Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington, D.C. : 1996)最新文献_第10页

Ocean Parkway (1996)/Chris Pelletiere (b. 1942) 海洋公园道(1996)/克里斯·佩尔蒂尔(1942)

Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington, D.C. : 1996) Pub Date : 2002-11-01 DOI: 10.1331/108658002762063808

Suzanne Scott, Lynne M. Constantine

引用次数: 0

The Legality of Selling or Giving Syringes to Injection Drug Users 向注射吸毒人员出售、赠送注射器的合法性

Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington, D.C. : 1996) Pub Date : 2002-11-01 DOI: 10.1331/1086-5802.42.0.S13.Burris

Scott Burris JD (Professor of Law), Jon S. Vernick JD, MPH (associate professor, associate director), Alyssa Ditzler JD, Steffanie Strathdee PhD (associate professor)

{"title":"The Legality of Selling or Giving Syringes to Injection Drug Users","authors":"Scott Burris JD (Professor of Law), Jon S. Vernick JD, MPH (associate professor, associate director), Alyssa Ditzler JD, Steffanie Strathdee PhD (associate professor)","doi":"10.1331/1086-5802.42.0.S13.Burris","DOIUrl":"10.1331/1086-5802.42.0.S13.Burris","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Laws limiting access to sterile syringes impede the public health goal that injection drug users (IDUs) use a new, sterile syringe for every injection to reduce blood-borne disease transmission. We sought to determine the legality of selling or giving syringes to IDUs to prevent disease.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>We used standard legal research methods to identify and analyze laws and regulations influencing the distribution of syringes in the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 51 jurisdictions had drug paraphernalia laws; 14 had syringe prescription laws or regulations; 11 required purchasers to show identification; 13 had legislation authorizing syringe exchange programs (SEPs). Since the beginning of the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic, 11 states have fully or partially deregulated syringe sales. Nonprescription retail syringe sales to IDUs for disease prevention purposes are clearly legal in 20 states, and have a reasonable claim to legality in 22 more. Sales to IDUs with a prescription are clearly illegal in only 3 jurisdictions. SEPs can operate legally in at least 21 states.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Syringe access laws in most states may reasonably be interpreted to allow pharmacists to sell syringes to IDUs to prevent disease. In practice, however, unclear laws and pharmacist uncertainty as to their interpretation may constitute continuing barriers to syringe access for IDUs. A comprehensive public policy of ensuring syringe access for IDUs requires eliminating legal barriers to the sale, possession, and disposal of syringes, and educating pharmacists and law enforcement officials about the legality and public health importance of sterile syringe access.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":79444,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington, D.C. : 1996)","volume":"42 6","pages":"Pages S13-S18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1331/1086-5802.42.0.S13.Burris","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22161303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 39

Maine Board of Pharmacy Strongly Supports Unrestricted Sale of Sterile Syringes 缅因州药房委员会强烈支持无菌注射器的无限制销售

Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington, D.C. : 1996) Pub Date : 2002-11-01 DOI: 10.1331/1086-5802.42.0.S24.Ginley

Barbara Ginley MPH (executive director), Sally-Lou Patterson, Nathan Nickerson RN, MSN (director), Joe Bruno RPh, John Grotton RPh (immediate past president)

引用次数: 5

Mobilizing Public and Private Partners to Support New York’s Expanded Syringe Access Demonstration Program 动员公共和私营部门合作伙伴支持纽约扩大注射器获取示范项目

Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington, D.C. : 1996) Pub Date : 2002-11-01 DOI: 10.1331/1086-5802.42.0.S28.Klein

Susan J. Klein MS (director), Alma R. Candelas MPH (director), Guthrie S. Birkhead MD, MPH (director)

引用次数: 11

Pharmacy Student Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs About Selling Syringes to Injection Drug Users 药学专业学生对向注射吸毒者销售注射器的知识、态度和信念

Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington, D.C. : 1996) Pub Date : 2002-11-01 DOI: 10.1331/1086-5802.42.0.S34.Blumenthal

Wendy J. Blumenthal MPH, Kristen W. Springer MPH,MA, T. Stephen Jones MD, Claire E. Sterk PhD (professor and chair)

