Critical reviews in neurosurgery : CR最新文献_第9页

Prognostic significance of telomerase in brain tumors 端粒酶在脑肿瘤中的预后意义

Critical reviews in neurosurgery : CR Pub Date : 1998-07-20 DOI: 10.1007/s003290050083

Grosso, Schiffer

引用次数: 2

To what extent has the pathophysiology of normal-pressure hydrocephalus been clarified? 常压脑积水的病理生理学在多大程度上得到了澄清?

Critical reviews in neurosurgery : CR Pub Date : 1998-07-20 DOI: 10.1007/s003290050082

Mori, Mima

{"title":"To what extent has the pathophysiology of normal-pressure hydrocephalus been clarified?","authors":"Mori, Mima","doi":"10.1007/s003290050082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s003290050082","url":null,"abstract":"The causes and pathophysiology of idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) still remain poorly understood. We reviewed the recent pertinent literature on NPH from the past 3 years (1994- 1996) in this journal [Crit Rev Neurosurg (1997) 7:263-275] and here review further manuscripts that appeared mainly in 1997. Recent investigations suggest that idiopathic NPH may be a primary cerebral parenchymal disease rather than a disorder of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) absorption. The pathophysiology of idiopathic NPH has a wide spectrum ranging from purely hydrodynamic problems owing to a CSF absorption defect to parenchymal changes caused by hemodynamic problems owing to ischemic vascular risk factors. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of NPH frequently shows ischemic vas-cular encephalopathy. NPH may coexist with subcortical white matter vascular encephalopathy, because Binswanger's encephalopathy and idiopathic NPH share common clinical symptoms. Most patients with suspected NPH may suffer from both problems. Because of MRI findings of suspected NPH, ischemic parenchymal changes caused by vasculopathy have been receiving attention. Brain biopsy findings of suspected NPH suggest the presence of parenchymal changes caused by vasculopathy such as arteriosclerosis. Patients with brain biopsy findings of Alzheimer's disease may benefit from shunting. Pathological changes seen by brain biopsy are not specific for NPH. The information accumulated so far about NPH shows a wide clinical spectrum and multifactorial etiology. Therefore, patients with NPH are inhomogeneous, and this makes it difficult to diagnose and select patients for shunting.","PeriodicalId":79482,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in neurosurgery : CR","volume":"8 4","pages":"232-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s003290050082","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20600656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Society news 社会新闻

Critical reviews in neurosurgery : CR Pub Date : 1998-07-20 DOI: 10.1007/s003290050085

引用次数: 0

Recent advances in MR imaging: FLAIR imaging 磁共振成像的最新进展:FLAIR成像

Critical reviews in neurosurgery : CR Pub Date : 1998-05-13 DOI: 10.1007/s003290050076

Zimmerman

引用次数: 11

Letter: The correctness of neuropathological diagnoses in clinical practice 信:临床中神经病理诊断的正确性

Critical reviews in neurosurgery : CR Pub Date : 1998-05-13 DOI: 10.1007/s003290050072

Ojeda, Al Moutaery K

引用次数: 0

Fibrinolytic agents in the treatment of intraventricular hemorrhage in adults 纤溶剂治疗成人脑室内出血

Critical reviews in neurosurgery : CR Pub Date : 1998-05-13 DOI: 10.1007/s003290050074

Haines, Lapointe

{"title":"Fibrinolytic agents in the treatment of intraventricular hemorrhage in adults","authors":"Haines, Lapointe","doi":"10.1007/s003290050074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s003290050074","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to review current literature on the treatment of acute intraventricular hemorrhage in adults with intraventricular infusion of fibrinolytic agents. A literature search on the topics of \"intraventricular hemorrhage\" or \"intracerebral hemorrhage\" with \"thrombolytic therapy\", \"fibrinolytic therapy\", \"urokinase\", \"streptokinase\", \"tissue plasminogen activator\" or \"tPA\" covering the years 1966-1997 was carried out electronically. This was supplemented by searching the reference lists of the identified articles. Articles regarding exclusively intracerebral hemorrhage or hematoma, neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage, non-therapeutic issues, and laboratory research were excluded. The included articles are summarized in evidence and evaluation tables. Six articles evaluating the treatment of intraventricular hemorrhage in adults with intraventricular fibrinolytic agents were identified. One reports a small randomized clinical trial including 16 patients and appears to show a statistically insignificant preference for urokinase treatment. Five other reports present case series for which a total of 58 patients were exposed to either streptokinase, urokinase, or recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) and suggest good outcome. Two of them were with non-randomized retrospective or prospective controls, and three have no controls. Despite important limitations, all reports suggest that blood is more rapidly cleared from the ventricles and outcome is better when administering a fibrinolytic agent intraventricularly. While the experience presented in these papers suggests that intraventricular administration of fibrinolytic agents may be associated with fewer complications, more rapid clearing of blood from the ventricles, less late hydrocephalus, and better long-term outcome than is seen in patients treated with ventricular drainage alone, it is insufficient to recommend such treatment as a matter of policy. Substantial methodologic flaws render these findings suggestive at best. If the suggestive findings of these studies were confirmed in well-designed randomized clinical trials, an important impact on clinical practice could be expected.","PeriodicalId":79482,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in neurosurgery : CR","volume":"8 3","pages":"169-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s003290050074","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20497082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Various pathogenetic factors revolving around the central role of protein kinase C activation in the occurrence of cerebral vasospasm 多种致病因素围绕着蛋白激酶C激活在脑血管痉挛发生中的中心作用

