Annals of periodontology最新文献

{"title":"Current Evidence Regarding Periodontal Disease as a Risk Factor in Preterm Birth","authors":"Marjorie K. Jeffcoat Dr.,&nbsp;Nico C. Geurs,&nbsp;Michael S. Reddy,&nbsp;Robert L. Goldenberg,&nbsp;John C. Hauth","doi":"10.1902/annals.2001.6.1.183","DOIUrl":"10.1902/annals.2001.6.1.183","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Preterm birth, resulting in babies born too little and too soon, is a major cause of morbidity. Evidence indicates that infections can be major risk factors in preterm birth. Case-control studies point to an association between periodontal infection and increased rates of preterm birth. This paper summarizes evidence to date and the strategies that ongoing intervention studies are using to answer the fundamental clinical question: can periodontal therapy reduce the risk of preterm birth? <i>Ann Periodontol 2001;6:183-188.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":79473,"journal":{"name":"Annals of periodontology","volume":"6 1","pages":"183-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1902/annals.2001.6.1.183","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68174921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship Between Infection, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Disease: An Overview","authors":"Gordon D.O. Lowe Dr.","doi":"10.1902/annals.2001.6.1.1","DOIUrl":"10.1902/annals.2001.6.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Atherosclerotic plaques were likened histologically to healing inflammatory lesions by Russell Ross, who proposed a “response to injury” hypothesis for their formation. More recently, intraplaque inflammation has been postulated to play a role in thinning of the fibrous cap, plaque rupture, and superadded thrombosis. Potential causes for vascular injury include mechanical stress, smoke exposure, hypercholesterolemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, and chronic infection (direct, or indirect). Blood levels of inflammatory markers (e.g., C-reactive protein [CRP]; serum amyloid A [SAA]; fibrinogen; plasma viscosity; erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR]; leukocyte count, low serum albumin) have been associated with vascular risk factors and with prevalent and incident atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) (coronary heart disease, [CHD]; stroke; and peripheral arterial disease). More recently, cytokines (e.g., interleukin-6 [IL-6]) and soluble adhesion molecules (e.g., intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) have been associated with both risk factors and disease; and offer potential therapeutic targets for nonspecific “anti-inflammatory” treatment of arterial disease. Infections associated with arterial disease include specific infections (Chlamydia pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori) and nonspecific infections (periodontal infections, respiratory tract infections). Recent meta-analyses have shown that associations of serum markers of C. pneumoniae and H. pylori with arterial disease, risk factors, or potential intermediary mechanisms for disease are weaker than was first suggested by early reports. Likewise, further studies and metaanalyses are required to evaluate the epidemiologic relationships of CVD to periodontal infection and disease and to chronic pulmonary infections and disease. The weaker the associations between chronic infections and CVD, the larger is the size of randomized controlled trials required to establish (or exclude) a preventive effect of infection treatment. While control of chronic infection in the mouth, stomach or lungs is appropriate for its local effects, proving its efficacy in prevention of CVD presents a continuing challenge to medical science. <i>Ann Periodontol 2001;6:1-8.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":79473,"journal":{"name":"Annals of periodontology","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1902/annals.2001.6.1.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68175047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Periodontitis and Prematurity. Part I: Obstetric Outcome of Prematurity and Growth Restriction","authors":"S. Offenbacher Dr.,&nbsp;S. Lieff,&nbsp;K.A. Boggess,&nbsp;A.P. Murtha,&nbsp;P.N. Madianos,&nbsp;C.M.E. Champagne,&nbsp;R.G. McKaig,&nbsp;H.L. Jared,&nbsp;S.M. Mauriello,&nbsp;R.L. Auten Jr.,&nbsp;W.N.P. Herbert,&nbsp;J.D. Beck","doi":"10.1902/annals.2001.6.1.164","DOIUrl":"10.1902/annals.2001.6.1.164","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Oral Conditions and Pregnancy (OCAP) is a 5-year prospective study of pregnant women designed to determine whether maternal periodontal disease contributes to the risk for prematurity and growth restriction in the presence of traditional obstetric risk factors. Full-mouth periodontal examinations were conducted at enrollment (prior to 26 weeks gestational age) and again within 48 hours postpartum to assess changes in periodontal status during pregnancy. Maternal periodontal disease status at antepartum, using a 3-level disease classification (health, mild, moderate-severe) as well as incident periodontal disease progression during pregnancy were used as measures of exposures for examining associations with the pregnancy outcomes of preterm birth by gestational age (GA) and birth weight (BW) adjusting for race, age, food stamp eligibility, marital status, previous preterm births, first birth, chorioamnionitis, bacterial vaginosis, and smoking. Interim data from the first 814 deliveries demonstrate that maternal periodontal disease at antepartum and incidence/progression of periodontal disease are significantly associated with a higher prevalence rate of preterm births, BW &lt;2,500g, and smaller birth weight for gestational age. For example, among periodontally healthy mothers the unadjusted prevalence of births of GA &lt;28 weeks was 1.1%. This was higher among mothers with mild periodontal disease (3.5%) and highest among mothers with moderate-severe periodontal disease (11.1%). The adjusted prevalence rates among GA outcomes were significantly different for mothers with mild periodontal disease (n = 566) and moderate-severe disease (n = 45) by pair-wise comparisons to the periodontally healthy reference group (n = 201) at P = 0.017 and P &lt;0.0001, respectively. A similar pattern was seen for increased prevalence of low birth weight deliveries among mothers with antepartum periodontal disease. For example, there were no births of BW &lt;1000g among periodontally healthy mothers, but the adjusted rate was 6.1% and 11.4% for mild and moderate-severe periodontal disease (P = 0.0006 and P &lt;0.0001), respectively. Periodontal disease incidence/progression during pregnancy was associated with significantly smaller births for gestational age adjusting for race, parity, and baby gender. In summary, the present study, although preliminary in nature, provides evidence that maternal periodontal disease and incident progression are significant contributors to obstetric risk for preterm delivery, low birth weight and low weight for gestational age. These studies underscore the need for further consideration of periodontal disease as a potentially new and modifiable risk for preterm birth and growth restriction. <i>Ann Periodontol 2001;6:164-174.