Annals of periodontology最新文献

{"title":"Systemic Anti-Infective Periodontal Therapy. A Systematic Review","authors":"Anne D. Haffajee,&nbsp;Sigmund S. Socransky,&nbsp;John C. Gunsolley","doi":"10.1902/annals.2003.8.1.115","DOIUrl":"10.1902/annals.2003.8.1.115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Background:</b> Periodontal diseases are infections and thus systemically administered antibiotics are often employed as adjuncts for their control. There are conflicting reports as to whether these agents provide a therapeutic benefit.</p><p><b>Rationale:</b>The purpose of this systematic review is to determine whether systemically administered antibiotics improve a primary clinical outcome measure, periodontal attachment level change.</p><p><b>Focused Question:</b> In patients with periodontitis, what is the effect of systemically administered antibiotics as compared to controls on clinical measures of attachment level?</p><p><b>Search Protocol:</b>The PubMed database was searched from 1966 to May 2002. Searches were limited to human studies published in English. Hand searches were performed on the <i>Journal of Clinical Periodontology, Journal of Periodontology,</i> and <i>Journal of Periodontal Research</i>. References in relevant papers and review articles were also examined.</p><p><b>Selection Criteria</b></p><p><b>Inclusion criteria:</b> Trials were selected if they met the following criteria: randomized controlled clinical trials, quasi-experimental studies, and cohort studies of &gt;1 month duration with a comparison group; subjects with aggressive, chronic, or recurrent periodontitis and periodontal abscess; use of a single or a combination of systemically administered antibiotics(s) versus non-antibiotic therapy; and a primary outcome of mean attachment level change (AL).</p><p><b>Exclusion criteria:</b> Studies involving the use of low-dose doxyclycline, combinations of locally plus systemic antibiotics, or where the control group included a systemically administered antibiotic were excluded.</p><p><b>Data Collection and Analysis:</b> A mean difference in AL between groups was available for all papers used in the meta-analysis. A standard deviation (SD) for the difference was used if provided or calculated from the SD or standard error of the mean (SEM) when provided for single measurements. Data were subset by antibiotic employed, type of adjunctive therapy, and disease type. Results were assessed with both fixed-effects and random-effects models.\u0000\u0000 </p><p><i>Ann Periodontol 2003;8:115-181.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":79473,"journal":{"name":"Annals of periodontology","volume":"8 1","pages":"115-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1902/annals.2003.8.1.115","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24400516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial Identification in the Management of Periodontal Diseases. A Systematic Review","authors":"Max A. Listgarten,&nbsp;Peter M. Loomer","doi":"10.1902/annals.2003.8.1.182","DOIUrl":"10.1902/annals.2003.8.1.182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Background:</b>Our understanding of the complexity of the oral microbiota continues to improve as new technologies, such as the analysis of 16S rRNA bacterial genes, are utilized. Despite the difficult of cataloguing all microorganisms and determining their pathogenic potential, some species, mostly members of the resident oral microbiota, have been identified as likely periodontal pathogens. However, for microbial diagnosis to be of value, it needs to affect disease diagnosis and/or treatment planning as well as result in superior treatment outcomes and/or provide an economic benefit to the patient.</p><p><b>Rationale:</b>The purposes of this systematic review were to determine if microbial identification influences periodontal patient management and whether treatment outcomes are better compared to patients whose treatment plans are developed without this information.</p><p><b>Focused Question:</b>In patients with periodontal diseases, does microbial identification influence patient management compared to treatment prescribed without this information?</p><p><b>Search Protocol:</b>The MEDLINE database was searched for clinical studies in English from 1991 through 2002 by 2 investigators. Hand searches were performed on the <i>Journal of Clinical Periodontology, Journal of Periodontology, Journal of Periodontal Research, Oral Microbiology and Immunology,</i> and <i>Periodontology 2000</i>. In addition, directors of diagnostic laboratories were contacted about unpublished data.</p><p><b>Selection Criteria</b></p><p><b>Inclusion criteria:</b> Articles in which bacterial identification influenced patient treatment were preferred as were those reporting longitudinal data demonstrating a direct relationship between the presence or absence of certain bacteria and subsequent alterations in clinical variables. Because of the limited number of studies, all articles, including case reports, were considered.