Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington, D.C. : 1996)最新文献

National Observational Study of Prescription Dispensing Accuracy and Safety in 50 Pharmacies 全国50家药店处方调剂准确性和安全性观察研究

Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington, D.C. : 1996) Pub Date : 2003-03-01 DOI: 10.1331/108658003321480731

Elizabeth Allan Flynn PhD, Kenneth N. Barker PhD, Brian J. Carnahan PhD

{"title":"National Observational Study of Prescription Dispensing Accuracy and Safety in 50 Pharmacies","authors":"Elizabeth Allan Flynn PhD, Kenneth N. Barker PhD, Brian J. Carnahan PhD","doi":"10.1331/108658003321480731","DOIUrl":"10.1331/108658003321480731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To measure dispensing accuracy rates in 50 pharmacies located in 6 cities across the United States and describe the nature and frequency of the errors detected.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Cross-sectional descriptive study.</p></div><div><h3>Settings</h3><p>Chain, independent, and health-system pharmacies (located in hospitals or managed care organizations).</p></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><p>Pharmacy staff at randomly selected pharmacies in each city who accepted an invitation to participate.</p></div><div><h3>Intervention</h3><p>Observation by a pharmacist in each pharmacy for 1 day, with a goal of inspecting 100 prescriptions for dispensing errors (defined as any deviation from the prescriber's order).</p></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measure</h3><p>Dispensing errors on new and refill prescriptions.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Data were collected between July 2000 and April 2001. The overall dispensing accuracy rate was 98.3% (77 errors among 4,481 prescriptions; range, 87.2%-100.0%; 95.0% confidence interval, + 0.4%). Accuracy rates did not differ significantly by pharmacy type or city. Of the 77 identified errors, 5 (6.5%) were judged to be clinically important.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Dispensing errors are a problem on a national level, at a rate of about 4 errors per day in a pharmacy filling 250 prescriptions daily. An estimated 51.5 million errors occur during the filling of 3 billion prescriptions each year.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":79444,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington, D.C. : 1996)","volume":"43 2","pages":"Pages 191-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1331/108658003321480731","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22335221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 158

Teaching Patients the ABCs of Preventing Melanoma 教给患者预防黑色素瘤的基础知识

Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington, D.C. : 1996) Pub Date : 2003-03-01 DOI: 10.1331/108658003321480803

Janet E. Shepherd MD, FACOG (Practicing Gynecologist)

引用次数: 2

New Antibody Approved for Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis 新抗体被批准用于治疗类风湿性关节炎

Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington, D.C. : 1996) Pub Date : 2003-03-01 DOI: 10.1331/108658003321480812

Peggy Piascik PhD (Associate professor of pharmacy practice and science)

引用次数: 5

APhA's Name Change Reflects Evolution of the Pharmacy Profession APhA的更名反映了药学专业的演变

Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington, D.C. : 1996) Pub Date : 2003-03-01 DOI: 10.1331/108658003321480650

Dan Kennedy, Bernard A. Sorofman PhD, Susan H. Staggs

引用次数: 1

Proving That Pharmaceutical Care Makes a Difference in Community Pharmacy 证明药物护理对社区药房的影响

Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington, D.C. : 1996) Pub Date : 2003-03-01 DOI: 10.1331/108658003321480669

L. Michael Posey

{"title":"Proving That Pharmaceutical Care Makes a Difference in Community Pharmacy","authors":"L. Michael Posey","doi":"10.1331/108658003321480669","DOIUrl":"10.1331/108658003321480669","url":null,"abstract":"two important events helped shape the profession of pharmacy. First, the 1984 Pharmacy in the 21st Century Conference explored whether the profession faced a future of growth or stagnation.1 Then, the following year at the Hilton Head Conference, Doug Hepler first verbalized the notion that pharmacy could have the kind of covenantal relationship exemplified by medical or nursing care.2 We now find ourselves in the 21st century, and pharmaceutical care has become a dominant form of practice for thousands of pharmacists around the globe. Yet, for the average patient, the concept of pharmaceutical care remains an enigma, primarily because it is not provided on a broad scale and in an identifiable manner in the community pharmacies where most people encounter pharmacists. Is it possible for pharmacy to complete its transformation from a commodity-based, mercantile operation into a clinical profession in the community pharmacies of the United States and around the world? The publication of shortand long-term outcomes from the Asheville Project in this issue of JAPhA provides an opportunity to review the pharmaceutical care track record of community pharmacists and identify elements that have afforded or impeded success.","PeriodicalId":79444,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington, D.C. : 1996)","volume":"43 2","pages":"Pages 136-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1331/108658003321480669","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22334624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

