Emily J Ross, Mackenzie L Shanahan, Ellen Joseph, John M Reynolds, Daniel E Jimenez, Maria T Abreu, Adam W Carrico
{"title":"The Relationship Between Loneliness, Social Isolation, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Emily J Ross, Mackenzie L Shanahan, Ellen Joseph, John M Reynolds, Daniel E Jimenez, Maria T Abreu, Adam W Carrico","doi":"10.1093/abm/kaae055","DOIUrl":"10.1093/abm/kaae055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is clear evidence that loneliness and social isolation have profound health consequences. Documenting the associations of loneliness and social isolation with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) symptoms, disease severity, and treatment outcomes could meaningfully improve health and quality of life in patients with IBD.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this narrative review was to synthesize the empirical evidence on the associations of loneliness and social isolation with IBD symptoms, disease severity, and treatment outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Articles were identified through systematic database searches. Quantitative studies that enrolled patients with IBD were included if they examined one of the following outcomes: (a) loneliness or social isolation or (b) IBD-related symptoms, disease severity, or treatment outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 1,816 articles after removing duplicates. Of the 18 studies that met the inclusion criteria, 15 were cross-sectional and 3 were longitudinal. Overall, studies found that loneliness was associated with greater disease activity, functional gastrointestinal symptoms, IBD illness stigma, depressive symptoms, daily IBD symptom burden, reduced resilience, and poorer quality of life. Social isolation was associated with higher prevalence of IBD hospitalizations, premature mortality, and depression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings suggest that loneliness and social isolation are associated with poorer health and quality of life in patients with IBD. Prospective cohort studies examining the biobehavioral mechanisms accounting for the associations of loneliness and social isolation with IBD-related outcomes are needed to guide the development of psychological interventions for individuals living with IBD.</p>","PeriodicalId":7939,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Behavioral Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"779-788"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Konstadina Griva, Phoebe X H Lim, Frederick H F Chan, Yen Peng Wong, Job Loei, Thuan Quoc Thach, Judith Moskowitz, Behram A Khan, Jason Choo
{"title":"HED-Start: A Brief Positive Psychology Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial to Improve Psychological Adjustment in Patients New on Hemodialysis.","authors":"Konstadina Griva, Phoebe X H Lim, Frederick H F Chan, Yen Peng Wong, Job Loei, Thuan Quoc Thach, Judith Moskowitz, Behram A Khan, Jason Choo","doi":"10.1093/abm/kaae052","DOIUrl":"10.1093/abm/kaae052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Initiation onto hemodialysis marks a critical transition with intense psychosocial demands. Interventions using cognitive-behavioral therapy to improve distress have been variably effective but require trained staff and are typically delivered only to those who screen positive for clinically significant distress. Interventions guided by positive psychology are lacking.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the effectiveness of a brief positive-skills RCT in improving psychological adjustment in new hemodialysis patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a parallel (2:1) design, blinded cluster-randomized controlled trial (cRCT) design, incident patients (<6 months at NKF dialysis centers) undergoing hemodialysis were randomized to intervention or usual care (UC). HED-Start intervention comprised four group sessions delivered by healthcare staff on positive emotions, acceptance, and life-orientated goal setting. Measures were taken at baseline (pre-randomization) and at 12 weeks: distress/mood (HADS; SPANE); quality of life (KDQOL-SF, WHOQOL-BREF); benefit-finding (BFS, BIPQ); life-oriented skills (HEIQ, CD-RISC-2); self-efficacy (CD-SES).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 147 participants enrolled in the trial (response rate, 51.0%; retention [assessment], 90.5%). Study arms were comparable on all baseline and outcome variables except for age, diabetic nephropathy, and hypertensive nephrosclerosis which were subsequently controlled for. Repeated measures ANCOVAs (intention to treat) were used. HED-Start yielded significant reductions over time in depression, and increased quality of life, self-efficacy, benefit finding, and skills relative to UC (moderate effect sizes). Rates of clinically significant depression significantly decreased in HED-Start (p < .001) and increased in UC (p = .002).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The significant positive effects of HED-Start, a low-intensity and cost intervention, on several adjustment indices, suggest that programs focusing on positive life skills can value add to existing renal care services.</p>","PeriodicalId":7939,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Behavioral Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"809-819"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142456348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carolyn Y Fang, Ajay Rao, Elizabeth A Handorf, Mengying Deng, Peter Cheung, Marilyn Tseng
