.360","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The discovery of nitric oxide (NO) demonstrated that cells could communicate via the manufacture and local diffusion of an unstable lipid soluble molecule. Since the original demonstration of the vascular relaxant properties of endothelium derived NO, this fascinating molecule has been shown to have multiple, complex roles within many biological systems. This review cannot hope to cover all of the recent advances in NO biology, but seeks to place the discovery of NO in its historical context, and show how far our understanding has come in the past 20 years. The role of NO in mitochondrial respiration, and consequently in oxidative stress, is described in detail because these processes probably underline the importance of NO in the development of disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":79512,"journal":{"name":"Molecular pathology : MP","volume":"55 6","pages":"360-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/mp.55.6.360","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22133856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphoea and Borrelia burgdorferi: results from the Scottish Highlands in the context of the world literature.","authors":"J R Goodlad,&nbsp;M M Davidson,&nbsp;P Gordon,&nbsp;R Billington,&nbsp;D O Ho-Yen","doi":"10.1136/mp.55.6.374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/mp.55.6.374","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Previous studies investigating the link between infection with Borrelia burgdorferi and morphoea have produced conflicting results. Often, these studies have been undertaken in patients from different regions or countries, and using methods of varying sensitivity for detecting Borrelia burgdorferi infection. This study aimed to establish whether a relation could be demonstrated in the Highlands of Scotland, an area with endemic Lyme disease, with the use of a sensitive method for detecting the organism.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was performed on biopsies of lesional skin taken from 16 patients from the Highlands of Scotland with typical clinical features of morphoea. After histological confirmation of the diagnosis, a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers to a unique conserved region of the Borrelia burgdorferi flagellin gene was performed on DNA extracts from each biopsy. A literature search was also performed for comparable studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>None of the 16 patients had documented clinical evidence of previous infection with B burgdorferi. DNA was successfully extracted from 14 of the 16 cases but all of these were negative using PCR for B burgdorferi specific DNA, despite successful amplification of appropriate positive controls in every test. The results were compared with those of other documented studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Examination of the literature suggests that there is a strong geographical relation between B burgdorferi and morphoea. These results, in which no such association was found, indicate that morphoea may not be associated with the subspecies of B burgdorferi found in the Highlands of Scotland.</p>","PeriodicalId":79512,"journal":{"name":"Molecular pathology : MP","volume":"55 6","pages":"374-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/mp.55.6.374","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22134360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Angiogenesis in epithelian ovarian cancer.","authors":"E S Bamberger,&nbsp;C W Perrett","doi":"10.1136/mp.55.6.348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/mp.55.6.348","url":null,"abstract":"Angiogenesis, the development of new blood vessels from the existing vasculature, is an essential component of solid tumour growth and metastasis. Several angiogenic factors are expressed by many tumours, suggesting that tumours promote their own vascularisation by activating the host endothelium. This review will discuss various angiogenic stimulators and inhibitors in epithelian ovarian cancer (EOC), including vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet derived endothelial cell growth factor/thymidine phosphorylase. The analysis of tumour vascularisation by microvessel density will also be discussed and the relevance of these markers of angiogenesis in the prognosis of EOC will be assessed.","PeriodicalId":79512,"journal":{"name":"Molecular pathology : MP","volume":"55 6","pages":"348-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/mp.55.6.348","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22133857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies for PCR based detection of Burkholderia pseudomallei DNA in paraffin wax embedded tissues.","authors":"R M Hagen,&nbsp;Y P Gauthier,&nbsp;L D Sprague,&nbsp;D R Vidal,&nbsp;G Zysk,&nbsp;E-J Finke,&nbsp;H Neubauer","doi":"10.1136/mp.55.6.398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/mp.55.6.398","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recently, several cases of melioidosis imported to Europe have been reported. The diagnosis of the acute or chronic infection remains challenging. This report describes an optimised protocol for fast and reliable DNA preparation for use in two different polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, namely: (1) a seminested PCR assay targeting a genus specific sequence of the ribosomal protein subunit 21 (rpsU) gene and (2) a nested PCR assay targeting the gene encoding the filament forming flagellin (fliC). Various strains of Burkholderia spp, strains of closely related genera, and spleen tissue samples of experimentally infected mice were investigated. The combination of PCR and sequencing of the amplicons resulted in high sensitivity and specificity. These procedures may allow rapid, sensitive, and reliable detection of B pseudomallei DNA in routinely formalin fixed and paraffin wax embedded samples, thus providing a safe diagnostic tool and avoiding the cultivation of a risk group 3 agent. In addition, this method could be useful for retrospective histopathological investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":79512,"journal":{"name":"Molecular pathology : MP","volume":"55 6","pages":"398-400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/mp.55.6.398","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22134363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sonic hedgehog expression correlates with fundic gland differentiation in the adult gastrointestinal tract","authors":"G. R. Brink, J. C. Hardwick, Corinne M. Nielsen, Cui-Ping Xu, F. J. W. T. Kate, Jonathan N. Glickman, S. V. Deventer, Drucilla J. Roberts, M. Peppelenbosch","doi":"10.1136/mp.56.3.150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/mp.56.3.150","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is an important endodermal morphogenetic signal during the development of the vertebrate gut. It controls gastrointestinal patterning in general, and gastric gland formation in particular. We have previously shown that Shh regulates gastric gland proliferation in the adult but detailed analysis of its expression along the adult gastrointestinal tract has never been undertaken. We therefore studied Shh expression along the normal human and rodent adult gastrointestinal tract as well as in intestinal metaplasia of the stomach, gastric and intestinal metaplasia of the oesophagus, and gastric heterotopia in Meckel’s diverticulum. Methods: The studies were performed with in situ hybridisation and by immunohistochemistry using an antibody that recognises the Shh precursor form. Results: We found that in the normal gastrointestinal tract, high levels of Shh were expressed in the fundic glands of the stomach. Shh expression was also found in fundic gland metaplasia and heterotopia. However, Shh expression was lost in intestinal metaplasia of the stomach. Conclusion: We found a strong correlation between Shh expression and fundic gland differentiation. Our current study therefore provides evidence that in addition to its role in gastric epithelial development, Shh plays a unique role in gastric epithelial differentiation in adults.","PeriodicalId":79512,"journal":{"name":"Molecular pathology : MP","volume":"56 1","pages":"150 - 155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64433599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}