Critical reviews in neurosurgery : CR Pub Date : 1998-05-13 DOI: 10.1007/s003290050075

Asano, Matsui

{"title":"Various pathogenetic factors revolving around the central role of protein kinase C activation in the occurrence of cerebral vasospasm","authors":"Asano, Matsui","doi":"10.1007/s003290050075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s003290050075","url":null,"abstract":"Accumulating evidence indicates that protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent, Ca2+-independent smooth muscle contraction plays the central role in the occurrence of chronic vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. As far as we know, the nitric oxide/ cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)/protein kinase G (PKG) system comprises the most efficacious inhibitory mechanism against the PKC-dependent contractile mechanism, and the myogenic tonus of normal cerebral arteries is thought to be maintained on the balance between these systems. Recent studies indicate that in spastic cerebral arteries, the rise in the intracellular diacylglycerol level causes PKC activation presumably owing to the overexpression of endothelin (ET)-1 as well as the generation of free radicals, whereas the cGMP level is inversely reduced owing to the inactivation of soluble guanylate cyclase through some as yet unknown mechanism. The resultant loss of balance between the two systems is considered to culminate in the occurrence of chronic vasospasm lasting for nearly 2 weeks. Based on the above concept, recent papers concerning the effects of reactive oxygen species on the arterial smooth muscle, alterations of various membrane ion channels, particularly of adenosine triphospate (ATP)-activated potassium channels in spastic arteries, the preventive effects of ET antagonists on vasospasm, and the causative role of ET-1 were reviewed in the present article. The roles of the above spasmogenic factors or mechanisms may be more clearly understood on the basis of the antagonistic interrelation between the PKC and the PKG systems, which exert diverse influences on the force-generating system as well as on its multifarious regulatory mechanisms in smooth muscle cells.","PeriodicalId":79482,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in neurosurgery : CR","volume":"8 3","pages":"176-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s003290050075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20497083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Intracranial cavernous malformations - natural history and management 颅内海绵状血管瘤的自然历史和处理

Critical reviews in neurosurgery : CR Pub Date : 1998-05-13 DOI: 10.1007/s003290050073

Dorsch, McMahon

{"title":"Intracranial cavernous malformations - natural history and management","authors":"Dorsch, McMahon","doi":"10.1007/s003290050073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s003290050073","url":null,"abstract":"Thirteen papers on different aspects of cerebral cavernomas are reviewed; interest in this condition has increased since magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) became widely available. The prevalence of cavernomas is uncertain, but they are the most common of the angiographically occult vascular malformations. Some are isolated occurrences, and some are familial, with a dominant inheritance. Screening with MRI of first-degree relatives is justified. The reported annual risk of haemorrhage varies widely and is probably between 1 and 3%, with a possible increase in risk after a first haemorrhage; the risk may also be higher in deep or brain stem cavernomas. Opinions on when surgery should be offered vary, with prophylactic surgery not usually recommended. After symptomatic haemorrhages, surgery may be more justified for easily accessible lesions. For those that are more difficult to approach safely, especially in the brain stem, operation is not usually recommended unless there has been at least one clinically significant haemorrhage. Epilepsy owing to hemisphere cavernomas can often be successfully managed medically, with surgery reserved for intractable seizures. In children with epilepsy, there is a stronger argument for surgery. Radiosurgery has been used for symptomatic cavernomas that are surgically inaccessible. Strong arguments have been advanced both for and against this treatment, and the risks probably outweigh the benefits. Suggestions for a randomised trial have been made.","PeriodicalId":79482,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in neurosurgery : CR","volume":"8 3","pages":"154-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s003290050073","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20497081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22

Treatment options for spasticity in children 儿童痉挛的治疗选择

Critical reviews in neurosurgery : CR Pub Date : 1998-05-13 DOI: 10.1007/s003290050077

Vassilyadi, Ventureyra

引用次数: 1

Recent advances in the surgical management of herniated thoracic discs 胸椎间盘突出症手术治疗的最新进展

Critical reviews in neurosurgery : CR Pub Date : 1998-04-01 DOI: 10.1007/S003290050063

G. Lot, B. George

引用次数: 2