{"title":"Increases in Psychological Stress Are Associated With Higher Fasting Glucose in US Chinese Immigrants.","authors":"Carolyn Y Fang, Ajay Rao, Elizabeth A Handorf, Mengying Deng, Peter Cheung, Marilyn Tseng","doi":"10.1093/abm/kaae056","DOIUrl":"10.1093/abm/kaae056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The majority of Chinese Americans is foreign-born, and it is well-documented that immigration to the United States (US) leads to increased risk for chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes. Increased disease risk has been attributed to changes in lifestyle behaviors following immigration, but few studies have considered the psychosocial impact of immigration upon biomarkers of disease risk.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To examine associations of psychological stress and social isolation with markers of type 2 diabetes risk over time among US Chinese immigrants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this longitudinal study of 614 Chinese immigrants, participants completed assessments of perceived stress, acculturative stress, negative life events, and social isolation annually at three time points. Fasting blood samples were obtained at each time point to measure blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and insulin resistance. Mean duration between baseline and follow-up assessments was approximately 2 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Increases in migration-related stress, perceived stress and social isolation were associated with significant increases in fasting glucose at follow-up independent of age, body mass index, length of US residence, and other potential covariates. Moreover, increases in glucose varied depending on perceived stress levels at baseline, such that those with higher baseline stress had a steeper increase in glucose over time.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Psychological stress and social isolation are associated with increases in fasting glucose in a sample of US Chinese immigrants. Findings suggest that the unique experiences of immigration may be involved in the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, a condition that is prevalent among US Chinese despite relatively low rates of obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":7939,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Behavioral Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"799-808"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142339475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Women's Relationships With Healthcare and Providers: The Role of Weight Stigma in Healthcare and Weight Bias Internalization.","authors":"Karen E Wetzel, Mary S Himmelstein","doi":"10.1093/abm/kaae044","DOIUrl":"10.1093/abm/kaae044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Weight stigma (devaluation due to body weight) in healthcare is common and influences one's engagement in healthcare, health behaviors, and relationship with providers. Positive patient-provider relationships (PPR) are important for one's healthcare engagement and long-term health.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To date, no research has yet investigated whether weight bias internalization (self-stigma due to weight; WBI) moderates the effect of weight stigma on the PPR. We predict that weight stigma in healthcare is negatively associated with (i) trust in physicians, (ii) physician empathy, (iii) autonomy and competence when interacting with physicians, and (iv) perceived physician expertise. We also predict that those with high levels of WBI would have the strongest relationship between experiences of weight stigma and PPR outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited women (N = 1,114) to complete a survey about weight stigma in healthcare, WBI and the previously cited PPR outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Weight stigma in healthcare and WBI were associated with each of the PPR outcomes when controlling for age, BMI, education, income, race, and ethnicity. The only exception was that WBI was not associated with trust in physicians. The hypothesis that WBI would moderate the effect of weight stigma in healthcare on PPR outcomes was generally not supported.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, this research highlights how weight stigma in healthcare as well as one's own internalization negatively impact PPRs, especially how autonomous and competent one feels with their provider which are essential for one to take an active role in their health and healthcare.</p>","PeriodicalId":7939,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Behavioral Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"789-798"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141900776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ashley N Kyalwazi, Cheryl L Woods-Giscombe, Matthew P Johnson, Clarence Jones, Sharonne N Hayes, Lisa A Cooper, Christi A Patten, LaPrincess C Brewer
{"title":"Associations Between the Superwoman Schema, Stress, and Cardiovascular Health Among African-American Women.","authors":"Ashley N Kyalwazi, Cheryl L Woods-Giscombe, Matthew P Johnson, Clarence Jones, Sharonne N Hayes, Lisa A Cooper, Christi A Patten, LaPrincess C Brewer","doi":"10.1093/abm/kaae047","DOIUrl":"10.1093/abm/kaae047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>African-American (AA) women are less likely to achieve ideal cardiovascular (CV) health compared with women of other racial/ethnic subgroups, primarily due to structural and psychosocial barriers. A potential psychosocial construct relevant to ideal CV health is the superwoman schema (SWS).</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We explored whether the SWS was associated with perceived stress, CV risk factors, and overall CV health among AA women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional analysis of the FAITH! Heart Health+ Study was conducted among AA women with high cardiometabolic risk. Pearson correlation evaluated associations between SWS and CV risk factors (e.g., stress, hypertension, diabetes, etc.). The 35-item SWS questionnaire includes five domains. Stress was measured by the 8-item Global Perceived Stress Scale (GPSS). CV health was assessed using the American Heart Association Life's Simple 7 (LS7) rubric of health behaviors/biometrics. Data acquisition spanned from February to August 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 38 women included in the analysis (mean age 54.3 [SD 11.5] years) had a high CV risk factor burden (71.1% hypertension, 76.3% overweight/obesity, 28.9% diabetes, 39.5% hyperlipidemia). Mean GPSS level was 7.7 (SD 5.2), CV health score 6.7 (SD 1.8), and SWS score 60.3 (SD 18.0). Feeling an \"obligation to help others\" and \"obligation to present an image of strength\" had strongest correlations with GPSS score among all SWS domains (r = 0.51; p = .002 and r = 0.39; p = .02, respectively). Correlation among the SWS domains and traditional CV risk factors was not statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that an obligation to help others and to project an image of strength could be contributing to stress among AA women.