Clinical neuroscience (New York, N.Y.)最新文献_第7页

Pharmacotherapy of late life mood disorders. 晚期情绪障碍的药物治疗。

Clinical neuroscience (New York, N.Y.) Pub Date : 1997-01-01

N Herrmann, K E Bremner, C A Naranjo

引用次数: 0

Molecular and biochemical events within the brain subjected to cerebral ischemia (targets for therapeutical intervention). 脑缺血时脑内的分子和生化事件(治疗干预的目标)。

Clinical neuroscience (New York, N.Y.) Pub Date : 1997-01-01

T Kogure, K Kogure

{"title":"Molecular and biochemical events within the brain subjected to cerebral ischemia (targets for therapeutical intervention).","authors":"T Kogure, K Kogure","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"We review the molecular and biochemical events that occur within the brain during cerebral ischemia, based on recent investigations of focal cerebral ischemia models. Occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in rats produces focal ischemia. In contrast to the core where ischemia is severe and infarction develops rapidly, areas surrounding the core (called the penumbra) show a more moderate decrease of blood flow and can tolerate longer durations of ischemic stress. Reperfusion and pharmacological interventions can help to salvage the penumbra. Ischemic insult alters the genomic properties of the brain cells and selective production of heat shock proteins can be seen. Heat shock proteins are necessary in the repair of cell integrity, and is thought to be induced as a rescue program. Pre-ischemic induction of these proteins is known to cause ischemic tolerance, and methods to manipulate genes into inducing HSPs may be effective in protecting neurons from ischemia. Genes that promote apoptosis are also expressed after ischemia, and may cause secondary expansion of the infarction. Strategies to denote expression of these genes may be effective in reducing ischemic neuronal death. Activation of the inflammatory cells such as neutrophils and macrophages, in the ischemic region, may cause further post-ischemic damage. Investigations on the role and mechanics of inflammatory systems in ischemic neuronal injury may present a new target for therapeutic intervention against stroke.","PeriodicalId":79395,"journal":{"name":"Clinical neuroscience (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"4 4","pages":"179-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20132597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Role of Ca+2 and other second messengers in excitatory amino acid receptor mediated neurodegeneration: clinical perspectives. Ca+2和其他第二信使在兴奋性氨基酸受体介导的神经变性中的作用:临床观点。

Clinical neuroscience (New York, N.Y.) Pub Date : 1997-01-01

A Schousboe, B Belhage, A Frandsen

引用次数: 0

Magnetic resonance imaging in optic neuropathy. 视神经病变的磁共振成像。

Clinical neuroscience (New York, N.Y.) Pub Date : 1997-01-01

I Moseley, A Gass

引用次数: 0

Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. 前部缺血性视神经病变。

Clinical neuroscience (New York, N.Y.) Pub Date : 1997-01-01

S S Hayreh

引用次数: 0

Neuroimaging in late-life mood disorders. 老年情绪障碍的神经影像学研究。

Clinical neuroscience (New York, N.Y.) Pub Date : 1997-01-01

A Kumar, D Miller

引用次数: 0

Lexical-semantic organization: evidence from aphasia. 词汇语义组织:来自失语症的证据。

Clinical neuroscience (New York, N.Y.) Pub Date : 1997-01-01

R S Berndt, C C Mitchum

引用次数: 0

Childhood aphasias. 儿童失语症病人。

Clinical neuroscience (New York, N.Y.) Pub Date : 1997-01-01

I P Martins

引用次数: 0

Role of nitric oxide in retinal cell death. 一氧化氮在视网膜细胞死亡中的作用。

Clinical neuroscience (New York, N.Y.) Pub Date : 1997-01-01

S Roth

{"title":"Role of nitric oxide in retinal cell death.","authors":"S Roth","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Nitric oxide synthase (NOS), the enzyme that catalyzes the formation of nitric oxide from L-arginine, exists in three major isoforms, neuronal, endothelial, and immunologic. Neuronal and immunologic NOS has been detected in the retina. Neuronal NOS may be responsible for producing nitric oxide in photoreceptors and bipolar cells. Nitric oxide stimulates guanylate cyclase of photoreceptor rod cells and increases calcium-channel currents, which may be significant in the photoresponse. Inducible nitric oxide synthase, found in Müller cells and in retinal pigment epithelium, may be involved in normal phagocytosis of the retinal outer segment, in infectious and ischemic processes, and in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Nitric oxide contributes to basal tone in the retinal circulation. To date, findings are conflicting with respect to its role in retinal autoregulation. During glucose and oxygen deprivation, nitric oxide may increase blood flow and prevent platelet aggregation, but it may also mediate the toxic effects of excitatory amino acid release. Nonspecific inhibition of NOS appears to protect the retina from ischemic damage, suggesting an important role of nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of retinal ischemic injury, and possible therapeutic approaches in patients with retinal vascular occlusion.","PeriodicalId":79395,"journal":{"name":"Clinical neuroscience (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"4 5","pages":"216-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20233338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Autonomic neuropathy: clinical and instrumental findings. 自主神经病变:临床和仪器检查结果。

Clinical neuroscience (New York, N.Y.) Pub Date : 1997-01-01

V Spallone, G Menzinger

{"title":"Autonomic neuropathy: clinical and instrumental findings.","authors":"V Spallone, G Menzinger","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The development of sensitive techniques evaluating functions under autonomic control has allowed the early detection of widespread abnormalities in diabetes mellitus. However, despite a high frequency of functional abnormalities, an overt clinical syndrome develops slowly and is quite rare. Characteristic clinical features, more recent methods for evaluating autonomic function, diagnostic procedures, and main instrumental findings in a diabetic population are reported. Emphasis is given to more promising techniques evaluating autonomic control of the cardiovascular system, such as myocardial scintigraphy and assessment of 24-h blood pressure and heart rate variability. The clinical meaning of the number of functional abnormalities observed in diabetic patients is considered. While the role of autonomic neuropathy in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal motor disorders, hypoglycaemia unawareness or diabetic impotence needs to be revised, the importance of autonomic-related sweating and blood flow abnormalities in the pathogenesis of diabetic foot lesions is now better documented. Moreover, growing evidence of the importance of autonomic control of cardiovascular system, together with cardiovascular dysfunction linked to diabetic autonomic neuropathy, supports the hypothesis of a possible role of autonomic neuropathy in the increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality observed in diabetic patients.","PeriodicalId":79395,"journal":{"name":"Clinical neuroscience (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"4 6","pages":"346-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20289778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0