The Science of Nature最新文献_第4页

Diverse growth rates in Triassic archosaurs—insights from a small terrestrial Middle Triassic pseudosuchian 三叠纪古龙的不同生长速度--来自三叠纪中期小型陆生伪蜥的启示。

IF 2.1 3区生物学

The Science of Nature Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-024-01918-4

Nicole Klein

{"title":"Diverse growth rates in Triassic archosaurs—insights from a small terrestrial Middle Triassic pseudosuchian","authors":"Nicole Klein","doi":"10.1007/s00114-024-01918-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00114-024-01918-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The small pseudosuchian Benggwigwishingasuchus eremacarminis was found in Anisian (Middle Triassic) marine sediments. Neither the skeleton nor osteohistology or microanatomy shows any secondary aquatic adaptations, and a dominantly terrestrial lifestyle of this new taxon is evident. Bone tissue consists of a scaffold of parallel-fibered matrix, which is moderately vascularized by small, mainly longitudinal primary osteons. The innermost cortex is less densely vascularized and more highly organized. No parts of the cortex contain any woven bone. The cortex is regularly stratified by annual growth marks. Bone tissue and growth pattern indicate an adult individual that has had slow growth rates throughout its ontogeny. Tissue type, slow growth rate, and inferred low resting metabolic rate of Benggwigwishingasuchus are similar to that of crocodylomorphs but differ from that of Sillosuchus and Effigia, poposaurids to which Benggwigwishingasuchus is related based on phylogenetic analyses. However, according to current knowledge, growth rates in early archosaurs are more likely influenced by body size and environment than by phylogeny. Benggwigwishingasuchus is thus another example of unpredictable variability in growth rates within Triassic archosaurs.</div>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"111 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11239758/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141578662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Antifungal capabilities of gut microbial communities of three dung beetle species (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) 三种蜣螂（Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae）肠道微生物群落的抗真菌能力。

IF 2.1 3区生物学

The Science of Nature Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-024-01923-7

Alberto Jácome-Hernández, Damaris Desgarennes, Roger Guevara, José Luis Olivares-Romero, Mario E. Favila

{"title":"Antifungal capabilities of gut microbial communities of three dung beetle species (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)","authors":"Alberto Jácome-Hernández, Damaris Desgarennes, Roger Guevara, José Luis Olivares-Romero, Mario E. Favila","doi":"10.1007/s00114-024-01923-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00114-024-01923-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Gut microbial communities are part of the regulatory array of various processes within their hosts, ranging from nutrition to pathogen control. Recent evidence shows that dung beetle’s gut microbial communities release substances with antifungal activity. Because of the enormous diversity of gut microorganisms in dung beetles, there is a possibility of discovering novel compounds with antifungal properties. We tested the antifungal activity mediated by gut microbial communities of female dung beetles against nine phytopathogenic fungi strains (Colletotrichum asianum-339, C. asianum-340, C. asianum-1, C. kahawae-390, C. karstii-358, C. siamense-220, Fusarium oxysporum-ATCC338, Nectria pseudotrichia-232, Verticillium zaelandica-22). Our tests included the gut microbial communities of three species of dung beetles: Canthon cyanellus (roller beetle), Digitonthophagus gazella (burrower beetle), and Onthophagus batesi (burrower beetle), and we followed the dual confrontation protocol, i.e., we challenged each fungal strain with the microbial communities of each species of beetles in Petri dishes containing culture medium. Our results showed that gut microbial communities of the three dung beetle species exhibit antifungal activity against at least seven of the nine phytopathogenic fungal strains. The gut microbial communities of Onthophagus batesi significantly decreased the mycelial growth of the nine phytopathogenic fungi strains; the gut microbial communities of Canthon cyanellus and Digitonthophagus gazella significantly reduced the mycelial growth of seven strains. These results provide a basis for investigating novel antifungal substances within gut microbial communities of dung beetles.</div>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"111 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141475656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigating the reproductive strategies of Deuterocohnia meziana (Bromeliaceae), an endangered and restricted species from South American rocky outcrops 调查南美洲岩石露头的濒危限制物种 Deuterocohnia meziana（Bromeliaceae）的繁殖策略。