</p>","PeriodicalId":7939,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Behavioral Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"863-868"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11568343/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142103696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction to: Caregiver Experiences With an Internet-Delivered Insomnia Intervention: SHUTi-CARE Trial Primary Qualitative Analysis.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/abm/kaae071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/abm/kaae071","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7939,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Behavioral Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cherell Cottrell-Daniels, Dawn M Aycock, Terry F Pecháček, Mario Sims, Claire A Spears
{"title":"Associations Among Experiences With Racial Discrimination, Religion/Spirituality, and Cigarette Smoking Among African American Adults: The Jackson Heart Study.","authors":"Cherell Cottrell-Daniels, Dawn M Aycock, Terry F Pecháček, Mario Sims, Claire A Spears","doi":"10.1093/abm/kaae066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/abm/kaae066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>African American adults exhibit disproportionately high rates of tobacco-related diseases and associated death. Experiences with racial discrimination contribute to health disparities among African Americans, but more research is needed to understand associations between perceived discrimination and tobacco use as well as potential protective factors.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study examined associations between perceived racial discrimination and cigarette smoking, as well as religion and spirituality as moderators of any associations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional data were drawn from the Jackson Heart Study, a study of cardiovascular disease risk factors among African American adults in Jackson, MS. Measures included perceived everyday discrimination and major life events discrimination that was attributed to race. Participants also reported religious attendance, prayer, spirituality, and whether they prayed in response to discriminatory experiences. Logistic regression models tested associations between perceived racial discrimination and cigarette smoking status, and interactions between religiosity/spirituality and discrimination in predicting smoking status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2,972 participants were included in the analysis (62.7% female, mean age 55.1 years). Thirteen percent reported currently smoking cigarettes. Everyday racial discrimination was associated with a higher likelihood of current smoking (p = .01). The association between lifetime racial discrimination and current smoking status was weaker for those who reported prayer as a reaction compared to those who did not report prayer as a reaction (adjusted odds ratio = 0.32, 95% confidence interval: 0.11 to 0.91) while adjusting for demographics and covariates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Stressful experiences with racial discrimination may create risks for health behaviors like smoking. However, prayer may act as a coping strategy to help buffer the effects of racial discrimination on smoking behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":7939,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Behavioral Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142543226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hamzah Alzubaidi, Vitor H Oliveira, Ward Saidawi, Raya Aljobowry, Jonathan E Shaw, Catarina Samorinha
{"title":"Behavioral and Psychosocial Dynamics in Diabetes Management: A Path Analysis to Examine the Influence of Acculturation in Arab Immigrant Communities.","authors":"Hamzah Alzubaidi, Vitor H Oliveira, Ward Saidawi, Raya Aljobowry, Jonathan E Shaw, Catarina Samorinha","doi":"10.1093/abm/kaae062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/abm/kaae062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevalence is rising globally. Arab immigrants with T2DM, one of the least studied ethnic minorities, have a higher diabetes prevalence and more prominent management-related challenges compared with mainstream host societies. Acculturation's impact on self-care activities and diabetes distress (DD) is understudied globally.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To examine how acculturation affects self-care practices and DD in first-generation Arab immigrants with T2DM and how health literacy, illness perceptions, and self-efficacy mediate these associations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in Victoria, Australia. Eligible patients were invited while waiting for their appointments. The questionnaire included validated tools to assess DD, self-care activities, health literacy, self-efficacy, and acculturation. We tested mediation hypothesis using path analysis, with a maximum likelihood estimation to calculate total, direct, and indirect effects and bias-corrected accelerated 95% CI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 382 Arab immigrants with T2DM participated, with an average age of 57.9 years (SD = 8.0). Half were males, most had low education, and were married. Participants lived in Australia for a mean of 19.1 years (SD = 8.3) and had diabetes for 7.1 years (SD =4.7). Higher acculturation was directly associated with decreased DD. Illness perceptions (p = .002) and self-efficacy (p = .001) mediated the association of acculturation with self-care activities, while health literacy did not. Additionally, self-efficacy fully mediated the relationship between acculturation and DD (p = .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This research provided valuable insights into the complex interplay between acculturation, diabetes management, and psychosocial factors. Interventions targeting self-efficacy and illness perceptions may improve self-care activities and reduce DD among Arab immigrants with T2DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":7939,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Behavioral Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142456344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lauren B Finkelstein, Emma E Bright, Heng Chao J Gu, Joanna J Arch