</p><p><b>Exclusion criteria:</b>Review articles without original data were excluded, although references were examined for possible inclusion. Articles reporting data showing associations between certain microorganisms and disease or health that did not affect treatment were excluded. Clinical trials testing antibacterial agents for their ability to enhance mechanical debridement were not included since bacterial identification had little effect on drug selection or experimental group assignment. Articles dealing with implants rather than natural teeth were omitted.</p><p><b>Data Analysis and Collection:</b>The heterogeneity of the published data precludes any meaningful pooling of data or meta-analysis. The pertinent literature, including relevant variables of plaque, gingivitis, and bleeding on probing scores; probing depth; clinical attachment level; number of lost teeth; and microbial changes; and patient-centered outcomes including decrease in morbidity, reduced need for surgery, and duration and cost of treatment are summarized.\u0000\u0000 </","PeriodicalId":79473,"journal":{"name":"Annals of periodontology","volume":"8 1","pages":"182-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1902/annals.2003.8.1.182","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24400517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of the Evidence-Based Approach in a Periodontal Therapy Contemporary Science Workshop","authors":"Michael G. Newman,&nbsp;Jack G. Caton,&nbsp;John C. Gunsolley","doi":"10.1902/annals.2003.8.1.1","DOIUrl":"10.1902/annals.2003.8.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Background:</b> When appropriately evaluated and carefully managed, the integration of emerging technology into practice can improve health and enhance the quality of life. Since the last American Academy of Periodontology Workshop in 1996, great technological advances in the areas of data access, retrieval, and management have been made. The World Wide Web has “exploded” with great possibilities for gathering data from many sources. Evaluation methods such as meta-analysis and modeling have likewise improved, permitting a more objective and useful assessment of the retrieved information. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how the evidence-based (EB) approach was used to plan and implement a consensus conference on periodontal therapy, the Workshop on Contemporary Science in Clinical Periodontics.</p><p><b>Rationale:</b>The methodologies and philosophies associated with the EB approach provided the ideal framework for assessing the applicability of the newest clinical research to patient therapy.</p><p><b>Methods:</b> Evidence-based systematic reviews on 15 topics associated with contemporary clinical periodontal practice were conducted prior to the Workshop. High standards of scientific rigor and scholarly ideals were stressed throughout the process. At the highly structured conference the reviews served as the basis for development of consensus reports that include implications for practice and research.\u0000\u0000 </p><p><i>Ann Periodontol 2003;8:1-11.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":79473,"journal":{"name":"Annals of periodontology","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1902/annals.2003.8.1.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24400610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local Anti-Infective Therapy: Pharmacological Agents. A Systematic Review","authors":"Philip J. Hanes,&nbsp;James P. Purvis","doi":"10.1902/annals.2003.8.1.79","DOIUrl":"10.1902/annals.2003.8.1.79","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Background:</b>It is well recognized that periodontal diseases are bacterial in nature. An essential component of therapy is to eliminate or control these pathogens. This has been traditionally accomplished through mechanical means (scaling and root planing [SRP]), which is time-consuming, difficult, and sometimes ineffective. Over the past 20 years, locally delivered, anti-infective pharmacological agents, most recently employing sustained-release vehicles, have been introduced to achieve this goal.</p><p><b>Rationale:</b>This systematic review evaluates literature-based evidence in an effort to determine the efficacy of currently available anti-infective agents, with and without concurrent SRP, in controlling chronic periodontitis.</p><p><b>Focused Question:</b> In patients with chronic periodontitis, what is the effect of local controlled-release antiinfective drug therapy with or without SRP compared to SRP alone on changes in clinical, patient-centered, and adverse outcomes?</p><p><b>Search Protocol:</b>MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Trials Register, and Web of Science were searched. Hand searches were performed of the <i>Journal of Clinical Periodontology, Journal of Periodontology</i>, and <i>Journal of Periodontal Research</i>. Searches were performed for articles published through April 2002. In addition, investigators contacted editors of the above-mentioned journals and companies sponsoring research on these agents for related unpublished data and studies in progress.