{"title":"Life Stress and Illness: The Question of Specificity","authors":"Tirril Harris","doi":"10.1093/abm/13.4.211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/abm/13.4.211","url":null,"abstract":"The hypothesis that specific disorders arise from specific psychosocial circumstances has received little attention in the last couple of decades. Recently developed measurements of stress, specifically the Life Events and Difficulties Schedule (LEDS), allow a more focused perspective on the differing psychosocial pathways to psychiatric and physical disorder. This is the result of the level of measurement employed by the LEDS, whereby specific qualities of distress, such as losses, dangers, frustrations, and so on, can be distinguished from each other within the overall category of distressing/unpleasant experience. Studies of depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, abdominal pain, appendectomy, menorrhagia, secondary amenorrhea, and myocardial infarction using the LEDS suggest that the specific qualities of the stressors involved in the onset of each condition may parallel similar predisposing vulnerabilities in the personalities of those becoming ill, and corresponding psychiatric conditions between stressor and somatic onset. An overall framework is outlined within which disorders are typified as more or less disengaged/overengaged, and suggestions are offered for future research.","PeriodicalId":7939,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Behavioral Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140310991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nutritional Remedies: Reasonable and Questionable","authors":"Johanna T. Dwyer","doi":"10.1093/abm/14.2.120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/abm/14.2.120","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews common, reasonable therapies and questionable nutritional remedies for diseases and conditions that have dietary implications. Standard and questionable dietary remedies are defined and distinguished from other types of therapies, such as experimental or investigational Reasons for concern about questionable remedies are summarized. Some of the possible causes of their popularity are briefly reviewed. Several disorders are discussed to illustrate general points and concerns about the use of unproven remedies in clinical practice. The article concludes with remarks about some collaborative efforts between nutritionists and behavior therapists that are likely to be helpful to patients.","PeriodicalId":7939,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Behavioral Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140311303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Does Social Support Aid in Weight Loss and Smoking Interventions? Reply from a Family Systems Perspective","authors":"Jason B. Lassner","doi":"10.1093/abm/13.2.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/abm/13.2.66","url":null,"abstract":"This article suggests that the inconsistent ability of social support interventions to enhance treatment outcomes in weight loss and smoking cessation studies is a result of inadequate theoretical conceptualization and operational definition of social support. Family systems theory is proposed as a theoretical framework which capitalizes on the salience of patient-partner interactions in producing long-term behavior change. A model is presented which outlines how this alternative conceptualization of social support would alter previous interventions. Preliminary evidence in favor of the proposed model is presented in the form of retrospective analysis of previous studies. Based on a desire to resolve the inconsistency of previous research, a call is made for the consideration of systems theory in future social support intervention studies.","PeriodicalId":7939,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Behavioral Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140310995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Is Obesity a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease?","authors":"Robert W. Jeffery","doi":"10.1093/abm/14.2.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/abm/14.2.109","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews research on the relationship between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and obesity. A preponderance of evidence strongly suggests that obesity is causally related to elevated blood pressure, elevated cholesterol, and glucose intolerance, all of which are primary risk factors for CVD. Nevertheless, data linking obesity to CVD itself are less consistent. While some studies show a positive and graded relationship between obesity and CVD incidence and mortality, others show no effect or even an inverse relationship. Possible reasons for these conflicting findings are discussed. These include heterogeneity of obesities, particularly central versus peripheral obesity; misclassification of individuals due to use of inaccurate obesity indices; analytic difficulties in estimating the contributions of obesity as a single variable in a complex chain of causation; and the presence of confounders such as cigarette smoking that lower weight, but are themselves a cause of CVD.","PeriodicalId":7939,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Behavioral Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140310996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reducing Breast Cancer Risk through Changes in Diet and Alcohol Intake: from Clinic to Community","authors":"Karen Glanz","doi":"10.1093/abm/16.4.334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/abm/16.4.334","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews and summarizes evidence regarding the association of dietary factors, including alcohol intake, with breast cancer risk and survival, and reviews investigations of strategies for dietary behavior change for breast cancer prevention. Although the evidence remains inconclusive, several nutritional factors have often been found to be associated with breast cancer incidence and survival: total fat intake, saturated fat intake, obesity, and moderate to heavy alcohol consumption. Fiber, fruits