IF 2.1 3区生物学

The Science of Nature Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-024-01924-6

Kelly C. R. Arruda, Maurício Lenzi, Adriana Takahasi, Gecele M. Paggi

{"title":"Investigating the reproductive strategies of Deuterocohnia meziana (Bromeliaceae), an endangered and restricted species from South American rocky outcrops","authors":"Kelly C. R. Arruda, Maurício Lenzi, Adriana Takahasi, Gecele M. Paggi","doi":"10.1007/s00114-024-01924-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00114-024-01924-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Studies of reproductive biology and resources availability to floral visitors by plant species are important to understand the plant-pollinator interactions that drive species adaptation. We aim to understand the relationship between reproduction mechanisms of Deuterocohnia meziana (Bromeliaceae) and pollinators. The species occurs in Bolivia and Paraguay, and it is the only species of the genus found in Brazil, where it is restricted to ironstone outcrops. These areas are currently threatened by the iron mining industry. Additionally, they face risks from fire occurrence and grazing by cattle. We analyzed the floral biology, reproductive system, phenology, and pollination ecology of a natural population of Deuterocohnia meziana, from ironstone outcrops in Brazil. The species exhibits diurnal anthesis, with stigma receptive throughout anthesis, and 77% of pollen viability. Deuterocohnia meziana produces relatively large amounts of nectar, especially early in the morning (32.8 ± 9.4 μl), with a mean sugar concentration of 23.5 (± 3.2) ºBrix. It is self-incompatible with a peak flowering occurring in August (dry season), although flowers are observed continuously throughout the year. The species exhibits two types of inflorescences, young and mature, among which an average of 13.1 and 3.6 flowers open per day, respectively. Hummingbirds and bees are the effective pollinators, although butterflies and ants also visit D. meziana flowers. The species is reliant on exogenous pollen and pollinators for fruit set. The continuous conservation of D. meziana populations and their communities is essential for preserving plant-pollinator mutualism and the floral community adapted to ironstone outcrops.</div>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"111 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141475657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The long proboscis of the aphid Stomaphis yanonis (Aphididae Lachninae) is advantageous for avoiding predation by tending ants 蚜虫 Stomaphis yanonis（蚜科 Lachninae）的长触角有利于躲避蚂蚁的捕食。

IF 2.1 3区生物学

The Science of Nature Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-024-01922-8

Takumi Matsuura, Shunsuke Nakamura, Tetsuya Yamamoto, Tsubasa Toji, Takao Itino

引用次数: 0

Wetland butterfly thriving in abandoned jungle: Neptis rivularis in the Czech Republic 湿地蝴蝶在废弃丛林中茁壮成长：捷克共和国的 Neptis rivularis。

IF 2.1 3区生物学

The Science of Nature Pub Date : 2024-06-24 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-024-01921-9

Moritz Maletzki, Gaurab Nandi Das, Klara Hajkova, Pavlina Kovarova, Michal Perlik, Claudio Sbaraglia, Lukas Spitzer, Alena Suchackova Bartonova, Pavel Vrba, Zdenek Faltynek Fric, Martin Konvicka

{"title":"Wetland butterfly thriving in abandoned jungle: Neptis rivularis in the Czech Republic","authors":"Moritz Maletzki, Gaurab Nandi Das, Klara Hajkova, Pavlina Kovarova, Michal Perlik, Claudio Sbaraglia, Lukas Spitzer, Alena Suchackova Bartonova, Pavel Vrba, Zdenek Faltynek Fric, Martin Konvicka","doi":"10.1007/s00114-024-01921-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00114-024-01921-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div>With ongoing insect declines, species expanding in distribution and abundance deserve attention, as understanding their success may help design conservation strategies for less successful species. Common causes of these successes include warmer climates, novel resources, and exploiting land use change, including land abandonment. These factors affect the nymphalid butterfly Neptis rivularis, developing on Spiraea spp. shrubs and reaching the north-western limits of its trans-Palearctic distribution in Central Europe. We combined mark-recapture, behaviour analysis, and distribution modelling to study N. rivularis in wetlands of the Třeboňsko Protected Landscape (IUCN category V). The long-living adults (up to 4 weeks) spent a considerable amount of time searching for partners, ovipositing and nectaring at Spiraea shrubs, alternating this with stays in tree crowns, where they located cool shelters, spent nights, and presumably fed on honeydew. They formed high-density populations (310 adults/ha), exploiting high host plant abundance. They adhered to floodplains and to conditions of relatively mild winters. The ongoing Spiraea encroachment of abandoned alluvial grasslands is, thus, a transient situation, ultimately followed by forest encroachment. Rewilding the habitats by introducing native ungulates presents an opportunity to restore the disturbance regime of the sites. The increased resource supply combined with a warming climate has opened up temperate Europe to colonization by N. rivularis.</div>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"111 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141441946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