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":79473,"journal":{"name":"Annals of periodontology","volume":"6 1","pages":"164-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1902/annals.2001.6.1.164","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68175183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Periodontal Diseases and Osteoporosis: Association and Mechanisms","authors":"Jean Wactawski-Wende Dr.","doi":"10.1902/annals.2001.6.1.197","DOIUrl":"10.1902/annals.2001.6.1.197","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There is increasing evidence that osteoporosis, and the underlying loss of bone mass characteristic of this disease, is associated with periodontal disease and tooth loss. Periodontitis has long been defined as an infection-mediated destruction of the alveolar bone and soft tissue attachment to the tooth, responsible for most tooth loss in adult populations. Current evidence including several prospective studies supports an association of osteoporosis with the onset and progression of periodontal disease in humans. The majority of studies have shown low bone mass to be independently associated with loss of alveolar crestal height and tooth loss. However studies that focus on the relation of clinical attachment loss and osteoporosis are less consistent. To date, the majority of studies on the relationship between periodontal disease and osteoporosis have been hindered by small sample sizes, limited control of other potential confounding factors, varying definitions of both periodontal disease and osteoporosis, and few prospective studies where the temporality of the association can be established. Potential mechanisms by which host factors may influence onset and progression of periodontal disease directly or indirectly include underlying low bone density in the oral cavity, bone loss as an inflammatory response to infection, genetic susceptibility, and shared exposure to risk factors. Systemic loss of bone density in osteoporosis, including that of the oral cavity, may provide a host system that is increasingly susceptible to infectious destruction of periodontal tissue. Studies have provided evidence that hormones, heredity, and other host factors influence periodontal disease incidence and severity. Both periodontal disease and osteoporosis are serious public-health concerns in the United States. Prevalence of both osteoporosis and tooth loss increase with advancing age in both women and men. Understanding the association between these common diseases and the mechanisms underlying those associations will aid health professionals to provide improved means to prevent, diagnose, and treat these very common diseases. This paper reviews the current evidence on the association between periodontal disease and osteoporosis. <i>Ann Periodontol 2001;6:197-208.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":79473,"journal":{"name":"Annals of periodontology","volume":"6 1","pages":"197-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1902/annals.2001.6.1.197","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68177926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship Between Infections and Chronic Respiratory Diseases: An Overview","authors":"Margaret S. Terpenning Dr.","doi":"10.1902/annals.2001.6.1.66","DOIUrl":"10.1902/annals.2001.6.1.66","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper's goal is to review the relationship between infections and chronic respiratory disease, with particular reference to periodontal disease. The link between oral diseases in general, periodontal disease, and respiratory disease remains somewhat controversial. However, with cooperation between dentistry and medicine, the nature of the connection between dental and medical pathology can be better defined. An overview of respiratory disease and some of the factors that can contribute to respiratory infection is presented below, with special reference to infections related to aspiration. <i>Ann Periodontol 2001;6:66-70.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":79473,"journal":{"name":"Annals of periodontology","volume":"6 1","pages":"66-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1902/annals.2001.6.1.66","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68178903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poster Session Abstracts: General Session","authors":"","doi":"10.1902/annals.2001.6.1.221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1902/annals.2001.6.1.221","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":79473,"journal":{"name":"Annals of periodontology","volume":"6 1","pages":"221-223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1902/annals.2001.6.1.221","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138022110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Research Center on Overall Survival Outcomes at Each Phase of Treatment","authors":"Harold F. Morris,&nbsp;Shigeru Ochi","doi":"10.1902/annals.2000.5.1.129","DOIUrl":"10.1902/annals.2000.5.1.129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Background:</b> Clinical studies of dental implants tend to fall into two broad categories. Efficacy studies apply strict exclusion criteria under carefully controlled conditions to produce a narrow range of results. Effectiveness studies more closely model real-world treatment environments, with a more diverse patient sample and broader range of provider skills. In this multi-center study of more than 2,900 dental implants, study centers were grouped by implant survival scores in an attempt to draw attention to the influence of confounding variables associated with the treatment environment.