and vegetables, vitamins A and C, and soy products may also have protective effects, though they have been less well researched. Clear evidence exists from clinical trials that intensive educational and behavioral interventions can be effective for promoting lower-fat diets. Clinical interventions and community-based interventions using combinations of educational and environmental strategies have achieved significant, though smaller, changes across large populations. Research needs include investigating influences on the maintenance of dietary change, examining the role of readiness to adopt new eating patterns, and continuous refinement of measurement tools. Because dietary changes that may reduce breast cancer risk meet general preventive guidelines, behavioral scientists should maximize the opportunities to learn more about promoting healthful diets for cancer prevention.","PeriodicalId":7939,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Behavioral Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140311134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Dudley McGlynn, Elliot N. Gale, Alan G. Glaros, Linda LeResche, Donna L. Massoth, James M. Weiffenbach
{"title":"Biobehavioral Research in Dentistry: Some Directions for the 1990s","authors":"F. Dudley McGlynn, Elliot N. Gale, Alan G. Glaros, Linda LeResche, Donna L. Massoth, James M. Weiffenbach","doi":"10.1093/abm/12.4.133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/abm/12.4.133","url":null,"abstract":"Literatures related to five promising areas of biobehavioral research in dentistry are overviewed: etiology and treatment of temporomandibular disorders and of bruxism, assessment of facial and other pain with measures of facial expression, the connection between stress and periodontal disease, and taste sensory function and dysfunction. In each case, the current status of the literature is described and some directions for continued research are offered. The biopsychosocial perspective on illness and health is favored as an organizing framework for these and similar efforts.","PeriodicalId":7939,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Behavioral Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140310997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Coronary Heart Disease in Women: Influences on Diagnosis and Treatment","authors":"Erica Frank, C. Barr Taylor","doi":"10.1093/abm/15.2-3.156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/abm/15.2-3.156","url":null,"abstract":"Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of mortality in the United States in both sexes. Recent advances in diagnostic and treatment techniques can lessen mortality. However, for uncertain reasons, U.S. women receive less aggressive diagnosis and treatment of CHD than do U.S. men. This article explores this gender-linked differential, examines some potential medical and psychosocial reasons for why it exists, and presents some ramifications for health professionals.","PeriodicalId":7939,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Behavioral Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140311092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Applications of Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Behavioral Medicine","authors":"Thomas G. Pickering","doi":"10.1093/abm/15.1.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/abm/15.1.26","url":null,"abstract":"The role of behavioral factors in the development of hypertension remains an enigma. To some extent this may be attributable to inadequate techniques for measuring blood pressure. Behavioral research has traditionally relied on two methods— laboratory studies of blood pressure reactivity and epidemiological studies, where a small number of casual blood pressure measurements have been recorded in a clinic or laboratory. Both methods are open to criticism. Blood pressure is continually varying, and at any one moment in time it is highly dependent on the emotional and physical state of the individual. This may result in a major confounding factor for behaviorally-oriented studies. The introduction of non-invasive ambulatory blood pressure monitoring offers an opportunity to overcome these limitations, since large numbers of blood pressure readings can be taken while subjects go about their normal daily activities. Several applications of the technique are possible: (a) it enables the study of the immediate effects of physical and mental activity on blood pressure; (b) one can investigate whether a particular environment has a sustained effect on blood pressure; and (c) the effects of interventions can be assessed.","PeriodicalId":7939,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Behavioral Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140314874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Psychosocial Aspects of Cardiovascular Disease in Women: Introduction and Overview","authors":"Susan J. Blumenthal, Karen A. Matthews","doi":"10.1093/abm/15.2-3.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/abm/15.2-3.109","url":null,"abstract":"In 1992, a panel of experts examined the existing literature on the biobehavioral and psychosocial factors important to the etiology, course, and rehabilitation from coronary heart disease (CHD) in women. This article summarizes the panel's overarching recommendations for the application of existing knowledge to clinical practice and for key areas of clinical research needed on the etiology, prevention, and treatment of CHD in women.","PeriodicalId":7939,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Behavioral Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140314982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stretching the Scope of Behavioral Interventions: Proceedings of the 4th International Behavioural Trials Network Hybrid Meeting","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/abm/kaad059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/abm/kaad059","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7939,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Behavioral Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140223985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}