{"title":"Pharmacy Student Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs About Selling Syringes to Injection Drug Users","authors":"Wendy J. Blumenthal MPH, Kristen W. Springer MPH,MA, T. Stephen Jones MD, Claire E. Sterk PhD (professor and chair)","doi":"10.1331/1086-5802.42.0.S34.Blumenthal","DOIUrl":"10.1331/1086-5802.42.0.S34.Blumenthal","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE To explore pharmacy school education and pharmacy students' knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), drug use, and syringe sales to injection drug users (IDUs). DESIGN Qualitative study of a convenience sample of pharmacy school students. SETTING A pharmacy school in the southeastern United States. INTERVENTION Two focus groups and nine in-depth interviews were conducted about HIV/AIDS education and counseling, syringe sales to possible IDUs, and related pharmacy school education. PARTICIPANTS 19 Doctor of Pharmacy students, including 88 students in their third professional year and 11 in their fourth professional year. RESULTS Most participants believed that they would benefit from more class time on HIV/AIDS topics, including AIDS treatment medications and HIV prevention. Most participants believed that the laws and regulations governing syringe sales in their state were vague, leaving syringe sale decisions to pharmacists' discretion. Nine study participants supported selling syringes to possible IDUs, five opposed it, and five were undecided or ambivalent. Classroom education focused on addiction to prescription drugs, with limited attention to illicit drug use. CONCLUSION Pharmacy students have divided opinions about selling syringes to IDUs. To prepare students for helping their patients with drug-use problems, pharmacy schools should increase training about HIV/AIDS and addiction. Policy makers should consider changing laws and regulations of syringe sales to recognize prevention of blood-borne infections as a legitimate medical purpose for selling syringes to IDUs.","PeriodicalId":79444,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington, D.C. : 1996)","volume":"42 6","pages":"Pages S34-S39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1331/1086-5802.42.0.S34.Blumenthal","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22161309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 24

Promoting Safe Syringe Disposal Goes “Hand in Hand” with Expanded Syringe Access in New York State 促进安全注射器处置与纽约州扩大注射器获取“齐头并进”

Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington, D.C. : 1996) Pub Date : 2002-11-01 DOI: 10.1331/1086-5802.42.0.S105.Klein

Susan J. Klein MS, George R. Estel MS, Alma R. Candelas MPH, Hope A. Plavin MPA

引用次数: 13

State Syringe and Drug Possession Laws Potentially Influencing Safe Syringe Disposal by Injection Drug Users 国家注射器和毒品持有法律可能影响安全注射器处置注射吸毒者

Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington, D.C. : 1996) Pub Date : 2002-11-01 DOI: 10.1331/1086-5802.42.0.S94.Burris

Scott Burris JD (associate director), Joseph Welsh JD,MBA, Mitzi Ng MPH,JD (associate), Mei Li, Alyssa Ditzler JD (candidates)

{"title":"State Syringe and Drug Possession Laws Potentially Influencing Safe Syringe Disposal by Injection Drug Users","authors":"Scott Burris JD (associate director), Joseph Welsh JD,MBA, Mitzi Ng MPH,JD (associate), Mei Li, Alyssa Ditzler JD (candidates)","doi":"10.1331/1086-5802.42.0.S94.Burris","DOIUrl":"10.1331/1086-5802.42.0.S94.Burris","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To review state laws and judicial decisions for potential barriers to proper syringe disposal by injection drug users (IDUs).</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Using standard legal research methods, this study reviewed drug paraphernalia, syringe prescription, drug possession, and syringe exchange laws and relevant case decisions in 59 jurisdictions.</p></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><p>Drug paraphernalia, syringe prescription, and drug possession laws</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Drug paraphernalia laws prohibit all possession of syringes by IDUs in 31 jurisdictions. Syringe prescription laws prohibit possession in 7 jurisdictions. In 53 jurisdictions, IDUs may be subject to prosecution for the possession of drug residue in used syringes. Only two states (HI, RI) have no legal barriers to safe syringe disposal by IDUs. Sixteen jurisdictions that have tried to expand syringe access for IDUs by authorizing SEPs or by deregulating pharmacy sale of syringes continue to have criminal law provisions that could pose barriers to proper disposal.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>IDUs are a significant source of syringes disposed of outside the health care system. Involving IDUs in safe community sharps disposal programs is an important public health goal, but may be frustrated by legal barriers. Although this study looked only at law on the books, and not law as actually applied, ethnographic and survey research indicates that criminal laws do influence the syringe possession behavior of IDUs. The findings of this study suggest that syringe and drug possession laws could deter IDUs from participating in safe syringe disposal programs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":79444,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington, D.C. : 1996)","volume":"42 6","pages":"Pages S94-S98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1331/1086-5802.42.0.S94.Burris","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22162321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 43