</p><p><b>Methods:</b> Thirty-two study centers were ranked by implant survival scores at uncovering and assigned to three performance groups. Centers whose overall scores were within approximately one standard deviation of the mean were placed in the middle (70%) performance group (MPG). The remaining centers were placed in either the top (15%) performance group (TPG) or the lower (15%) performance group (LPG). Overall survival and survival by phase of treatment were recorded for each of six implant designs in each of the three performance groups.</p><p><b>Results:</b> From implant placement to 36 months, the TPG achieved survival rates from 100% (for 3 designs) to 95.5% (for one design), with an average of 97% for all designs. Increased variations in survival (97.2% to 73%) occurred in the MPG, with larger variations (96.4% to 48%) in the LPG. The HA-coated cylinder recorded consistently high survival scores (over 95%) in all performance groups and all phases of treatment. Failures for other designs in the MPG and LPG were concentrated in the healing period (placement to uncovering), except for the commercially pure titanium screw, which had the most failures between uncovering and prosthesis loading.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> Implant design and treatment environment both play an important role in implant survival. Two design characteristics appear to enhance survival: 1) a surgical protocol involving minimal instrumentation at placement, and 2) hydroxyapatite (HA) coating. The HA-coated press-fit cylinder design was the least affected by the center's performance. <i>Ann Periodontol 2000;5:129-136.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":79473,"journal":{"name":"Annals of periodontology","volume":"5 1","pages":"129-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1902/annals.2000.5.1.129","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68172793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated With Radiographic Vertical Bone Loss Around Implants Placed in a Clinical Study","authors":"Michael C. Manz","doi":"10.1902/annals.2000.5.1.137","DOIUrl":"10.1902/annals.2000.5.1.137","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The loss of vertical bone height over time has been assessed radiographically as part of the Dental Implant Clinical Research Group studies. Radiographs were assessed from implant placement, uncovering surgeries, and recall appointments. Overall, the study implants experienced most peri-implant vertical bone loss in the first year after placement, followed by a dramatic decrease in bone loss rate through the subsequent study intervals. Stratified analysis of data up to 72 months after implant uncovering indicates different bone loss patterns by: 1) arch; 2) jaw region; 3) case type; 4) bone quality; 5) surface type; 6) implant design; 7) smoking status; and 8) postoperative antibiotic treatment. These results will be used to build statistical mixed models to indicate which clinical factors are most predictive of peri-implant vertical bone loss, controlling for confounding and accounting for correlation of data over time and within study patients. <i>Ann Periodontol 2000;5:137-151.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":79473,"journal":{"name":"Annals of periodontology","volume":"5 1","pages":"137-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1902/annals.2000.5.1.137","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68172799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Dental Implant Clinical Research Group Study: Study Design and Statistical Methods Utilized","authors":"Shigeru Ochi","doi":"10.1902/annals.2000.5.1.12","DOIUrl":"10.1902/annals.2000.5.1.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":79473,"journal":{"name":"Annals of periodontology","volume":"5 1","pages":"12-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1902/annals.2000.5.1.12","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68172705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Assessment (5 to 71 Months) of Endosseous Dental Implants Placed in the Augmented Maxillary Sinus","authors":"John W. Olson,&nbsp;C. Daniel Dent,&nbsp;Harold F. Morris,&nbsp;Shigeru Ochi","doi":"10.1902/annals.2000.5.1.152","DOIUrl":"10.1902/annals.2000.5.1.152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Background:</b> It is not uncommon for the placement of endosseous dental implants in the maxillary posterior jaw region to be complicated by the pneumatization of the maxillary sinus. When this occurs, the residual bone between the floor of the sinus and the crestal ridge is inadequate for the placement of implants. The sinus lift procedure provides a way to increase the amount of available bone and the placement of longer implants.</p><p><b>Methods:</b> One hundred twenty (120) implants were placed in 45 augmented maxillary sinuses. Patients ranged in age from 34 to 78 years. The implant design included a limited number of non-hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated titanium screws, with the majority of the implants being HA-coated cylinders, grooved cylinders, and screws. The augmentation materials were autogenous bone, allogenic bone (demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft, DFDBA), alloplastic bone (HA), combination grafts of HA and DFDBA, and combination grafts of autogenous bone and DFDBA. All the cases were successfully restored with implant-supported, bar-retained overdentures or fixed partial dentures. The follow-up began at Stage 2 uncovering and ranged from 5 to 71 months, with a mean of 38.2 and standard deviation of 14.6 months.</p><p><b>Results:</b> Three (2.5%) of the 120 implants failed between the period of implant placement and 36 months. Failures appeared to be associated with a history of smoking. Other complications encountered during the study are presented. Implant survival was higher in those placed in grafted sinuses (97.5%) than in those placed in the posterior maxilla without sinus grafting (90.3%).</p><p><b>Conclusion:</b> These findings support the use of implants placed in augmented sinuses to support dental prostheses. <i>Ann Periodontol 2000;5:152-156.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":79473,"journal":{"name":"Annals of periodontology","volume":"5 1","pages":"152-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1902/annals.2000.5.1.152","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68174166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}