{"title":"Optimizing the Use of Personal Values to Promote Medication Adherence: A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Affective and Behavioral Responses to Theory-Driven Domain Congruent Versus Incongruent Values Approaches.","authors":"Lauren B Finkelstein, Emma E Bright, Heng Chao J Gu, Joanna J Arch","doi":"10.1093/abm/kaae064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/abm/kaae064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Self-affirmation theory (SAT) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) embody competing approaches to leveraging personal values to motivate behavior change but are rarely compared in the domain of health behavior. This study compares these theory-driven values-based interventions for promoting medication adherence.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare affective and behavioral responses to competing values-based medication adherence interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this three-armed randomized trial, participants with cancer (n = 95) or diabetes (n = 97) recruited online using Prolific and prescribed daily oral medication for that disease completed a one-session online writing intervention leveraging (1) a domain incongruent (DI) value, where the value was not connected to medication adherence; (2) a domain congruent (DC) value, where the value was connected to adherence; or (3) a control condition, focused on medication adherence procedures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no main effects of conditions on reported medication adherence at the 1-month follow-up. During the intervention, positive affect was higher in the values conditions than control (p < .001), and trended higher in DI versus DC (p = .054). Negative affect did not vary between the values and control groups (p = .093) but was lower in DI versus DC (p = .006). Improvements in positive affect over the course of the intervention were associated with increased adherence behavior for individuals who started with low levels of positive affect (p = .003). Disease type did not moderate findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Consistent with SAT, focusing on DI values led to more positive and less negative affect than connecting values directly to behavior in a threatening domain such as chronic illness. For some participants, increases in positive affect predicted greater adherence.</p>","PeriodicalId":7939,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Behavioral Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142456350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jonathan G Hakun, Lizbeth Benson, Tian Qiu, Daniel B Elbich, Mindy Katz, Pamela A Shaw, Martin J Sliwinski, Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani
{"title":"Cognitive Health Benefits of Everyday Physical Activity in a Diverse Sample of Middle-Aged Adults.","authors":"Jonathan G Hakun, Lizbeth Benson, Tian Qiu, Daniel B Elbich, Mindy Katz, Pamela A Shaw, Martin J Sliwinski, Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani","doi":"10.1093/abm/kaae059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/abm/kaae059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Physical activity has been associated with a wide range of health benefits including long-term benefits for cognitive and brain health. Whether episodes of everyday physical activity are associated with immediate cognitive benefits remains unknown.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of the current study was to examine whether episodes of physical activity, occurring over the course of participants' daily lives, are associated with short-term improvements in cognitive health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants completed a 9-day ecological momentary assessment protocol involving 5 daily assessments of self-reported physical activity and ambulatory cognitive assessments of processing speed and visuospatial working memory. Data were analyzed in a multilevel modeling framework to explore changes in performance on each task associated with physical activity during the period leading up to the assessment as well as individual differences in average frequency of physical activity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results of MLMs indicated that engaging in physical activity during the period (~3.5 hr) leading up to an assessment was associated with improvements in processing speed equivalent to 4 years of cognitive aging. Such improvements were observed for both light and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels. No association was observed for visuospatial working memory accuracy; however, response time during the working memory task reliably mirrored the association observed for processing speed. The short-term benefits were observed, particularly, for individuals with an overall higher frequency of reported physical activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that engaging in everyday physical activity of any intensity level may have short-term, acute benefits for cognitive health and point to new potential targets for intervention.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial information: </strong>NCT03240406.</p>","PeriodicalId":7939,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Behavioral Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142456345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}