With the dead under the mat: the zombie ant extended phenotype under a new perspective 垫子下的死者：新视角下的僵尸蚂蚁扩展表型。

IF 2.1 3区生物学

The Science of Nature Pub Date : 2024-06-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-024-01920-w

Fernando Sarti Andriolli, José Aragão Cardoso Neto, José Wellington de Morais, Fabricio Beggiato Baccaro

{"title":"With the dead under the mat: the zombie ant extended phenotype under a new perspective","authors":"Fernando Sarti Andriolli, José Aragão Cardoso Neto, José Wellington de Morais, Fabricio Beggiato Baccaro","doi":"10.1007/s00114-024-01920-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00114-024-01920-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Some parasitic fungi can increase fitness by modifying the behavior of their hosts. These behaviors are known as extended phenotypes because they favor parasitic gene propagation. Here, we studied three lineages of Ophiocordyceps, a fungus that infects ants, altering their conduct before death. According to fungal strategy, ants may die in leaf litter, with entwined legs in branches, under the moss mat, or biting plant tissue. It is critical for parasites that the corpses stay at these places because Ophiocordyceps exhibit iteroparity, possibly releasing spores in multiple life cycles. Thus, we assumed substrate cadaver permanence as a fungi reproductive proxy and corpse height as a proxy of cadaver removal. We hypothesize that biting vegetation and dying in higher places may increase the permanence of ant corpses while avoiding possible corpse predation on the forest floor. We monitored over a year more than 4000 zombie ants in approximately 15 km2 of undisturbed tropical forest in central Amazonia. Our results show a longer permanence of corpses with increasing ground height, suggesting that the parasites may have better chances of releasing spores and infecting new hosts at these places. We found that the zombie ants that last longer on the substrate die under the moss mat in tree trunks, not necessarily biting vegetation. The biting behavior appears to be the most derived and complex mechanism among Ophiocordyceps syndromes. Our results put these findings under a new perspective, proposing that seemingly less complex behavioral changes are ecologically equivalent and adaptative for other parasite lineages.</div>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"111 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141431075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How to train your dragon: absolute conditioning in larval dragonflies 如何训练你的龙：蜻蜓幼虫的绝对调节。

IF 2.1 3区生物学

The Science of Nature Pub Date : 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-024-01919-3

Tatiene M. Zenni, Amanda Z. Crivelaro, Gabrielle C. Pestana, Rhainer Guillermo-Ferreira

引用次数: 0

Polyandry may mitigate the negative impact of reproductive interference among bumblebees in Japan 多雄性繁殖可能会减轻日本熊蜂繁殖干扰的负面影响。

IF 2.1 3区生物学

The Science of Nature Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-024-01917-5

Fumina Inokuchi, Maki N. Inoue, Yuya Kanbe, Masaaki Ito, Jun-ichi Takahashi, Tetsuro Nomura, Koichi Goka, Koji Tsuchida