The Asheville Project: Participants' Perceptions of Factors Contributing to the Success of a Patient Self-Management Diabetes Program 阿什维尔项目:参与者对促进患者自我管理糖尿病项目成功的因素的看法

Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington, D.C. : 1996) Pub Date : 2003-03-01 DOI: 10.1331/108658003321480722

Daniel G. Garrett MS, FASHP, Leslie A. Martin MBA

{"title":"The Asheville Project: Participants' Perceptions of Factors Contributing to the Success of a Patient Self-Management Diabetes Program","authors":"Daniel G. Garrett MS, FASHP, Leslie A. Martin MBA","doi":"10.1331/108658003321480722","DOIUrl":"10.1331/108658003321480722","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To ascertain patients', providers', and managers' perceptions of the factors that contributed to the success of the Asheville Project.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>One-time focus groups of patients and diabetes care providers and individual interviews with managers involved in the project.</p></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><p>The City of Asheville and Mission-St. Joseph's Health System (MSJ), Asheville, N.C.</p></div><div><h3>Patients and Other Participants</h3><p>Twenty-one patients with diabetes who were employees of the two self-insured employers participating in the Asheville Project; four specially trained pharmacists who provided diabetes-related pharmaceutical care and one diabetes educator, all of whom received reimbursement for their services; six managers employed by the City of Asheville or MSJ who were involved in the project.</p></div><div><h3>Intervention</h3><p>A trained facilitator conducted four focus groups and six manager interviews in September 2001. Each session lasted 60 to 90 minutes, and the facilitator used a standard list of open-ended questions. The focus group sessions were recorded for subsequent analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><p>Perceptions of focus group participants and managers of how the Asheville Project enabled patients with diabetes to become more responsible and successful in self-managing their condition.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Focus group participants and managers were enthusiastic about their experiences with the project. Patients valued the relationships they established with their pharmacist or diabetes educator; as a result of these providers' support, patients felt more in control of their lives and were healthier. The waived co-payments for diabetes medications and related supplies was the decisive incentive for getting many patients to enroll in the project. For the providers, the project was a source of professional growth and satisfaction. Managers felt the project helped them fulfill their healthcare responsibilities to their employees, reduced overall costs, enhanced their organizations' reputations in healthcare delivery, and resulted in less absenteeism.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Patients, providers, and managers in the Asheville Project believed that aligned incentives and community-based resources that provide health care services to patients with diabetes offer a practical, patient-empowering, and cost-effective solution to escalating health care costs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":79444,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington, D.C. : 1996)","volume":"43 2","pages":"Pages 185-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1331/108658003321480722","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22334629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 60

Training Experiences of Current and Former Community Pharmacy Residents, 1986-2000 1986-2000年社区药房在职及离职人员的培训经验

Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington, D.C. : 1996) Pub Date : 2003-03-01 DOI: 10.1331/108658003321480740