</p><p><b>Selection Criteria</b></p><p><b>Inclusion criteria:</b>Studies included randomized controlled clinical trials (RCT), and case-controlled and cohort studies at least 3 months long. Therapeutic interventions had to include 1) SRP alone; 2) local antiinfective drug therapy and SRP; or 3) local anti-infective drug therapy alone. Included studies had to report patient-based mean values and measures of variation for probing depth (PD) and/or clinical attachment levels (CAL) for both test and control groups</p><p><b>Exclusion criteria:</b> Studies were excluded if they: 1) included data from a previously published article; 2) included daily rinsing with chlorhexidine (CHX); or 3) had unclear descriptions of randomization procedures, examiner masking, or concomitant therapies.</p><p><b>Data Collection and Analysis:</b> For the meta-analysis, PD and CAL were expressed as summary mean effects with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the effect, and analyzed using a standardized difference between SRP alone and experimental agent groups. The results were assessed with both fixed-effects and random-effects models. Studies were ranked according to the York system.\u0000\u0000 </p><p><i>Ann Periodontol 2003;8:79-98.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":79473,"journal":{"name":"Annals of periodontology","volume":"8 1","pages":"79-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1902/annals.2003.8.1.79","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24400514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical Therapies for the Treatment of Gingival Recession. A Systematic Review","authors":"Thomas W. Oates,&nbsp;Melanie Robinson,&nbsp;John C. Gunsolley","doi":"10.1902/annals.2003.8.1.303","DOIUrl":"10.1902/annals.2003.8.1.303","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000A variety of soft tissue augmentation procedures directed at root coverage have been documented in the literature utilizing autogenous or allogenic soft tissue grafting or guided tissue regeneration (GTR).\u0000\u0000\u0000RATIONALE\u0000The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the literature regarding the efficacies of various surgical gingival augmentation procedures relative to clinical and patient-oriented outcomes.\u0000\u0000\u0000FOCUSED QUESTION\u0000What is the effect of surgical therapy for root coverage in patients with gingival recession compared with other treatment modalities or baseline values?\u0000\u0000\u0000SEARCH PROTOCOL\u0000PubMed and the Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register were searched to identify human studies in English investigating the therapeutic use of a soft tissue surgical procedure to treat gingival recession. Searches were performed for articles published by April 2002.\u0000\u0000\u0000SELECTION CRITERIA\u0000Initial screening of identified abstracts accepted all studies evaluating surgical intervention of gingival recession. Independent review by 2 reviewers evaluated full-text reports regarding study characteristics. Only those studies determined to be randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included in the final analysis. DATA ANALYSIS AND COLLECTION: Outcome measures included changes in root coverage, clinical attachment levels (CAL), probing depth (PD), and width of keratinized tissue (KT). The only data suitable for meta-analysis were comparisons of the efficacy of connective tissue grafts with GTR.\u0000\u0000\u0000MAIN RESULTS\u00001. Thirty-two articles (total study population: 687) met the criteria for RCTs: 11 (population: 286) related to various autogenous soft tissue augmentation procedures; 18 (population: 360) to GTR; and 3 (population: 41) to allogenic soft tissue augmentation. 2. Meta-analysis identified greater gains in both root coverage and keratinized tissue width for connective tissue graft procedures compared to GTR. 3. No other data were compatible with meta-analysis.\u0000\u0000\u0000REVIEWERS' CONCLUSIONS\u00001. Soft tissue augmentation procedures are effective means of obtaining root coverage. 2. Connective grafting techniques appear to have an advantage over GTR. 3. There is a need for further efficacy studies and for investigation of these procedures relative to patient-oriented outcomes such as esthetics, root sensitivity, and postoperative morbidities.","PeriodicalId":79473,"journal":{"name":"Annals of periodontology","volume":"8 1","pages":"303-320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1902/annals.2003.8.1.303","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24400522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth and Amelogenin-Like Factors in Periodontal Wound Healing. A Systematic Review","authors":"William V. Giannobile,&nbsp;Martha J. Somerman","doi":"10.1902/annals.2003.8.1.193","DOIUrl":"10.1902/annals.2003.8.1.193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Background:</b> Regeneration of tooth-supporting structures destroyed by periodontitis is a major goal of periodontal therapy. Periodontal tissue engineering utilizing growth and amelogenin-like factors (GAFs) applies advances in materials science and biology to regenerate alveolar bone, periodontal ligament, and cementum. Amelogenin-like factors (e.g., enamel matrix derivative [EMD]) and growth factors (e.g., plateletderived growth factor [PDGF] and bone morphogenetic proteins [BMPs, also considered morphogens]) have demonstrated pleotrophic effects on the stimulation of several key events required for tissue regeneration including DNA synthesis, chemotaxis, differentiation, and matrix synthesis.