{"title":"Polyandry may mitigate the negative impact of reproductive interference among bumblebees in Japan","authors":"Fumina Inokuchi, Maki N. Inoue, Yuya Kanbe, Masaaki Ito, Jun-ichi Takahashi, Tetsuro Nomura, Koichi Goka, Koji Tsuchida","doi":"10.1007/s00114-024-01917-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00114-024-01917-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div>In social hymenopterans, monandry of the queen is an ancestral trait, and polyandry is a derived trait. Polyandry of the queen is the norm in a limited number of lineages, such as honeybees, leaf-cutting ants, Pogonomyrmex ants, and Vespula wasps, which presumably provide fitness advantages for the whole colony. The queen of the introduced bumblebee, Bombus terrestris, is polyandrous in Japan, whereas it is monandrous in native regions. We hypothesize that polyandry can evolve in a process that avoids the negative impacts of reproductive interference caused by interspecific mating and conducted genetic studies of the invasive species B. terrestris and two native subspecies, Bombus hypocrita sapporoensis and Bombus hypocrita hypocrita, in Japan. Our results revealed that although the native queens of B. hypocrita hypocrita allopatric with B. terrestris were strictly monandrous, the native queens of B. hypocrita sapporoensis sympatric with B. terrestris were polyandrous. These results suggested that the queens of native B. hypocrita sapporoensis do not experience negative impacts on interspecific mating from the invasive B. terrestris. We discuss the possibility that reproductive interference is a driving force in selection for multiple mating through an arms race between sympatric species.</div>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"111 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11116251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141079633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Carrion insects living within the bones of large mammals: insect conservation and forensic entomology implications 生活在大型哺乳动物骨骼中的腐生昆虫：昆虫保护和法医昆虫学的意义。

IF 2.1 3区生物学

The Science of Nature Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-024-01916-6

Clément Beaumont, Flavien Cabon, Corentin Larquier, Frédéric Azémar, Yves Braet, Laurent Pelozuelo

{"title":"Carrion insects living within the bones of large mammals: insect conservation and forensic entomology implications","authors":"Clément Beaumont, Flavien Cabon, Corentin Larquier, Frédéric Azémar, Yves Braet, Laurent Pelozuelo","doi":"10.1007/s00114-024-01916-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00114-024-01916-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Succession patterns of carrion insects on large mammal’s carrion has been widely studied, notably to estimate the post-mortem interval in forensic investigations as accurately as possible. However, little attention has been paid to the carrion insects living inside these bones once a carcass is skeletonized. One very recent study documented flies emerging from pig carcasses, and only scarce authors reported the presence of other carrion insects taking advantage of the bone marrow. We, thus, aimed to (1) estimate the frequency of inner-bone space colonization by carrion insects, with particular attention to bone-skipper flies; (2) identify the insects living inside the carrion bones; and (3) determine whether or not carrion insects found within the bones can successfully exit the bones and complete their development. We extensively sampled 185 large mammals’ bones collected from twelve vulture feeding stations and four isolated carcasses in southwest France and northern Spain. Sampled bones were opened, and the insects found inside were identified. For two bones, foramen, i.e., the holes providing a natural entrance and exit to the bone’s inner cavity, was monitored with a camera to assess the insect’s putative exit. We describe the entomofauna, i.e., the set of insect species, living within the bones, and illustrate insects’ ability to exit the bones for their subsequent development and maturity. These results are discussed in the framework of carrion insect conservation and forensic entomology perspectives.</div>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"111 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140955684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Using your head — cranial steering in pterosaurs 用你的头--翼龙的颅骨转向。

IF 2.1 3区生物学

The Science of Nature Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-024-01915-7

Donald M. Henderson

{"title":"Using your head — cranial steering in pterosaurs","authors":"Donald M. Henderson","doi":"10.1007/s00114-024-01915-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00114-024-01915-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The vast majority of pterosaurs are characterized by relatively large, elongate heads that are often adorned with large, elaborate crests. Projecting out in front of the body, these large heads and any crests must have had an aerodynamic effect. The working hypothesis of the present study is that these oversized heads were used to control the left–right motions of the body during flight. Using digital models of eight non-pterodactyloids (“rhamphorhyncoids”) and ten pterodactyloids, the turning moments associated with the head + neck show a close and consistent correspondence with the rotational inertia of the whole body about a vertical axis in both groups, supporting the idea of a functional relationship. Turning moments come from calculating the lateral area of the head (plus any crests) and determining the associated lift (aerodynamic force) as a function of flight speed, with flight speeds being based on body mass. Rotational inertias were calculated from the three-dimensional mass distribution of the axial body, the limbs, and the flight membranes. The close correlation between turning moment and rotational inertia was used to revise the life restorations of two pterosaurs and to infer relatively lower flight speeds in another two.</div>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"111 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140852287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0