Whitney L. Unterwagner PharmD, Mario M. Zeolla PharmD, CDM, Anne L. Burns

{"title":"Training Experiences of Current and Former Community Pharmacy Residents, 1986-2000","authors":"Whitney L. Unterwagner PharmD, Mario M. Zeolla PharmD, CDM, Anne L. Burns","doi":"10.1331/108658003321480740","DOIUrl":"10.1331/108658003321480740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To identify why current and former community pharmacy residents chose a community pharmacy residency program (CPRP), what factors in the program were emphasized and not emphasized, what opportunities were available to them postresidency, and, for former residents, what skills learned during their residency have been most useful in their careers to date.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Mail survey.</p></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><p>1999-2000 residents and former residents dating back to 1986.</p></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><p>Reasons residents chose a CPRP over other residency or employment opportunities and respondents' ratings of the emphasis placed on a variety of skills and activities in their training programs.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 44 surveys were included in the final analysis, 18 (41%) of which were completed by 1999-2000 CPRP residents performing their residency at the time of the survey. The most common reasons for choosing a CPRP over other types of programs were opportunities for developing innovative services and direct patient interaction. Communication skills, clinical skills, and level of patient interaction were reported as being most highly emphasized. Management of the distribution system was most frequently cited as having \"low\" or \"no\" emphasis in their residency. Respondents listed marketing skills as the most common area requiring improvement or additional focus in their residency. Former residents cited leadership skills and the development of patient care services as the factors in their residency having the greatest impact on their careers to date. Postresidency opportunities most frequently sought included faculty, staff pharmacist, and clinical pharmacist positions.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Candidates are drawn to CPRPs because of the opportunities such residencies offer to develop innovative services and provide direct patient care. Residents feel that many programs fail to provide adequate training in the areas of marketing services and obtaining reimbursement. Residency program directors should consider these findings when evaluating and marketing their programs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":79444,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington, D.C. : 1996)","volume":"43 2","pages":"Pages 201-206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1331/108658003321480740","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22335226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

2003 Abstracts of Contributed Papers 2003年投稿论文摘要

Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington, D.C. : 1996) Pub Date : 2003-03-01 DOI: 10.1331/108658003321480795

引用次数: 0

Lil' Red (2002)/Lionel Milton (b. 1973) 《小红》(2002)/莱昂内尔·米尔顿(生于1973)

Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington, D.C. : 1996) Pub Date : 2003-03-01 DOI: 10.1331/108658003321480830

Ron Teeter (Senior Editor, Japha)

引用次数: 0

The Asheville Project: Short-Term Outcomes of a Community Pharmacy Diabetes Care Program 阿什维尔项目:社区药房糖尿病护理项目的短期结果

Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington, D.C. : 1996) Pub Date : 2003-03-01 DOI: 10.1331/108658003321480696

Carole W. Cranor PhD, Dale B. Christensen PhD

{"title":"The Asheville Project: Short-Term Outcomes of a Community Pharmacy Diabetes Care Program","authors":"Carole W. Cranor PhD, Dale B. Christensen PhD","doi":"10.1331/108658003321480696","DOIUrl":"10.1331/108658003321480696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To assess short-term clinical, economic, and humanistic outcomes of pharmaceutical care services (PCS) for patients with diabetes in community pharmacies.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Intention-to-treat, pre-post cohort-with-comparison group study.</p></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><p>Twelve community pharmacies in Asheville, N.C.</p></div><div><h3>Patients and Other Participants</h3><p>Eighty-five patients with diabetes who were employees, dependents, or retirees from two self-insured employers; community pharmacists who completed a diabetes certificate program and received reimbursement for PCS.</p></div><div><h3>Interventions</h3><p>Patients scheduled consultations with pharmacists over 7 to 9 months. Pharmacists provided education, self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG) meter training, clinical assessment, patient monitoring, follow-up, and referral. Group 1 patients began receiving PCS in March 1997, and group 2 patients began in March 1999.</p></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><p>Change from baseline in the two employer groups in glycosylated hemoglobin (A1c) values, serum lipid concentrations, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), satisfaction with pharmacy services, and health care utilization and costs.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Patients used SMBG meters at home, stored all readings, and brought their meters with them to 87%; of the 317 PCS visits (3.7 visits per patient). Patients' A1c concentrations were significantly reduced, and their satisfaction with pharmacy services improved significantly. Patients experienced no change in HRQOL. From the payers' perspective, there was a significant $52 per patient per month increase in diabetes costs for both groups, with PCS fees and diabetes prescriptions accounting for most of the increase. In contrast, both groups experienced a nonsignificant but economically important 29%; decrease in nondiabetes costs and a 16%; decrease in all-diagnosis costs.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>A clear temporal relationship was found between PCS and improved A1c, improved patient satisfaction with pharmacy services, and decreased all-diagnosis costs. Findings from this study demonstrate that pharmacists provided effective cognitive services and refute the idea that pharmacists must be certified diabetes educators to help patients with diabetes improve clinical outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":79444,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington, D.C. : 1996)","volume":"43 2","pages":"Pages 149-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1331/108658003321480696","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22334626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 32