</p><p><b>Rationale:</b> GAFs have been used for the treatment of periodontal disease as shown in preclinical and clinical studies. This systematic review evaluates the evidence to support the utilization of EMD and growth factors (GFs) for periodontal repair and regeneration associated with natural teeth. Focused Question: In patients with periodontal osseous defects, what is the effect of GAFs compared with controls on clinical, radiographic, histologic, adverse, and patient-centered outcomes?</p><p><b>Search Protocol:</b> Two investigators searched MEDLINE, pre-MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Oral Health Group trials register for clinical and preclinical studies published in English. Hand searches were performed on the <i>International Journal of Periodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Journal of Clinical Periodontology, Journal of Dental Research, Journal of Periodontology,</i> and <i>Journal of Periodontal Research</i> Searches were performed for articles published through April 2002. In addition, investigators contacted manufacturers of GAF products for related unpublished data and studies in progress. Selection Criteria</p><p><b>Inclusion criteria:</b> Randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs), cohort studies, case-control studies, case reports, and preclinical (animal) randomized controlled investigations that included a cohort population diagnosed with periodontal disease and presenting data on intrabony/interproximal defects and/or furcation defects were screened.</p><p><b>Exclusion criteria:</b> In vitro studies or those that did not include quantifiable data with respect to clinical or bone measures were not included.</p><p><b>Data Collection and Analysis:</b> Meta-analyses were performed for studies that fulfilled the eligibility criteria for the following continuous variables: clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD), or bone level (radiographic, re-entry, or histologic). Heterogeneity was assessed to determine whether the differences among therapies were due to systematic confounding factors (as noted in study quality assessments).\u0000\u0000 </p><p><i>Ann Periodontol 2003;8:193-204.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":79473,"journal":{"name":"Annals of periodontology","volume":"8 1","pages":"193-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1902/annals.2003.8.1.193","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24400518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guided Tissue Regeneration for the Treatment of Periodontal Intrabony and Furcation Defects. A Systematic Review","authors":"Kevin G. Murphy,&nbsp;John C. Gunsolley","doi":"10.1902/annals.2003.8.1.266","DOIUrl":"10.1902/annals.2003.8.1.266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Background:</b> Many clinical studies have demonstrated that guided tissue regeneration (GTR) is a successful treatment modality of periodontal reconstructive surgery and it has become an accepted procedure in most periodontal practices.</p><p><b>Rationale:</b> The purpose of this structured review was to assess the efficacy of guided tissue regeneration (GTR) procedures in patients with periodontal osseous defects compared with surgical controls on clinical, radiographic, adverse, and patient-centered outcomes. It extends the scope of previous GTR systematic reviews, which were limited to randomized controlled studies, by the scope of outcome measures examined, and the duration of the study.</p><p><b>Focused Question:</b> In patients with periodontal osseous defects, what is the effect of physical barriers compared with surgical controls on clinical, radiographic, adverse, and patient-centered outcomes?</p><p><b>Search Protocol:</b> An electronic search of the Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register and MEDLINE databases was performed. Manual searching of journals included <i>Journal of Clinical Periodontology, Journal of Periodontology</i>, and <i>Journal of Periodontal Research</i> up to January 2002. This manual search also included review of relevant bibliographies. Two manufacturers of GTR devices were contacted regarding unpublished data.</p><p><b>Selection Criteria</b></p><p><b>Inclusion criteria:</b> Studies were selected for review if the evidence level was 3B (cohort) or above, at least 6 months duration, and compared a test GTR intervention with a surgical control.</p><p><b>Exclusion criteria:</b> Studies with experimental design problems; histologic or microbiological investigations; or those with outcome measurements, study populations, or study duration not consistent with the inclusion criteria were excluded. Primary outcome measures for intrabony defects were: clinical attachment level (CAL) gain, probing depth reduction (PD), gingival recession (REC) reduction; for furcation defects: vertical probing attachment level (VPAL) gain, vertical probing depth reduction (VPD), horizontal probing depth reduction (HPD), horizontal open probing attachment level gain (HOPA), and vertical open probing attachment level gain (VOPA). Meta-analysis was performed to compare GTR procedures to other surgical treatments and to examine the resulting clinical outcomes.