Household Sharps Collection Program in Brown County, Wisconsin 威斯康辛州布朗县的家居用品收集计划

Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington, D.C. : 1996) Pub Date : 2002-11-01 DOI: 10.1331/1086-5802.42.0.S113.VaRossum

Joseph P. Van Rossum (recycling specialist), Judy Friederichs

引用次数: 7

At Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Using Practice Strategies to Combat the Manpower Shortage 在科罗拉多州凯撒医疗机构，运用实践策略应对人力短缺

Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington, D.C. : 1996) Pub Date : 2002-11-01 DOI: 10.1331/108658002762063628

Susan L. Downard, Craig A. Pedersen PhD, John C. Kirtley PharmD

{"title":"At Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Using Practice Strategies to Combat the Manpower Shortage","authors":"Susan L. Downard, Craig A. Pedersen PhD, John C. Kirtley PharmD","doi":"10.1331/108658002762063628","DOIUrl":"10.1331/108658002762063628","url":null,"abstract":"of bar codes, central fill, and in-store automation—can greatly increase productivity. A typical pharmacist fills fewer than 25,000 prescriptions annually if it is assumed that he or she fills 100 prescriptions daily in a 50-week work year. Using the technology at KP Colorado’s Pharmacy Automated Refill Center (PARC), a pharmacist dispenses more than four times this number each year. More than 40% of KP Colorado’s total prescription volume is filled centrally at PARC, allowing pharmacists at decentralized clinic pharmacies to concentrate on patient-focused activities such as counseling. Use of the Internet for ordering refills and the expansion of computerized physician order entry are other technologic advances that are having a positive effect on productivity at KP Colorado while simultaneously increasing patient safety. The number of prescriptions filled annually in the United States has been increasing for several years. Prescription coverage by third party payers expanded tremendously in the 1990s, and along with this surfaced the societal expectation for value-added pharmacy services. Thus, measuring productivity by looking solely at the number of prescriptions filled no longer suffices. Workflow design should enable more productive cooperation between pharmacists and pharmacy technicians so that pharmacists can focus their energy on patient care while pharmacy technicians complete the more routine and technical duties.","PeriodicalId":79444,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington, D.C. : 1996)","volume":"42 6","pages":"Pages 820-824"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1331/108658002762063628","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22155206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Third Party Reimbursement for Pharmacist Services: Why Has It Been So Difficult to Obtain and Is It Really the Answer for Pharmacy? 药剂师服务的第三方报销:为什么这么难获得，这真的是药房的答案吗?

Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington, D.C. : 1996) Pub Date : 2002-11-01 DOI: 10.1331/108658002762063736

Julie M. Ganther

{"title":"Third Party Reimbursement for Pharmacist Services: Why Has It Been So Difficult to Obtain and Is It Really the Answer for Pharmacy?","authors":"Julie M. Ganther","doi":"10.1331/108658002762063736","DOIUrl":"10.1331/108658002762063736","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To describe three models of how health insurance coverage can develop for health care goods and services and apply them to pharmacist services. Also, to raise readers’ awareness of the costs/tradeoffs involved in receiving third party reimbursements of insurance coverage from a health provider perspective.</p></div><div><h3>Data Sources</h3><p>Insurance theory and literature.</p></div><div><h3>Summary</h3><p>The three models for developing health insurance coverage are the risk-pooling model, the demand model, and the cost containment model. The risk-pooling model does not apply to coverage for pharmacist services because the cost of such services is not catastrophic and unpredictable. Applying both the demand model and the cost containment model to developing coverage for pharmacist services presents some challenges, but the demand model has been used more successfully to obtain insurance coverage for other health care goods and services. Potential costs and tradeoffs to the health care provider associated with insurance coverage are higher administrative costs, lower reimbursement rates, and loss of professional autonomy.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>If pharmacists want to increase third party coverage for their services, the best approach may be to increase patient demand for insurance coverage by promoting and charging for pharmacist services. However, pharmacists should seriously consider whether the benefits of such coverage for their services outweigh the costs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":79444,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington, D.C. : 1996)","volume":"42 6","pages":"Pages 875-879"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1331/108658002762063736","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22155719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10