\u0000\u0000 </p><p><b>Reviewer's Conclusions:</b> Overall, GTR is consistently more effective than OFD in the gain of clinical attachment and probing depth reduction in the treatment of intrabony and furcation defects.</p><p><i>Ann Periodontol 2003;8:266-302.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":79473,"journal":{"name":"Annals of periodontology","volume":"8 1","pages":"266-302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1902/annals.2003.8.1.266","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24400521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local Anti-Infective Therapy: Mechanical and Physical Approaches. A Systematic Review","authors":"William W. Hallmon,&nbsp;Terry D. Rees","doi":"10.1902/annals.2003.8.1.99","DOIUrl":"10.1902/annals.2003.8.1.99","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Background:</b>Although mechanical non-surgical therapy (scaling and root planing) is the most common means of initial treatment of periodontal diseases, the relative clinical efficacy of various methods, including manual versus machine-driven, with or without adjunctive agents, has not been determined.</p><p><b>Rationale:</b>This systematic review analyzes the literature in an effort to identify the most effective therapies, based on both clinical and patient-centered outcomes.</p><p><b>Focused Question:</b>In patients with periodontitis, what is the effect of mechanically-driven instrumentation (e.g., power-driven) and/or subgingival irrigation with and without manual instrumentation compared to manual instrumentation alone?</p><p><b>Search Protocol:</b>Two investigators examined MEDLINE and the Cochrane Oral Health Group specialized registry for clinical trials published in English. Hand searches were performed of the <i>International Journal of Periodontics &amp; Restorative Dentistry, Journal of Clinical Periodontology, Journal of Periodontology,</i> and <i>Journal of Periodontal Research</i>. Searches were performed for articles published through April 2002. Editors of these journals were asked to provide information on articles currently under review. In addition, an electronic discussion group on periodontal diseases and treatment was contacted, as were manufacturers of manual and mechanical instruments and of adjunctive agents.</p><p><b>Selection Criteria</b></p><p><b>nclusion criteria:</b>Only randomized clinical trials, cohort studies, or case-control studies at least 3 months long were included. All studies had to compare manual instrumentation (MI; scaling and root planing [SRP]) alone with some other form of non-surgical therapy. These included MI versus mechanically-driven instruments (MDI) alone; MI versus MI plus MDI; MI versus MDI plus an agent (e.g., chlorhexidine); and MI versus subgingival irrigation (SGI) delivered in conjunction with MI or MDI.</p><p><b>Exclusion criteria:</b>Studies not meeting the inclusion criteria or those treating periodontal diseases as a manifestation or complication of some other disease or disorder were not included.</p><p><b>Data Collection and Analysis:</b>Probing depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, and gingival recession were the primary outcomes. Because of the heterogeneity of the patient populations, treatments, and outcome measures, meta-analysis was not appropriate. Only in-study data were compared. Four of the studies required extrapolating data from figures and graphs, resulting in questionable accuracy.\u0000\u0000 </p><p><i>Ann Periodontol 2003;8:99-114.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":79473,"journal":{"name":"Annals of periodontology","volume":"8 1","pages":"99-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1902/annals.2003.8.1.99","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24400515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Periodontal Disease and Risk for Nosocomial Bacterial Pneumonia and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. A Systematic Review","authors":"Frank A. Scannapieco,&nbsp;Renee B. Bush,&nbsp;Susanna Paju","doi":"10.1902/annals.2003.8.1.54","DOIUrl":"10.1902/annals.2003.8.1.54","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Background:</b> Several recent studies provide evidence that the oral cavity may influence the initiation and/or the progression of lung diseases such as pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).</p><p><b>Rationale:</b> Studies have shown that poor oral hygiene and periodontal disease may foster colonization of the oropharyngeal region by respiratory pathogens, particularly in hospital or nursing home patients. If aspirated, these pathogens can cause pneumonia, one of the most common respiratory infections, especially in institutionalized subjects. Other cross-sectional epidemiologic studies point to an association between periodontal disease and COPD. This systematic review examines the literature to determine if interventions that improve oral hygiene reduce the rate of pneumonia in high-risk populations.</p><p><b>Focused Question:</b> Do periodontal diseases or other indicators of poor oral health influence the initiation/ progression of pneumonia or other lung diseases?</p><p><b>Search Protocol:</b> MEDLINE, pre-MEDLINE, MEDLINE Daily Update, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register were searched to identify published studies that related variables associated with pneumonia and other lung disease to periodontal disease. Searches were performed for articles published in English from 1966 through March 2002.</p><p><b>Inclusion criteria:</b> Randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs), longitudinal, cohort, and case-control studies were included. Study populations included patients with any form of pneumonia or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and periodontal disease, as measured by assessments of gingival inflammation, probing depth, clinical attachment level, and/or radiographic bone loss, or oral hygiene indices.</p><p><b>Exclusion criteria:</b> Limited to studies of humans.</p><p><b>Data Collection and Analysis:</b> The summary statistics used to analyze the RCTs included weighted mean differences in rates of disease between control and intervention groups. For cohort studies that measured differences in rates of disease between groups with and without oral disease, weighted mean differences, relative risks, or odds ratios were compared. A meta-analysis was performed on the 5 intervention studies to determine the relationship between oral hygiene intervention and rate of pneumonia in institutionalized patients.</p><p><b>Main Results</b></p><p>Of the initial 1,688 studies identified, 36 satisfied all inclusion criteria and were read. Of these, 21 (11 case-control and cohort studies [study population 1,413] and 9 RCTs [study population 1,759]) were included in the analysis.\u0000\u0000 </p><p><i>Ann Periodontol 2003;8:54-69</i></p>","PeriodicalId":79473,"journal":{"name":"Annals of periodontology","volume":"8 1","pages":"54-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1902/annals.2003.8.1.54","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24400613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Maxillary Sinus Augmentation on the Survival of Endosseous Dental Implants. A Systematic Review","authors":"Stephen S. Wallace,&nbsp;Stuart J. Froum","doi":"10.1902/annals.2003.8.1.328","DOIUrl":"10.1902/annals.2003.8.1.328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Background:</b>Grafting the floor of the maxillary sinus has become the most common surgical intervention for increasing alveolar bone height prior to the placement of endosseous dental implants in the posterior maxilla. Outcomes of this procedure may be affected by specific surgical techniques, simultaneous versus delayed implant placement, use of barrier membranes over the lateral window, selection of graft material, and the surface characteristics and the length and width of the implants.</p><p><b>Rationale:</b>The primary objective of this systematic review was to determine the efficacy of the sinus augmentation procedure and compare the results achieved with various surgical techniques, grafting materials, and implants.</p><p><b>Focused Question:</b> In patients requiring dental implant placement, what is the effect on implant survival of maxillary sinus augmentation versus implant placement in the non-grafted posterior maxilla?</p><p><b>Search Protocol:</b> MEDLINE, the Cochrane Oral Health Group Specialized Trials Register, and the Database of Abstracts and Reviews of Effectiveness were searched for articles published through April 2003. Hand searches were performed on <i>Clinical Oral Implants Research, International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Implants</i>, and <i>the International Journal of Periodontics &amp; Restorative Dentistry</i> and the bibliographies of all relevant papers and review articles. In addition, researchers, journal editors, and industry sources were contacted to see if pertinent unpublished data that had been accepted for publication were available.</p><p><b>Selection Criteria</b></p><p><b>Inclusion criteria:</b> Human studies with a minimum of 20 interventions, a minimum follow-up period of 1-year loading, an outcome measurement of implant survival, and published in English, regardless of the evidence level, were considered.</p><p><b>Exclusion criteria:</b>Studies involving multiple simultaneous interventions (e.g., simultaneous ridge augmentation) and studies with missing data that could not be supplied by the study authors were excluded.</p><p><b>Data Collection and Analysis:</b> Where adequate data were available, subgroups of dissimilar interventions (e.g., surgical techniques, graft materials, implant surfaces, membranes) were isolated and subjected to metaregression, a form of meta-analysis.\u0000\u0000 </p><p><b>Reviewers' Conclusions:</b> Insufficient data were present to statistically evaluate the effects of smoking, residual crestal bone height, screw versus press-fit implant design, or the effect of implant surface micromorphology other than machined versus rough surfaces. There are insufficient data to recommend the use of platelet-rich plasma in sinus graft surgery.</p><p><i>Ann Periodontol 2003;8:328-343</i></p>","PeriodicalId":79473,"journal":{"name":"Annals of periodontology","volume":"8 1","pages":"328-343"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1902/annals.2003.8.1.328","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24400524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}